Search results

Steel is one of a material which is used to manufacture tubular parts for crashworthiness applications.
According to the previous researches, energy absorption can be increased by fill the tubular parts with different density of filler materials or increase the wall thickness of that parts [3-5].
So, this investigation also can be a solution to determine the effects of different density of filler materials and wall thickness of tubular parts towards crush events.
Different volume fractions of both materials are used to manufacture different foam densities as 100, 200 and 300 kg/m3.
Jeelani, Effect of density, microstructure, and strain rate on compression behavior of polymeric foams, Materials Science and Engineering A, 406 (2005) 328–336

When imposing the mechanical power on the piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric material can produce the charge or voltage.
When imposing the voltage on the piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric material can produce the strain and stress.
References [1] FAN Wei,YU Xiaofen.Study on PZT Actuator Creep Characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument.2006, 27(11):1383-1386(IN CHINESE)
[3] Tao Shuai,BAI Hong-bai.Analysis Hysteresis and Influence of Piezoelectric Ceramic Actuators[J].Science Technology and Engineering.2007, 7(24):6428-6430
[6] ZHAO Xinlong ,TAN Tonghong.Intelligent Modeling for Hysteresis Nonlinearity in Piezoceramic Actuator[J].Journal of System Simulation.2006, 18(1):23-25.

Each of these elements and subelements has a cross-section consisting of one material or one composite section (Fig. 1-c), and each of the materials of the cross-section has its constitutive material behaviour law (stress-strain curve).
Dwaikat: Materials and Structures Vol. 43 (2010), p. 1327 [2] T.Z.
Harmathy: Journal of Basic Engineering Vol. 89 (1967), p. 496 [3] G.
Williams-Leir: Fire and Materials Vol. 7 (1983), p. 73 [4] A.
Fike: ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering Vol. 22 (2010), p. 423 [6] M.J.H.

Journal University Science of Technology Beijing, Vol.21(1999),p.285 [5] Deuerlein, Jochen W.
A new method to estimate the leakage amount at the water supply network nodes in the countryside regions//Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012:2386 [7] Chang Kui, Gao Jin-Liang; Yuan Yi-Xing, et al.
Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science), Vol.36(2008), p.43 [8] Hou Xiaodong.
Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006 [10] YU Jing-yang.
The choice of water supply pipe network and tubes material.

Investigations on the long-term deformation behaviors of geotechnical materials under cyclic loading are paid more attention in engineering practice, and accumulated abundant research results.
Liu et al. conducted dynamic triaxial test on cohesionless materials, such as ballast, gangue and so forth, and the plastic deformation laws had been obtained respectively[7].
Journal of the China Railway Society, 31 (2):88-93. (2009) [4] Hou Y.
China Railway Science, 31(1): 1-8. (2010) [6] Bian X.
Journal of southeast university(Natural Science Edition), 35(2):280-283. (2005)

Many supports such as zeolites, silica, alumina, carbon etc. are materials with high surface area, and a catalyst is affixed to them.
The materials were [Fe(NO3)3.9H2O], Fe2O3 obtained from Aldrich chemical, and commercial CNF, supplied by Carbon Nanomaterial Ltd, as well as nitrogen (99.99%) from MOX industry. 3.
Fig. 1: Degradation of different materials such as: CNF, Fe/CNF, and Fe(NO3)3.9H2O 3.2.
[14] K.P. de Jong, Synthesis of supported catalysts, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 4 (1999) 55-62
Kozak, The Thermal Decomposition of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 58 (1999) 647-651

F is a smoke factor, considering mainly the toxicity and density of smoke, materials producing smoke easily, and different kinds of indirect corrosively, etc. 3.
China Safety Science Journal. 17. 4 (2007) [3] Fan Weideng.
Beijing: Science Press. 2004
Fire Science and Technology. 29. 3 (2010) [5] Yi linxin, Wu Lizhi.
China Safety Science Journal. 10. 4 (2000.8)

Materials and Methods Crankshaft deformation coordination equation.
The angle between the beam and the support end I, which is a sum over all these angles with these loads, based on the hypothesis of material’s continuity.
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2014,28(4):1473-1480
International Journal of Automotive Technology,2012,13(2):255−261
JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2015, 34(20): 92-97

Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 50978026, 51078030, and 51278048), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Project No. 8122035), and the China Ministry of Education (Project No. 20100009110014).
Reference [1] Sanjayan G. and Stocks L.J., “Spalling of High-Strength Silica Fume Concrete in Fire”, ACI Materials Journal, March-April, 1993, pp. 170-173
[2] Hertz K.D., “Limits of Spalling of Fire-Exposed Concrete”, Fire Safety Journal , Vol. 38, 2003, pp. 103-116
[4] Janotka I. and Bagel L., “Pore Structures, Permeabilities and Compressive Strengths of Concrete at Temperatures up to 800 °C”, ACI Materials Journal, March-April, 2002, pp. 196-200
[5] Chan Y.N., Peng G.F. and Anson M., “Fire Behavior of High-Performance Concrete Made with Silica Fume at Various Moisture Contents”, ACI Materials Journal, 1999, pp. 405-409

Cladophora has attracted a considerable amount of attention In addition, their large biomass facilitates harvesting for use as raw materials in a range of industrial applications[2].
A number of studies in recent years have employed Cladophora as biological materials, such as adsorption material to prevent and control pollution[3,4,5] and additives in pharmaceuticals [6].
To investigate the biomass of C. glomerata and C. vagabunda, a portion of the samples were randomly selected as materials for the observation of epiphytes and the mucilage comprising EPS.
Ek: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 22 (2004), p.279–286
Hecky: Journal of Phycology Vol. 44 (2008), p.839–854