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Online since: August 2014
Authors: Tadeusz Nieszporek, Andrzej Piotrowski
The most common of them is by using solar collectors for heating up water in dwelling houses.
Water is heated up in a specially designed tank positioned in a tower surrounded by an arrangement of mirrors.
The mirrors focus solar radiation at a specific point of the tower (the water tank).
The first, more expensive, but more professional solution, is to use small (several-port) PLC controllers with connected sensors.
The tracking system – mechanical construction The construction of the photovoltaic panel has been designed using the Autodesk Inventor Professional software.
Water is heated up in a specially designed tank positioned in a tower surrounded by an arrangement of mirrors.
The mirrors focus solar radiation at a specific point of the tower (the water tank).
The first, more expensive, but more professional solution, is to use small (several-port) PLC controllers with connected sensors.
The tracking system – mechanical construction The construction of the photovoltaic panel has been designed using the Autodesk Inventor Professional software.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Vladimir Erofeev, Vasiliy Smirnov, Elita Balathanova, Aleksandr Matvievskiy, Irina Erofeeva, Ilia Tretiakov, Denis Emelyanov, Vladimir Kalashnikov
Mathematical methods of experiments design allowed us to derive the dependences describing how the bioresistance coefficient, the elastic modulus and the water demand depend on the granulometric composition after 3 and 9 months of aging in the environment of filamentous fungi.
The design matrix and test results after 9 months of aging Test Index Mix composition [mass fraction] Water demand [%] Elastic modulus resist. coef., KE Flexural resist. coef., K'x (Rb ) Compressive resist. coef., K'x (Rc) X1 X2 X3 1 n1 1 0 0 52.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 2 n2 0 1 0 43.3 1.25 0.76 0.83 3 n3 0 0 1 43.3 0.87 0.66 0.73 4 n122 1/3 2/3 0 44.7 1.10 0.64 0.80 5 n133 1/3 0 2/3 45.3 1.32 0.65 1.05 6 n233 0 1/3 2/3 49.3 1.22 0.65 1.20 7 n112 2/3 1/3 0 38.9 0.93 0.80 0.96 8 n113 2/3 0 1/3 44.0 0.78 0.86 1.04 9 n233 0 2/3 1/3 42.0 0.94 0.89 0.86 10 n123 1/3 1/3 1/3 43.3 0.92 0.58 0.99 After the statistical results processing, we obtained the relationships describing how the bioresistance coefficient, the elastic modulus and the water demand depend on the granulometric composition after 3 months of aging in the environment of filamentous fungi: (3) (4) (5) (6) and after 9 months of aging in the environment of filamentous fungi: (7) (8) (9) (10) Following graphic
Elastic modulus (a) resistance coefficient and water demand (b) dependences on granulometric composition after 3 months of aging in the environment of filamentous fungi.
Elastic modulus (a) resistance coefficient and water demand (b) dependences on granulometric composition after 9 months of aging in the environment of filamentous fungi.
Erofeev, Zhelezobetonnye izdelija i konstrukcii: Nauchno-tehnicheskij spravochnik, NPO "Professional", Sankt-Peterburg, 2013
The design matrix and test results after 9 months of aging Test Index Mix composition [mass fraction] Water demand [%] Elastic modulus resist. coef., KE Flexural resist. coef., K'x (Rb ) Compressive resist. coef., K'x (Rc) X1 X2 X3 1 n1 1 0 0 52.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 2 n2 0 1 0 43.3 1.25 0.76 0.83 3 n3 0 0 1 43.3 0.87 0.66 0.73 4 n122 1/3 2/3 0 44.7 1.10 0.64 0.80 5 n133 1/3 0 2/3 45.3 1.32 0.65 1.05 6 n233 0 1/3 2/3 49.3 1.22 0.65 1.20 7 n112 2/3 1/3 0 38.9 0.93 0.80 0.96 8 n113 2/3 0 1/3 44.0 0.78 0.86 1.04 9 n233 0 2/3 1/3 42.0 0.94 0.89 0.86 10 n123 1/3 1/3 1/3 43.3 0.92 0.58 0.99 After the statistical results processing, we obtained the relationships describing how the bioresistance coefficient, the elastic modulus and the water demand depend on the granulometric composition after 3 months of aging in the environment of filamentous fungi: (3) (4) (5) (6) and after 9 months of aging in the environment of filamentous fungi: (7) (8) (9) (10) Following graphic
Elastic modulus (a) resistance coefficient and water demand (b) dependences on granulometric composition after 3 months of aging in the environment of filamentous fungi.
Elastic modulus (a) resistance coefficient and water demand (b) dependences on granulometric composition after 9 months of aging in the environment of filamentous fungi.
Erofeev, Zhelezobetonnye izdelija i konstrukcii: Nauchno-tehnicheskij spravochnik, NPO "Professional", Sankt-Peterburg, 2013
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Wu Di Zhang, Qiu Min Li, Fang Yin, Fa Gen Yang, Xing Ling Zhao, Jing Liu
China
2Baoshan Medium Professional School, Baoshan 678000, P.
Organic fertilizer is release fertilizer, and is conducive to the transformation of the production area of the soil to enhance retain water and nutrients capacity, it not only can reduce the irrigation water, also reduce the leaching of nitrate to the soil to reduce the pollution of groundwater.
and/or insectaries Enhances biodiversity, supports biological pest management, provides wildlife habitat Buffer areas Improves water quality, enhances biodiversity, prevents wind erosion Organic agriculture is good for soil improvement and protection of water environment.
Soil organic matter is essential to the air and water quality.
[14] Biao Xie, Xiaorong Wang, Zhuhong Ding.Soil and Water Conservation.vol2 (2002),p.71-74.
Organic fertilizer is release fertilizer, and is conducive to the transformation of the production area of the soil to enhance retain water and nutrients capacity, it not only can reduce the irrigation water, also reduce the leaching of nitrate to the soil to reduce the pollution of groundwater.
and/or insectaries Enhances biodiversity, supports biological pest management, provides wildlife habitat Buffer areas Improves water quality, enhances biodiversity, prevents wind erosion Organic agriculture is good for soil improvement and protection of water environment.
Soil organic matter is essential to the air and water quality.
[14] Biao Xie, Xiaorong Wang, Zhuhong Ding.Soil and Water Conservation.vol2 (2002),p.71-74.
Online since: August 2009
Authors: Kuo Shan Yao, Chen Yu Chang, Ta Chih Cheng, S.J. Li, K.C. Tzeng, C.Y. Chiu, C.Y. Liao, J.J. Hsu, Z.P. Lin
In
this study, silica nanoparticles were prepared using the water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion method.
However, the operation procedure is time-consuming, expensive and requires professional technicians to operate the instruments.
However, semiconductor nanoparticles are limited in application due to sticking and glistening quantum dots, and poor solubility in water [2, 3].
Subsequently the FSNP were acquired by centrifuging and repeatedly washing three times with ethanol and de-ionized water to remove any surfactant and un-reacted chemicals.
The activation FSNP was obtained through centrifugation at 6,000 rpm for 10 min and then completely washed with deionized water for three times.
However, the operation procedure is time-consuming, expensive and requires professional technicians to operate the instruments.
However, semiconductor nanoparticles are limited in application due to sticking and glistening quantum dots, and poor solubility in water [2, 3].
Subsequently the FSNP were acquired by centrifuging and repeatedly washing three times with ethanol and de-ionized water to remove any surfactant and un-reacted chemicals.
The activation FSNP was obtained through centrifugation at 6,000 rpm for 10 min and then completely washed with deionized water for three times.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Luo Jun Gong, Gui Ping Li, Qian Qian Yan, Lei Wang, Wen Chao Li, Wei Han
Artificial wetland sewage treatment system has the characteristics including adapted to scale flexible, low construction cost and maintenance requirements is not high, Particularly suit for the the rural area where have certain drought or waste land, Lack of financial and professional and technical personnel and the sewage is more dispersed[3].
The early work in design. 1) Determine the discharge water quality standards.
According to the area of the sewage treatment facilities and the requirement of receiving water bodies after the sewage treatment to determine the standard of the effluent standard discharge, in order to determine the level of the sewage treatment facilities. 2) Population surveys, water amount definition, water quality measurement, to determine the scale of construction. 3) Field survey, selected sites.
Water is a precious resource, sewage is also needed to effectively use.
Therefore, in the treatment of sewage discharge, to focus on water to, saving the precious water resource.
The early work in design. 1) Determine the discharge water quality standards.
According to the area of the sewage treatment facilities and the requirement of receiving water bodies after the sewage treatment to determine the standard of the effluent standard discharge, in order to determine the level of the sewage treatment facilities. 2) Population surveys, water amount definition, water quality measurement, to determine the scale of construction. 3) Field survey, selected sites.
Water is a precious resource, sewage is also needed to effectively use.
Therefore, in the treatment of sewage discharge, to focus on water to, saving the precious water resource.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Dragan Jocić, Milan Nikolić, Zoran Nikolić, Predrag Dašić
It produces heating energy distributed by heat water network, which consists of three main water lines to the HTS.
In the HTS the consumed heat energy reading is performed and flow control reading so that all users have a quality heating and domestic hot water.
In heating technology, the term heat exchanger implies the apparatus in which the exchange of steam, warm water or hot water is performed [3].
For forced circulation of water in heat water network circulation pumps are used.
The main form reflects the structure of the hot-water system where, as noted in the first part of the paper, the produced heating energy is distributed to the HTS by hot water pipeline network, which consists of three main pipelines (Fig. 3).
In the HTS the consumed heat energy reading is performed and flow control reading so that all users have a quality heating and domestic hot water.
In heating technology, the term heat exchanger implies the apparatus in which the exchange of steam, warm water or hot water is performed [3].
For forced circulation of water in heat water network circulation pumps are used.
The main form reflects the structure of the hot-water system where, as noted in the first part of the paper, the produced heating energy is distributed to the HTS by hot water pipeline network, which consists of three main pipelines (Fig. 3).
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Qiang He, Hai Nan Ai, Mao Lin Li
Due to this, water phosphate, total nitrogen, ammonia and nitrate were chosen as indicators of water quality.
China Water & Wastewater,2006, 22(23):56-58
China Water & Wastewater, 2007,23(3):27-30
China Water & Wastewater, 2003,19(1):33-36
China Water & Wastewater, 2005,21(7):22-25
China Water & Wastewater,2006, 22(23):56-58
China Water & Wastewater, 2007,23(3):27-30
China Water & Wastewater, 2003,19(1):33-36
China Water & Wastewater, 2005,21(7):22-25
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Yan Li Song, Hong Di Mao, Yue Ren Wang
Water consumption is even in each month.
Water-heat types and distribution in Large general hospital At present, in general public buildings, waste-heat from air conditioning and polluted water is most widely made use of.
Bath water generated by heat recovery units saves around 90% of energy than that generated by boiler[3].
It can also be looked as Auxiliary heat source for heating domestic hot-water, drying laundry clothes and sheets and preheating boiler feed water, etc.
Table 3 Classification Results waste-heat utilization points Grading weights Wash room 0.86492045 Ironing machine 0.798584307 Dryer 0.771939637 Autoclaves 0.824552152 Water supply of air condition 0.852026597 Domestic water 0.887976857 We can see from Table 3 that, under balancing several affecting conditions, the living water is the most valuable for waste-heat utilization, its classification weight is 0.887976857.
Water-heat types and distribution in Large general hospital At present, in general public buildings, waste-heat from air conditioning and polluted water is most widely made use of.
Bath water generated by heat recovery units saves around 90% of energy than that generated by boiler[3].
It can also be looked as Auxiliary heat source for heating domestic hot-water, drying laundry clothes and sheets and preheating boiler feed water, etc.
Table 3 Classification Results waste-heat utilization points Grading weights Wash room 0.86492045 Ironing machine 0.798584307 Dryer 0.771939637 Autoclaves 0.824552152 Water supply of air condition 0.852026597 Domestic water 0.887976857 We can see from Table 3 that, under balancing several affecting conditions, the living water is the most valuable for waste-heat utilization, its classification weight is 0.887976857.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Ping Jiang, Run Hua Tan, Jia Qi Wang, Wei Wang
Engineering problem can use of TRIZ professional language to describe, and can use of TRIZ tools to resolve.
Figure 3: Flow chart about design process Case study JYS - Z electric brush type filter used in the process of industrial wastewater treatment, steel cinder water, power plant process and cooling water, paper processes, chemical production process and irrigation systems, to filter the hard particle from 3,500 to 130 microns diameter in water to ensure the security and reliable operation of the system.
As shown in figure 4, raw water run into the filter body, through the coarse mesh and the fine mesh, and then go through centrifugal axis to decompose wastewater water and clear water.
Functional requirements-FR1: run into raw water FR2: decompose raw water FR3: filtrate clear water FR4: recover clear water FR5: recover sewage water Design parameters-DP1: inlet pipe DP2: coarse mesh DP3: centrifugal axis DP4: steel wire brush DP5: fine mesh DP6: clear water recycling pipe DP7: wastewater recycling equipment Constraint conditions-C1: to filter the hard particle from 3,500 to 130 microns diameter in water C2: to simple structure (consider cost requirements) Figure 4:Working principle diagram of brush type filter AD design matrix: DP1 DP2 DP3 DP4 DP5 DP6 DP7 FR1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 FR2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 FR3 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 FR4 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 FR5 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 3) Make sure the design parameters matrix According to problems analysis, in order to translate from the AD design matrix to parameters matrix, determining main design parameters is significant.
Right now, the main design parameters which produce the problem will remove, but FR3 of filtering clear water affected
Figure 3: Flow chart about design process Case study JYS - Z electric brush type filter used in the process of industrial wastewater treatment, steel cinder water, power plant process and cooling water, paper processes, chemical production process and irrigation systems, to filter the hard particle from 3,500 to 130 microns diameter in water to ensure the security and reliable operation of the system.
As shown in figure 4, raw water run into the filter body, through the coarse mesh and the fine mesh, and then go through centrifugal axis to decompose wastewater water and clear water.
Functional requirements-FR1: run into raw water FR2: decompose raw water FR3: filtrate clear water FR4: recover clear water FR5: recover sewage water Design parameters-DP1: inlet pipe DP2: coarse mesh DP3: centrifugal axis DP4: steel wire brush DP5: fine mesh DP6: clear water recycling pipe DP7: wastewater recycling equipment Constraint conditions-C1: to filter the hard particle from 3,500 to 130 microns diameter in water C2: to simple structure (consider cost requirements) Figure 4:Working principle diagram of brush type filter AD design matrix: DP1 DP2 DP3 DP4 DP5 DP6 DP7 FR1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 FR2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 FR3 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 FR4 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 FR5 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 3) Make sure the design parameters matrix According to problems analysis, in order to translate from the AD design matrix to parameters matrix, determining main design parameters is significant.
Right now, the main design parameters which produce the problem will remove, but FR3 of filtering clear water affected
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Ming Li Liu, Yan Long Liu, Chun Feng Li, Zhao Fa Tang
It existed with water soluble and alcohol soluble.
In order to eliminate water soluble tannin, first oak barrel soaked in water for 2~3 weeks.
Then, pour out the water from the barrel, make barrel mouth downward, and make use of pipe to access into steam heating until out of condensed water is colorless (about 30 minutes).
Finaly, rinse with water and dry with air.
First, the mildew barrels were washed with water, then immersed 10~15 days to make use of 60%~70% alcohol, poured out alcohol, then washed and cleaned with 40~50℃ hot water until tasteless; or ignited sulfur rope inner ladle crane stainless steel keg for 24 hours in the oak barrel, rinse with water, made barrel mouth downward and treated with steam for 30 minutes, then cleaned with water.
In order to eliminate water soluble tannin, first oak barrel soaked in water for 2~3 weeks.
Then, pour out the water from the barrel, make barrel mouth downward, and make use of pipe to access into steam heating until out of condensed water is colorless (about 30 minutes).
Finaly, rinse with water and dry with air.
First, the mildew barrels were washed with water, then immersed 10~15 days to make use of 60%~70% alcohol, poured out alcohol, then washed and cleaned with 40~50℃ hot water until tasteless; or ignited sulfur rope inner ladle crane stainless steel keg for 24 hours in the oak barrel, rinse with water, made barrel mouth downward and treated with steam for 30 minutes, then cleaned with water.