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Online since: October 2006
Authors: Sergey N. Rashkeev, Sokrates T. Pantelides, Leonard C. Feldman, S.J. Pennycook, Robert A. Weller, K. McDonald, Ryszard Buczko, M. Di Ventra, G. Duscher, John R. Williams, Tamara Isaacs-Smith, L.M. Porter, G.Y. Chung, Chin Che Tin, S. Dhar, Sanwu Wang, A. Franceschetti, L. Tsetseris, M.H. Evans, I.G. Batyrev, S.R. Wang, R.D. Schrimpf, D.M. Fleetwood, X.J. Zhou, K. Van Benthem
Silicon carbide has the right properties and the same native oxide as Si.
It has good semiconductor properties (Table 1).
Table 1 Key semiconductor properties of Si and the 4H polytype of SiC.
Several wide-gap semiconductors have virtually all the necessary properties, but lack a suitable dielectric for the fabrication of MOSFETs.
Overall, although there are several factors that favor an abrupt interface (e.g., it is energetically favorable to "oxidize" suboxide bonds first, emitted Si and C atoms do not enter the SiC side, and arriving O atoms do not enter the SiC side) there are two main factors that cause trouble: a) the disruption of the SiC ring structure by the emission of C and Si atoms and b) the emitted C atoms, some of which are likely to be stuck in the interface region.
It has good semiconductor properties (Table 1).
Table 1 Key semiconductor properties of Si and the 4H polytype of SiC.
Several wide-gap semiconductors have virtually all the necessary properties, but lack a suitable dielectric for the fabrication of MOSFETs.
Overall, although there are several factors that favor an abrupt interface (e.g., it is energetically favorable to "oxidize" suboxide bonds first, emitted Si and C atoms do not enter the SiC side, and arriving O atoms do not enter the SiC side) there are two main factors that cause trouble: a) the disruption of the SiC ring structure by the emission of C and Si atoms and b) the emitted C atoms, some of which are likely to be stuck in the interface region.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Iveta Marková, Milan Marcinek
Requirements laid on extrication equipment are the same in all European countries and producers have to fulfill all actual requirements concerning performance, characteristics, properties, safety and maintenance according to this standard. [1] These requirements of course change in accordance with vehicle development.
It is necessary to mention also several railway accidents and crashes of vehicles and trains. [3] All of these mentioned factors lead to the fact that many injured persons were captured in crashed transport means and it was necessary to extricate them as soon as possible. [4] Due to increased number and seriousness of traffic accidents, it was necessary to increase technical equipage, and speed and flexibility of responding members of firefighting and rescue units.
They are divided according to performance (Table 4) and power unit – with engine or mechanical power energy.
The equipment used in an actual situation is affected also by other factors.
References [1] MARKOVÁ, I. et al.: Protection of persons and property against fire.
It is necessary to mention also several railway accidents and crashes of vehicles and trains. [3] All of these mentioned factors lead to the fact that many injured persons were captured in crashed transport means and it was necessary to extricate them as soon as possible. [4] Due to increased number and seriousness of traffic accidents, it was necessary to increase technical equipage, and speed and flexibility of responding members of firefighting and rescue units.
They are divided according to performance (Table 4) and power unit – with engine or mechanical power energy.
The equipment used in an actual situation is affected also by other factors.
References [1] MARKOVÁ, I. et al.: Protection of persons and property against fire.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Ban Hai Yu, Jian Jun Ma, Yong Liu
Due to the complexity of the structure near the cutout, FEM software is commonly used to analyze the mechanical behavior of the structure to compare with results obtained by equations from specifications.
Besides, compared with the thickness of the strengthening coaming , some of the cutouts have a relatively smaller diameter, they are unable to meet the basic properties of the shell element in ANSYS.
According to the formulas of the XU’s book, theoretical buckling pressure of a rib-stiffened cylindrical shell with a cutout and coaming reinforcement is p0, shown as equation 1: p0=βσT+β'σT'tR (1) Where β and β'are the bearing capacity factors of the shell plate and coaming, which can be obtained through geometric interpolation by using cylindrical shell’s parameters. σT and σT' were yield strength of materials of shell plates and the strengthening coaming.
The affected region include the cutout , its coaming and shell plates and ribs that located in the circle area of two times the outer radius of the cutout.
The main findings are listed as follows: 1 The combination model of solid element and shell element could precisely simulate the mechanical behavior of cylindrical shell with a cutout and give an accurate forecast of the collapse pressure. 2 S-E model used in this paper could save the calculating time for computers and provide feasible results compared with solid model and shell model.
Besides, compared with the thickness of the strengthening coaming , some of the cutouts have a relatively smaller diameter, they are unable to meet the basic properties of the shell element in ANSYS.
According to the formulas of the XU’s book, theoretical buckling pressure of a rib-stiffened cylindrical shell with a cutout and coaming reinforcement is p0, shown as equation 1: p0=βσT+β'σT'tR (1) Where β and β'are the bearing capacity factors of the shell plate and coaming, which can be obtained through geometric interpolation by using cylindrical shell’s parameters. σT and σT' were yield strength of materials of shell plates and the strengthening coaming.
The affected region include the cutout , its coaming and shell plates and ribs that located in the circle area of two times the outer radius of the cutout.
The main findings are listed as follows: 1 The combination model of solid element and shell element could precisely simulate the mechanical behavior of cylindrical shell with a cutout and give an accurate forecast of the collapse pressure. 2 S-E model used in this paper could save the calculating time for computers and provide feasible results compared with solid model and shell model.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Elena Mavropoulos, J.A. Cortês, Alexandre Rossi, Moema Hausen, Gutemberg Alves, J.M. Granjeiro
In this context, understanding the relationship between complex factors of both materials and cells, requires the use of tests involving their direct contact.
However, the use of these methods to evaluate cell density alone necessarily assumes that (i) the material does not affect specifically the viability principle employed (e.g.: mitochondrial activity for the MTT test) and (ii) that the material does not interfere nonspecifically with the reagents or products of the test.
Porous hydroxyapatite, with its highly adsorptive properties, seems to include high levels of DAPI (Fig. 3A), generating a very blurred signal, as compared to that obtained with titanium (Fig. 3B).
Clyne, Characterisation of Cell Adhesion to Substrate Materials and the Resistance to Enzymatic and Mechanical Cell-Removal, Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials and Biomaterials Proceedings 1097 (2008) Epaper 08_GG3-5
However, the use of these methods to evaluate cell density alone necessarily assumes that (i) the material does not affect specifically the viability principle employed (e.g.: mitochondrial activity for the MTT test) and (ii) that the material does not interfere nonspecifically with the reagents or products of the test.
Porous hydroxyapatite, with its highly adsorptive properties, seems to include high levels of DAPI (Fig. 3A), generating a very blurred signal, as compared to that obtained with titanium (Fig. 3B).
Clyne, Characterisation of Cell Adhesion to Substrate Materials and the Resistance to Enzymatic and Mechanical Cell-Removal, Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials and Biomaterials Proceedings 1097 (2008) Epaper 08_GG3-5
Online since: October 2014
Authors: M.K.A. Ariffin, N.S.B. Yusof, N. Othman, Azmin Shakrine Mohd Rafie
Othman4,d
1,2,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
1,4 Department of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Management and Science University, Malaysia.
The loss coefficient represents the energy loss of the ball valve that may be affected by variation in the inlet velocity and the Reynold’s number [14].
Waring, “Mechanical Properties of Metals and Their Cavitation Damage Resistance.”
Leephakpreeda, “Design factors for ‘ linear ’ ball valve : theoretical and experimental studies,” no.
The loss coefficient represents the energy loss of the ball valve that may be affected by variation in the inlet velocity and the Reynold’s number [14].
Waring, “Mechanical Properties of Metals and Their Cavitation Damage Resistance.”
Leephakpreeda, “Design factors for ‘ linear ’ ball valve : theoretical and experimental studies,” no.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Kirill Khlopkov, Georg Paul, Thomas Pretorius
From an industrial point of view, on-line models for the prediction of microstructure and mechanical properties are commonly utilized to speed up steel development and to optimize production parameters like alloying contents and processing temperatures [2-4].
The activation energy of recrystallization Q varies from 180 kJ to 300 kJ [2, 5] and should be increased by a certain factor accounting for the solute drag effect of microalloying elements [5].
In the steady state, the nucleation rate Js can be defined , (6) where Z is the Zeldovich non-equilibrium factor, β is the rate at which solute atoms join the critical nucleus, Nt is the number of potential nucleation sites per unit volume, ΔGn is the free energy of activation for formation of the critical nucleus and kT is the product of Boltzmann’s constant k and the absolute temperature T [17].
However, the volume fraction of precipitation is too small to affect the static recrystallization.
Buchmayr: in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Phase Transformations During the Thermal/Mechanical Processing of Steel, edited by E.B.
The activation energy of recrystallization Q varies from 180 kJ to 300 kJ [2, 5] and should be increased by a certain factor accounting for the solute drag effect of microalloying elements [5].
In the steady state, the nucleation rate Js can be defined , (6) where Z is the Zeldovich non-equilibrium factor, β is the rate at which solute atoms join the critical nucleus, Nt is the number of potential nucleation sites per unit volume, ΔGn is the free energy of activation for formation of the critical nucleus and kT is the product of Boltzmann’s constant k and the absolute temperature T [17].
However, the volume fraction of precipitation is too small to affect the static recrystallization.
Buchmayr: in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Phase Transformations During the Thermal/Mechanical Processing of Steel, edited by E.B.
Online since: July 2022
Authors: Sergey Ragimov, Kostiantyn Ostapov, Yurii Senchykhin, Igor Kirichenko
This is probably due to the fact that ammonium phosphates saturate the top layer of wood and due to their inhibitory properties contain flares.
Due to their adhesive properties, gel-forming systems are firmly attached to the surface of the object, which is protected during firefighting, which significantly affects the rate of their fire-fighting capacity.
That is, the process of extinguishing such fires depends significantly on the human factor.
The aim of the work is to improve the efficiency of firefighting of various equipment in the undercarriage space of cars at subway stations due to the adhesive properties of gel-forming compositions.
[11] De-xu Du, Xu-hai Pan, Min HUA Experimental study on fire extinguishing properties of compound superfine powder.
Due to their adhesive properties, gel-forming systems are firmly attached to the surface of the object, which is protected during firefighting, which significantly affects the rate of their fire-fighting capacity.
That is, the process of extinguishing such fires depends significantly on the human factor.
The aim of the work is to improve the efficiency of firefighting of various equipment in the undercarriage space of cars at subway stations due to the adhesive properties of gel-forming compositions.
[11] De-xu Du, Xu-hai Pan, Min HUA Experimental study on fire extinguishing properties of compound superfine powder.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Chong Lin Chen, Gang Bing Song, Shu Li He, Zhong Hou Cai, Hai Ming Guo, Hong Jun Gao, Li Sun, Hong Liang Lu, Shuang Qi Song, Xiao Feng Gu
PFM provides the capability of investigating small-scale piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films.
In this study, piezoelectric properties of sputter deposited BTO thin films were characterized by PFM.
Considering an amplification factor of 1000, the actual sample PR amplitude should be 1.2mV.
He, Microwave Dielectric Properties with Optimized Mn-Doped Ba0. 6Sr0. 4TiO3 Highly Epitaxial Thin Films, Cryst.
Meletis, Growth, Microstructure and Properties of Epitaxial La1-XSrxMnO3 Thin Films on Various Substrates Using RF Magnetron Sputtering, J.
In this study, piezoelectric properties of sputter deposited BTO thin films were characterized by PFM.
Considering an amplification factor of 1000, the actual sample PR amplitude should be 1.2mV.
He, Microwave Dielectric Properties with Optimized Mn-Doped Ba0. 6Sr0. 4TiO3 Highly Epitaxial Thin Films, Cryst.
Meletis, Growth, Microstructure and Properties of Epitaxial La1-XSrxMnO3 Thin Films on Various Substrates Using RF Magnetron Sputtering, J.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Bin Yuan, Zhu Jiang
Generally, a spool with certain shape can be used to improve this factor [3].
The rotation of the spool will damage the end surface of the slide valve, damage the retaining spring, and in the end affect the dynamic performance of the entire hydraulic system.
Conclusions Hydraulic slide valve is not only the key component but also the main component for energy loss, so the property of slide valve is significant for hydraulic control system.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering.Vol.40 (2004), p. 99-102
The rotation of the spool will damage the end surface of the slide valve, damage the retaining spring, and in the end affect the dynamic performance of the entire hydraulic system.
Conclusions Hydraulic slide valve is not only the key component but also the main component for energy loss, so the property of slide valve is significant for hydraulic control system.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering.Vol.40 (2004), p. 99-102
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Shang Lien Lo, Vimal Chandra Srivastava, Seema Singh
However, the comparison of the photocatalytic performances of WO3 nanoparticles depends upon the two factors namely different sizes and various calcinations temperatures.
Doping of Hf4+ shifts both VB and CB edges of WO3 upwards to enhance the water splitting without affecting the visible light absorption ability of WO3 [30].
The photocatalytic properties microstructures and compositions, of synthesized hierarchical photocatalysts (Ag/AgCl@WO3) were affected by the morphologies of the WO3 powder (i.e., nanorods and nanoparticulates), amounts of WO3 and photo reduction times.
However, optical properties, electrical conductivity, electronic band structure, chromic effect, photocatalytic properties and respective change in shape, size and morphology of WOx many fundamental issues that need to be addressed.
Jolivet, New Insights into Bi2WO6 Properties as a Visible-Light Photocatalyst, J.
Doping of Hf4+ shifts both VB and CB edges of WO3 upwards to enhance the water splitting without affecting the visible light absorption ability of WO3 [30].
The photocatalytic properties microstructures and compositions, of synthesized hierarchical photocatalysts (Ag/AgCl@WO3) were affected by the morphologies of the WO3 powder (i.e., nanorods and nanoparticulates), amounts of WO3 and photo reduction times.
However, optical properties, electrical conductivity, electronic band structure, chromic effect, photocatalytic properties and respective change in shape, size and morphology of WOx many fundamental issues that need to be addressed.
Jolivet, New Insights into Bi2WO6 Properties as a Visible-Light Photocatalyst, J.