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Preparation and Characterization of Thin Films TiO2 Prepared by Various Amount of Triton X-100 Surfactant for Photodegradation of a Dye Pollutant Sudjit Sanguanruang1,a, Rachan Leotphayakkarat1,b, Nitikarn Fangern1,c, Nattamon Koonsaeng1,d and ,Chamorn Chawengkijwanich2,e 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Pahol Yothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900,Thailand 2National science and technology development agency, Paholyothin Road, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand a fscisjs@ku.ac.th, b Rachan.11@hotmail.com , cf.nitikarn@gmail.com, dfscinks@ku.ac.th, echamorn@nanotec.or.th.
The crystal structure, optical property and the morphology of thin films TiO2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Environment Scanning Electron Microscope (E-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
The concentration effects of TritonX-100 surfactant on the structure and the physical properties, such as homogeneity, grain distribution and roughness were studied.
In addition, the evaluation for catalytic activity of the films towards the photodegradation of Reactive Yellow17, a textile dye of azo structure[4], in aqueous solutions under UV light were also presented.
The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films was evaluated by decolorization of Reactive Yellow17, a textile dye with azo structure[4].

The XRD results showed a highly amorphous structure in obtained metakaolin geopolymer.
Heavy metal has inorganic structure and does not decompose in nature.
This material has semi-crystalline alumino-silicate structure and form to 3D network of alumina and silica [10].
The crystalline peaks intensities decreased after geopolymerization process in geopolymer phases as metakaolin was dissolved by alkali solution and transformed to an amorphous structure.
Davidovits, GEOPOLYMER Chemistry&Applications, Institut Géopolymère 16 rue Galilée F-02100 Saint-Quentin France, France, 2008

The surface morphology was evaluated by SEM/EDS, the crystal structure by XRD, and the mechanical properties and scratch resistance by instrumented indentation.
The new produced surfaces were evaluated concerning morphology, crystal structure and mechanical properties.
A structure with interconnected pores can facilitate the growth of cells in the bone tissue between the surface elements [13].
The morphology and crystal structure of both methods are favorable parameters for the implant osseointegration.
Soares, Materials Chemistry and Physics. 102 (2007) 92-97.

Change the grain boundary and the triple junction structure. 3.
The stress relaxation may also occur within the interface by two alternative processes: core delocalization or incorporation within the interface structure.
Whatever be the relaxation mode, it strongly depends on the interface structure.
The different grain boundaries are more or less active according to their structure and chemistry.
The structure of special grain boundaries is close to the structure of crystalline lattice and the role of the grain boundary dislocations is similar to lattice dislocation.

Purification and Fractionation of Natural Petroleum Sulfonates by Liquid-liquid & Soxhlet Extraction Ruixia Niu1 and Bolin Li1, Biao Long2 1Provincial Key Laboratory Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China niuruixia999@sina.com, dqlbl@163.com 2Chemical Engineering department, Daqing Oil Field Engineering Ltd.
-Z.Yan, et al, “Constitution and structure analysis of petroleum sulfonates used as detergent-dispersant,” Lubricating Oil, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 44-63, June 1996
Nan, et al, “Relation between structure and property of fractions of petroleum sulfonates,” Acta petrole sinica (petroleum processing section)，vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 204-210, April 2008
-H Liang, “Analysis on Composition and Structure of Sodium Petroleum Sulfonate for EOR,” Advances in fine petrochemicals, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 14-19, June 2004
Liu, et al, “Structure Analysis of Petroleum Sulfonate used in Tertiary Oil Recovery by GC-MS.

Research groups of physicists involved in the investigation of IF were established at the Voronezh State Technical University, at the Voronezh State Pedagogical University and at the Voronezh State Academy on Chemistry and Technology.
started the investigation of acoustic properties of crystals with different defect structure.
Evidences of dislocation structure of large edge grain boundaries were obtained from the IF data.
At the Kiev State University Maksimiuk P.A. at al. have studied the IF of antimony, bismuth, silicon and some alloys with amorphous and microcrystalline structure, the effects of interactions of dislocations and impurity atoms.
Polygonal structures of alloys and fiber composites were studied in the Vinnitsa State Pedagogical Institute (Zuziak P.M., Mozgovoi A.V.).

The structures and properties of the SAPs are strongly affected by the reaction conditions.
The improvement of mechanics performance may be attributed to the rigid ring structure present in the guar gum.
The samples exhibited porous architecture, which was the typical structure of hydrophilic polymer.
That is due to the rigid ring structure in the guar gum.
It is well known that pore structure of superabsorbent affects absorption characteristics.

It is possible to reduce the corrosion rate by refining the microstructure to a bainitic structure [5].
In comparison, the higher martensite content and less stable structure in U20Mn-1 lead to more pronounced and deeper corrosion damage, particularly under elevated temperatures.
The study highlights that U75V’s pearlitic structure, with its larger exposed surface area, is less resistant to corrosion compared to bainitic steels, as seen in U20Mn-1 and U20Mn-2.
These factors contribute to a more stable structure less susceptible to corrosion.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 207, 157-166

Under the background of constructing a harmonious society, eliminating the low productivity, reducing the pollution & saving the resource, restructuring industry structure and keeping sustainable development of the cement industry, technological innovation capability must be improved to realize the upgrading of technology, product and industrial structure.
The features of the system are integrity, hierarchy in structure, purposiveness, and environmental suitability, etc.
The technological innovation system is an organic entity which consists of components with their unique structure.
Finally, we can realize eliminating backward production facilities, reducing the energy consumption and pollution, and upgrading the industry structure.
Beijing: Chemistry Industry Press( 2007)

SEM images of the micropore structure of the resulting hydrogels.
Images of the hydrogels cut (Fig. 2) give an idea about their porous structure.
Makshakova, Molecular structure and properties of κ-carrageenan-gelatin gels, Carbohydrate Polymers 197 (2018) 66-74
Díaz, Self-healing alginate–gelatin biohydrogels based on dynamic covalent chemistry: elucidation of key parameters, Mater.
Zuev, Structure and properties of aqueous dispersions of sodium dodecyl sulfate with carbon nanotubes, Russ.