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Product specifications such as size (mass, dimensions), soluble solids, acidity, flavour, etc., are some of the physical, mechanical and chemical properties that may require measurement [4].
The results show clearly that for lower transportation cost factor we reduce the total cost, but the quality level achieved by the food supply chain does not change.
Similarly, for higher transportation cost factors, the results change significantly while maintaining the required quality level.
That does explain how the shelf life of products is affected by temperature deviations during transportation and storage.
In conclusion, the total cost curve is very similar for most transportation cost factors as shown in Figure 6, so transportation cost does not have a considerable impact on total COQ.

Fabrication of superhydrophobic surface can be achieved by either surface modification using mechanical process, surface treatment like coating or by the combination of both.
Heat transfer process is significantly affected by the ease with which the condensate nucleates on surface[3].
The important factors to optimize for an increased HTC are droplet dynamics and the distribution of droplet, because HTC increases as number of droplets increases and also when critical droplet size decreases[7].
This leads to anisotropic wetting[11]and makes HTC of the surface significantly affected by the orientation of the grooves.
Wu, “Anisotropic wetting properties on a precision-ground micro-V-grooved Si surface related to their micro-characterized variables,” J.

Surface roughness can also be used as a direct indication of workpiece mechanical properties including fatigue, surface friction, and fracture resistance[5].
A predictive model may be developed using specified signal properties as inputs, in addition, tool wear must be forecast in real time.
Based on a set of prognostic factors, every decision tree generates response.
Result & Discussion: Feature extraction is a preprocessing step in machine learning that transforms raw data from many signal channels into a collection of statistical properties that machine learning algorithms can comprehend.
Furthermore, in order to retain the primary properties of the investigated models, we have not combined them with other optimization procedures in this study.

They exhibit unique electrical properties, efficient heat conductivity and excellent mechanical strength.
Due to their outstanding physical properties carbon nanotubes are one of nanotech's most promising molecular building blocks.
It is well known that the excellent chemical and physical properties of SWNTs strongly depend on their structural details and therefore on the synthesis process they are grown.
Dreesselhaus, Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, (1998) Imperial College press, London. 10.
Avouris (Eds.), Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (2001) p. 33. 19.

The research effort described here is concerned with developing a maneuvering propulsor for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV's) based on the mechanical design and performance of sunfish pectoral fin.
Second the mechanical properties of the fin rays and membrane that comprise the propulsive surface have been measured.
Scaling Effects on Fin Performance For a fixed fin gait, two non-dimensional parameters that can potentially affect the performance of the fin are the Reynolds number (Re /SU L ν ∞ ∞= ) and Strouhal number (St /SL f U∞= ).
This means that when the size of the fin (length scale) is reduced by a factor of two Reynolds number comes down by a factor of four.
Summary By studying the steady swimming of sunfish and appropriately barrowing the crucial features of its mechanical design and motion, we have developed a bio-robotic fin propulsor with characteristics that are advantageous for propelling and maneuvering AUVs.

All of the results are beneficial for the improvement of fatigue properties of steel.
Ultrasonic impact strengthening treatment technology The mechanisms of ultrasonic impact treatment technology Ultrasonic impact treatment technology[7] is as material surface strengthening technology, the basic principle is that ultrasonic impact needle takes the ultrasonic frequency mechanical vibration of certain amplitude to sample along the surface normal direction.
It can effectively improve the shape of the weld and parent metal transition region, reducing the stress concentration factor, adjust the welding residual stress field.
Most metal materials can use UIT technology to improve the hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength, and other properties.
However, how ultrasonic impact parameter is to affect the material performance is not clear, the UIT parameters which are selected by only relying on test or experience do not necessarily generate the best result, thus restricts the development of the ultrasonic impact technique.

It has competitive advantages such as good quality surface, improved mechanical properties, and dimensional accuracy of the products.
Pre-stress is a very important factor for the bottom corner stress concentration.
To investigate the pre-stress affect on the stress concentration, the tensile stress in the second die on the 8 points defined in fig.10 was compared with a non pre-stressed die.
Akpolat: Journal of mechanical engineering science Vol. 217 (2003), p. 677 [6] M.W.
Yang: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences Vol.32 (1990), p. 277 [9] A.G.

These factors make the new functional materials very promising for magnetically controlled devices like actuators, sensors and magnetic refrigerators working at room temperature.
Relevance of composition for the properties of Ni-Mn-Ga The compositional dependence of the physical properties was mostly investigated for excess Ni concentration in Ni2+x+yMn1−xGa1−y.
In this respect, we note that Ni2.16Mn0.84Ga (TM < TC and e/a = 7.62) and Ni2.19Mn0.81Ga (TM ≈ TC and e/a ≈ 7.64) possess different mechanical properties and, very probably, different martensitic transformation kinetics.
It appears that admixture of iron improves the mechanical properties of Ni2+xMn1−xGa (co-alloying of other transition metals might also be a way to improve the transition temperatures).
In particular, the influence of magnetoelastic coupling on magnetic and structural properties is far from being clear.

The final microstructure of extruded profiles is of great importance for final mechanical properties and, consequentially, the ability to control and predict it is of extreme interest for Academic and Industrial researchers.
Introduction During light alloys extrusion several process parameters are of critical importance in order to control the evolution of final grain size in the profiles: extrusion temperature, ram speed and die design deeply affect the material evolution and consequently the final microstructure.
As discussed in previous works [3, 11] a friction factor of 1 plus sticking condition at the container, punch and die face was used, while the heat transfer coefficient between billet and container/die was set to 11 N/s/mm/°C.

The selection of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals doped with yttria has some important advantages since their properties may be tailored to have different combinations of strength and fracture toughness by changing the microstructure.
This is studied here by looking to the damage induced by spherical indentation with a single load cycle, as well as by application of repeated cyclic contact stresses in Y-TZP after a heat treatment at 1650 °C which is the condition that gives the best combination of mechanical properties.
However, this is not the case for elastic tensile stresses, so that the small cracks generated at the surface by the high elastic stresses can only be extended by the residual inelastic component during loading-unloading until the residual driving stress is lower than the threshold stress intensity factor for fatigue crack growth.
Since the crack has propagated during contact loading, the final residual stress intensity factor should be small and this probably does not strongly affect the above estimation.