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This system can be applied to extremely cold region. 1 Introduction Long-scale prestressed concrete (PSC) continuous box-girder bridges are universally undergoing the overlarge deformation and cracks with the shortage lifecycle due to long-term overload, loss of prestress and environmental factors.
Temperature is the most common environmental factor which can influence the modal parameter and deformation [9].
The basic principle of HLS is the communicating tube theory--using the property that liquid in interconnected container always desires to keep on the same plane.
The climate feature: four distinct seasons and sunlight and seasonal temperature difference, seriously affects the measurement results.
Scott, et al, Environmental Variability of Modal Properties, Exp.

In terms of a quality of surface smoothness, profile, sharp blaze edge, surface roughness, peak to valley Ry and optical performance of the replica, the PMMA microstructures replicated under the optimal conditions, were ideally identical with those in the mold in dimension, and it was found that the demolding temperature is the most important factor for replication.
The process of this technology is comparably simple, but the mold inserts used for the manufacturing of microstructures themselves are microstructures and therefore sensible against all mechanical influences such as lateral forces induced by the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the mold and the substrate materials [4].
Therefore, in addition to the improvement of the material properties of the mold insert and its design, the molding process has to be performed carefully as possible.
A further condition for a quality of the hot embossed microstructure means that the thermal shrinkage and demolding do not affect any structural deformation compared to the mold structure.
The research on finding optimal molding conditions has been performed [4], but it is not well-introduced how the blazed microstructure and its optical performance are affected by molding error in hot-embossing.

As a result of this structuring, the material was to be additionally stretched on these points to facilitate a change in the component properties.
Fig. 1: Reinforcement of metastable austenitic materials [16] For sheet-metal materials there exist a number of analyses that illustrate the effects of parameters on the martensite development and on the factors of increased strengthening.
By furthering the research of the mechanisms that lead to martensite formation during the forming process, the material properties, and therefore the component properties, can be controlled at points under particular load, by means of localized adjustment or changing of the grain structure.
Voges-Schwieger.: Local martensitic high-strength structure fields - material properties of metastable austenitic steel.
Talonen: Effect of strain-induced α'-martensite transformation on mechanical properties of metastable austenitic stainless steels.

The materials chosen will affect the environment because wall construction strategies influence thermal comfort.
General conceptual framework of the simulation During the modeling stage in the DesignBuilder v7.0.1 software, the properties of the different building elements (Tab. 2) are introduced while constructing the numerical model.
To round off the thermophysical properties of conventional materials already indicated in Table 2, the composition of each building wall is given in Table 3 according to each scenario.
Kriker, "Mechanical properties and hygroscopicity behavior of compressed earth block filled by date palm fibers," Constr Build Mater, vol. 59, pp. 161–168, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.058
Fontaine, "Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Earthen Materials for Construction : a Literature Review," in Terra 2012, XIth International Conference on the Study and Conservation of Earthen Architectural Heritage, Lima, 2012, pp. 1–10

Introduction Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a semi-crystalline polymer and has been extensively used in synthetic fibers and plastics industry due to its excellent spinnability, mechanical properties, heat and chemical resistance, etc.
According to theory of polymer crystallization, the crystallization rate is controlled by two factors: one is free energy by polymer nucleation (related to nuclei formation rate) and the other is activation energy required when polymer chains diffuse to crystallization interface(related to crystal growth rate).
On the other hand, the presence of CB would affect the movement of molecular chains, hinder their access to the lattice and depress the crystallization ability of PET, which are not conducive to PET crystallization.
This is a pair of contradictory factors and the final crystallinity is the competition result of the two factors.
When relative crystallinity is equipotent, the F(T) of PET is greater than that of PET/CB composite, which reveals that CB affects the mechanism of nucleation and crystal growth of PET and accelerates the crystallization rate of PET, in agreement of results of Avrami equation.

Wind Tunnel Experimental Study of Wind Turbine Airfoil Aerodynamic Characteristics Xinzi Tang1, 2, a, Xu Zhang3, b, Ruitao Peng*1, 2, c and Xiongwei Liu2, d 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, China 2School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK 3School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, UK axtang4@uclan.ac.uk, bx.zhang@hert.ac.uk, crtpeng@uclan.ac.uk, dxliu9@uclan.ac.uk Keywords: Wind turbine blade, Airfoil, Aerodynamic, Wind tunnel, Reynolds number.
Although the lift slope and zero-lift-angle remained unchanged as Re number varies for a wing section, the maximum lift and stall properties were greatly affected [1].
On the other hand, there are research works on the Re number below 1×105.It was said that the airfoil aerodynamic properties deteriorate dramatically when the Re number is below 1×105 [6].
The main effect of the buoyancy is considered in the velocity correction in equations (5) and (6) with a factor of [11].

ABS has recently attracted attentions because of its good impact and oil resistance, high mechanical strength at low temperature (-40°{TTP}40 C, excellent processability, such as integrated performance[1].
ABS with hydrophobic and oleophobic property would meet the needs of requirement usage.
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic property of material surface mainly depend on chemical compositions and microstructure of material surface [4].
There were no great breakthroughs in theoretical research such as the mechanism of hydrophobic and oleophobic, and main factor of affection hydrophobic and oleophobic property, thus Wenzel model [23] and Cassie model [24] were built to explain hydrophobic and oleophobic.
In Fig.2, the additive affect surface energy of ABS laminates to a certain extent, lead to change of contact angle with water, but the contact angle still belong to the hydrophilic range.

Also the interfacial properties may be sufficiently different for different joining processes so that composite properties are governed by the interface.
However, due to interdiffusion a degradation of the interfacial properties may result.
The use of thin films allows interfacial properties to account for a larger fraction of the volume of the material; therefore changes in interfacial properties are magnified.
One of these properties that may be different is the electrical resistivity.
For type C kinetics grain boundary diffusion dominates the process with little or no volume diffusion affecting the process.

Box 00200-62000 Nairobi, Kenya 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O.
Domain shift is brought about by factors such as changing operations which alter the distribution of data thus degrading the performance of learned prognostic models.
Physics based models describe degradation in explicit mathematical formulation and thus rely on complete domain knowledge of the mechanical and physical mechanisms of failure.
Weibul-hazard-functions of the RMS, Kurtosis and Shape factor are used to model degradation.
This characteristic is known as monotonicity and is an inherent property of the indicator itself.

Various factors, such as strength of rock masses, initial stress, sectional size and shape of entry, heading approaches and supporting ways and parameters, totally determined scope of EDZ.
Combined testing principle Mono-hole Ultrasonic Wave Experiment Mono-hole ultrasonic wave experiment for detection of EDZ takes full advantages of ultrasonic property.
Relationship between propagation parameters of ultrasonic in rock masses and physical and mechanical properties of rock structure is basic for the in-situ monitoring.
In particular velocity and amplitude attenuation has a great contact with structure properties and crack development in similar rock masses.
The waves produce reflection and refraction while encountering special rock structures like fractures, joint, broken which would cause remarkable changes in its own conductive characteristics and affect properties of the electromagnetic wave propagation.