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Ravera reported on the interfacial properties of nanometric colloidal silica dispersions in the presence of a cationic surfactant [23].
This method had a little limitation in measuring of S.T and IFT and we could not obtain these factors for all nanofluids.
Liggieri, Effect of Nanoparticles on the Interfacial Properties of Liquid-Liquid and Liquid-Air Surface Layers, J.
Arya, Influence of ZrO2 nanoparticles including SDS and CTAB surfactants assembly on the interfacial properties of liquid-liquid, liquid-air and liquid-solid surface layers, J.
Miller, Study of the monolayer structure and wettability properties of silica nanoparticles and CTAB using the Langmuir trough technique, Colloid Sur.

Unlike other traditional mechanical cutting methods, EDM removes materials away by sparks, which leads to high temperature and pressure.
As a result, it has no restriction to hardness because of its non-contact property.
It's the biggest problem, which will affect the surface roughness and mold's life.
It seems to mean that electro-rheological chains still can keep and have elastic property.
Because ER fluid consists of liquid and powder, both of their properties influence the strength of electro-rheological chain.

The biopolymers are typically used as additives of fluids or plugging agents to correct the fluid properties, and this affects the performance and price of oil recovery [15].
The obtained HOMO-LUMO energies helped to study the chemical reactivity properties.
It could be used as plugging agents to correct fluid properties.
Chemical structure and physico-chemical properties of agar.
Effect of nonlinear FG-CNT distribution on mechanical properties of functionally graded nano-composite beam.

Single and multiple enzymes, organelles, whole cells or organisms, slices of animal and/or plant tissue contain many enzymes, various co-factors, antibodies, and antigens that may serve as receptors.
Hence, it is possible to modulate their electronic and mechanical properties.
Recent research has also made attempts to modulate electronic and mechanical properties of polyaniline in order to suit particular applications.
Wallace, Effect of the counterion employed during synthesis on the properties of polypyrrole membranes, J.
Kan, Preparation and properties of an uricase biosensor based on copolymer of o-aminophenol-aniline, Sens.

Positioning Algorithm of Underground Personnel Based on ZigBee Technology Wei Jiang1, a *, Feng Yang2,b 1School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, China 2 School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, China ajiangweicomcn@126.com, byangf@cumtb.edu.cn Keywords: personnel location, ZigBee technology, Gaussian filtering algorithm, Bayesian filtering algorithm.
In order to reduce the injuries and property losses, some of the new technology is gradually applied to the coal mine production.
That is a key factor.
The RSSI signal is easily affected by node environment, and it is sensitive to distance, so it will be error prone if using untreated value.

Electrical Conductivity Research of Inhomogeneous Ceramic-Metal Composites Lichao Feng1, a, Xuemei Yu1,b, Bin Qiao1,c and Yiqiang He1,d 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China a fenglichao33@163.com, b yuxuemei_hit@126.com, c qiaobin@hhit.edu.cn, d ant210@126.com Keywords: composite, electrical conductivity, porosity, percolation theory, hysteresis phenomenon.
However, one of the most important factors of these composite materials, the porosity, is neglected.
Percolation theory is based on the idea that a dramatic property change occurs when a system reaches a critical value, which is called the percolation threshold [9, 10].
The relationship between the electrical conductivity and the porosity can be calculated using the equation , and the exponent n is largely affected by the Cu content.

Choi4,g 1 Digital Printing Division, Digital Media Business, Samsung Electronics, 416 Maetan-3dong Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 443-742, Korea 2 Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction 555 Guigok-dong, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, 641-792, Korea 3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea 4 Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, 19 Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-338, Korea a jochkim@ skku.edu, bamy5826@skku.edu, cyschang7@skku.edu, dboong33@skku.edu, e yjkim50@skku.edu, fmjj@kins.re.kr, gyoung@kins.re.kr Keywords: Fatigue Life Evaluation, Green's Function, Real Operating History Abstract.
The lifetime of nuclear power plant is mostly dependent on the fatigue life of major components, and thus, the exact evaluation of fatigue life on major components are a crucial factor in determining the extension of operating life.
Also, the alternating stress (σalt = (σmax-σmin)/2)) which affects the fatigue life is observed to be higher than that of 3-D finite element analysis.
The important property of the Green's function is that, when suitably defined, it contains all essential informations of the system.
The resulting maximum alternating stress, allowable number of cycles and cumulative usage factor (CUF) at 3 locations are summarized in Table 1.

Thus it has been speculated that explosive ignition by mechanical insults is triggered by a localized conversion of mechanical energy into heat in a small volume (a hot spot).
A mechanical analogy of localized heating is stress concentration at defects that can cause a mechanical failure well below the theoretical strength.
Therefore, the response behavior of explosives is dependent on a variety of factors such as material properties, microstructure, insults, insult types and history, and environment (boundary conditions).
They are mechanical, thermal, electrical, and shock-wave-induced in nature.
Those currently used for munitions design do not incorporate meso- and micro-scopic descriptions of various thermo-physical, chemical and mechanical processes that affect threat response.

Mourelatos b, and Jing Lic Mechanical Engineering Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA a asingh2@oakland.edu, b mourelat@oakland.edu, cli2@oakland.edu Keywords: Design, Lifecycle Cost, Maintenance, Time-dependent Reliability Abstract.
In reality, as time goes on, degradation in the components (e.g. material properties) and stochastic operating conditions (loading, environmental conditions, etc.), cause these products to deliver inconsistent performance and sometimes to even fail prematurely.
This can be achieved by selecting the dimensions and materials so that their possible degradation does not affect the performance of the system.
K., "Dependability-Based Design Optimization of Degrading Engineering Systems," Journal of Mechanical Design, 131, 2009
P., "Time-Dependent Reliability Estimation for Dynamic Problems using a Niching Genetic Algorithm," ASME Journal of Mechanical Design," 131(7), 2009

The excellent mechanical properties of austenitic Fe-Mn-C steels arise basically from two main features [1, 2]: § This steel is fully austenitic in a temperature range from -100°C to +300°C
§ The work hardening coefficient is high (n > 0.4) due to a strong mechanical twinning rate.
At room temperature, the stacking fault energy of austenitic Fe-Mn-C alloys is low enough to put in competition mechanical twinning and dislocation glide.
In the complete form, this relationship gives the triple product s´δ´DGB, where s is the segregation factor.
Whereas the grain size of these grades is the same (2mm), a comparison of the profiles shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5 suggests that the alloying elements affect the respective contribution of bulk and short-circuit in D absorption.