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These coatings naturally exhibit different interface properties such as friction and heat partition coefficients depending on the workpiece material.
Still, they are not suited to provide in-depth analyses of surface layer states being induced by cutting operations on account of the disregard of influencing factors such as relative speed.
Up to a point, dependencies on these factors can be added to common models by introducing state-dependent friction coefficients.
Work in this field continues due to the interest in mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials.
Zalisz, Characterization of the friction properties of various coatings at the tool—chip—workpiece interfaces in dry machining of AISI 4140 steel, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 222 (4) (2008) 617-627

This variation ensured precise manipulation of particle morphology and size distribution, which are important factors in obtaining materials with desired magnetic and structural properties.
The sharp decrease in particle size from 28 nm to 7 nm when replacing citric acid with PEG as the fuel and chelating agent in the sol-gel autocombustion method can be explained through several interconnected factors [34].
Mazurenko et al., The influence of reaction medium pH on the structure, optical, and mechanical properties of nanosized cu-Fe ferrite synthesized by the sol-gel autocombustion method, J.
Espiña, Magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment: Main parameters affecting the outcome of in vitro and in vivo studies, Molecules, 25(12) (2020) 2874
Ramana, Effect of Manganese-Doping on the chemical and optical properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles.

Fabrication of bricks includes clay minerals mixed with water making this new material to be highly plastic (hydroplasticity property).
Under this severe condition of drying, the highest moisture content and temperature gradients occur at the surface of the solid mainly close to the vertex region, which would induce thermal, hydric and mechanical stresses, rendering this region more vulnerable to cracks and fissures.
The mechanical behavior of clay is generally described as elastic viscosity and plasticity depending on the moisture content.
Further, the drying rate can also be affected by the shape of the brick.
Based on the results presented, the following conclusions can be summarized: a) as larger the drying time smaller will be the average moisture content of the solid; b) The influence of temperature as a major factor in the drying rate is confirmed.

Due to the nature of gas to liquid phase change, the process, that involves mass and heat transfer at the interface of the vapor, surface, and liquid can be limited by the surface properties.
Therefore, a vast research effort is attracted towards tailoring surfaces physical and chemical properties so that phase change efficiency can be enhanced without the need of any external active means.
DwC can deliver heat transfer coefficients increased by a factor of 2 compared to FwC [15].
Liu, Hydrophobization of epoxy nanocomposite surface with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane for superhydrophobic properties, Cent.
Stathopoulos, Influence of organic phase change materials on the physical and mechanical properties of HDPE and PP polymers, RSC Advances 8 (2018) 27438-27447

Shear web transverse placement The transverse placement of the shear-webs within the aerofoil sections naturally influences the structural properties of the assembly.
The materials used, in principle, were 5 different types: UD, Triax, R4545, Foam and Webs, whose properties are shown below in the table 1.
The mechanical properties of composite materials are given in table X: Table 2.
Mechanical properties of materials used.
The present investigation has demonstrated that essential dynamic properties of wind turbine blades, like natural frequencies and mode shapes, can be numerically determined by use of the modal analysis technique.

Material Model and Simulation Setup Material Property and Hardening Model.
The mechanical properties of two sheet materials are shown in Table 1 and the uniaxial tensile curves tested by MTS machine are illustrated in Fig.1.
Strain rate is taken into account in this paper by using the Cowper-Symonds model [3] which scales the yield stress by the strain rate dependent factor which is easily combined into the Finite Element analysis
In the sheet metal forming process, due to the elasto-plastic material property, it is critical to choose a suitable yield criterion to describe the boundary from the elastic state to plastic state.
The strain evolution has not been affected remarkably when the punch speed limits within the normal range (5mm/s~50mm/s).

Vibration is the key dynamic properties of the structures [K.
Damage affects the structural dynamic properties in operational conditions.
Non-Destructive Testing is a very good approach for measuring the dynamic properties.
Experimental modal analysis is one of the most basic approaches that can be used to identify structural modal properties from the output-only measurements.
Visual inspection of the signals, time window selection, digital filtering, cross-correlation construction, exponential windowing, and data averaging in time or frequency domain significantly reduce bias and random errors affecting the data quality and improve the reliability of the identified results.

However, more efficient methods of mechanical structuring of silicon surface affect the prime cost of solar cells.
The investigation of optical properties of obtained textures was performed using a Specord Plus spectrophotometer. 3.
Models of textures were chosen based on the condition of multiple reflection of light within the created textured layers, which would increase antireflective properties of the solar cell surface.
Fig. 4 shows the results of optimization of antireflective properties of obtained textures.
Koretskii, Properties of low-dimentional polysilicon in SOI structures for low temperature sensors, Advanced Materials Research 854 (2014) 49-55

Virtual Prototype Simulation of Vertical Clamp Kinematics and Dynamics for Operating Safety Jianxiong Liu a Shengjun Lib Juntao Peng c Jianmei Liud Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China 650093 a jxlkmust@163.com, blishengjun@126.com, cpjt86@sohu.com, djmlkm@tom.com Key words: vertical clamp, metallurgical hoisting tool, virtual prototype, simulation Abstract: Vertical clamps are representative large-capacity metallurgical lifting tool and wide spread employed to lift and to convey vertical cold or hot rolling steel coil of strip.
Actually, spatial kinematics and dynamics simulating is a necessary method for analyzing and synthesizing the properties of a vertical clamp system.
The third step imports model data that ADAMS simulation environment can distinguish, and defines their inertia properties.
Therefore, we have following results: the bigger the static friction factor is, the shorter the distance slipping downward of steel coil of strip is, and the briefer the time to achieve to stable running state is, as illustrated in fig.8.
By simulating investigation, some crucial factors that affect the VDAC operating safety and reliability are given, and some important conclusions are achieved.

It was recently shown [3,6] that creep breakdown is attributed to the transformation of TMLS to well-defined subgrain structure followed by its coarsening during long-term static aging in a P91-type steel without W and correlated with the depletion of W from the solid solution in a Co-modified P92-type with a high W content excessing thermodynamically equilibrium solubility of this element in the solid solution by a factor of ~2.
Prior austenite grain (PAG) size of the 10%Cr steels is higher by a factor of 3.5 than that of the 9%Cr steel while dislocation density, lath thickness and dimensions of M23C6 carbides and M(C,N) carbonitrides are nearly the same [6,11].
Therefore, in this 10% steel V-rich M(C,N) → Z-phase transformation is not important for creep resistance since it affects slightly a dispersion of carbonitrides located within laths.
Maruyama, Effect of precipitates on long-term creep deformation properties of P92 and P122 type advanced ferritic steels for USC power plants, Mater.
Kaibyshev, Effect of tempering on microstructure and mechanical properties of boron containing 10%Cr steel, ISIJ Int. 51 (2011) 1912-1918