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Brittleness and grain interface fracture of high Cr and Cr-Mo cast steels can be controlled by moderate contents of aluminum and nitrogen elements plus sustaining temperature out of 900~1200℃ range[6].
Taking logarithm to both side of the above equation, a linear formulation can be obtained as ( ) aBAK ddlg lg +=∆ ; ( ) m/1 21 DRA −= ; mB 1= (2) Similar to the previous measurements for the scattered S- data [17], a probabilistic modeling for considering the scattered test da/d -∆K data under ∆K following lognormal distribution as ( ) aBAK ddlg lg avavav +=∆ ; ( ) aBAK ddlg lg rms rms rms +=∆ ; ( ) aBAK CPCPCP ddlg lg − − − +=∆ ; ( )[ ] rmss1 av 1 AntZAA CP CP −+−= −− ; ( )[ ] rmss1 av 1 BntZBB CP CP −+−= −− (3) where ZP is the percentage of the standard normal distribution at a probability of P; t1-C(ns-2) is the t-distribution function at a significance of 1-C with degree-of-freedom of ns-2 and ns is number of specimens; Aav、Bav、Arms and Brms are material constants, which should be evaluated using the maximum likelihood function of lg∆K following normal distribution in the space of test da/d i-∆Ki data (i=1, 2, …, nd) below ( )rmsrmsavav ,,, BABAL

Shape memory alloy as the high damping material has caught quite a number of attentions, especial TiNi-based shape memory alloys [2].
In this state, the internal friction of specimen derives from the glide of grains and defects under applied stress.

The thermal behaviour of the bulk bioactive glass and of the powdered samples with different grain were studied using SETARAM TG/DTA SETSYS 1750o C rod, with heating rate 10 oC/min up to 1400 oC -in argon atmosphere- and furnace cooling and the weight was in all studied samples about 40mgr.
Because the δTc is proportional to the number of nuclei, the ratio of total surface area to volume decreases with increasing particle size for the same total mass of sample.

It is likely contain a large number of vitreous body.
The reaction can consume Ca(OH)2 crystals and prevent the generation of large-sized grains [19].

The corresponding CPDI is dubbed CPDI-Poly which is obtained simply by sub-dividing a cell into a number of triangles.
It is also a natural choice for applications that exhibit features similar to Voronoi cells such as grains of polycrystalline metals and drying muds.

Table 1 Preparation conditions for the orthogonal test of nano-silver substrate Experimental Conditions Serial number The concentration of KCl [mol·L-1] Oxidation- reduction potential [V(vs.SCE)] Oxidation- reduction potential [V(vs.SCE)] Oxidation- reduction potential [V(vs.SCE)] 1 0.10 0.30/-0.25 0.25/-0.45 0.25/-0.45 2 0.10 0.25/-0.25 0.25/-0.25 0.25/-0.25 3 0.10 0.20/-0.25 0.25/-0.10 0.25/-0.10 4 0.01 0.30/-0.25 0.25/-0.25 0.25/-0.10 5 0.01 0.25/-0.25 0.25/-0.10 0.25/-0.45 6 0.01 0.20/-0.25 0.25/-0.45 0.25/-0.25 7 1.00 0.30/-0.25 0.25/-0.10 0.25/-0.25 8 1.00 0.25/-0.25 0.25/-0.45 0.25/-0.10 9 1.00 0.20/-0.25 0.25/-0.25 0.25/-0.45 Fig. 2 SEM image of No. 2 nano-silver substrate The analysis of enhancement effects with nano-silver substrate prepared in different oxidation-reduction time.
Table 2 The electrochemical test conditions in the presence of KBr Experimental conditions Parameter The first oxidation-reduction The second oxidation-reduction The third oxidation-reduction Oxidation-reduction potential [V(vs.SCE)] 0.25/-0.25 0.25/-0.25 0.25/-0.25 Reaction time[s] 20 100 100 Fig. 3 SEM image of nano-silver pieces(50000 times) As shown in Fig. 3, the nano-silver substrate met the SERS requirements of nano active substrate: regular nano surface was prefect, and the grain size was very uniform; meanwhile, some nanowires could be found, and corrosion hole depth was shallow.

The damage zone on the tensile surface of the sample is shown as Fig.2(c), which contains a number of discontinuous cracks and crack bridging.
SEM examination on microstructure confirmed that the damage at early stage was controlled by inter-grain slipping and cavitation.

Plain weave is the simplest fabric grain which is shown in figure 1 (a) with top, front and side view.
The basic parameters of composite from mechanics tests Number E (GPa) Ultimate Strength /(MPa) Ultimate strain (%) Warp direction 5 1.7±0.3 64.1±2.1 5.3±0.2 Weft direction 5 1.4±0.2 63.4±3.2 6.5±0.3 Design scheme of an eco-power automobile model Figure 3 (a) shows an original design scheme of an eco-power automobile model.

It is estimated that more than half of the cars on the road today ride on alloy rims and the popularity of this wheel style is hard to top for a number of reasons, but there are some potential pitfalls to watch out when an alloy is selected.
While the presence of excess silicon improves age hardening response, it may however reduce the ductility and cause intergranular embrittlement, due to segregation of excess silicon to grain boundaries [1].

Such soft magnetic character is though to be originated because the magnetocrystalline anisotropy vanishes and the very small magnetostriction value when the grain size approaches 10 nm [2,4].
Meydan, , International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, Volume 25, Number 1-4 (2007), p. 441