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The integrity of such welds is influenced by many interacting factors among which the variation of material properties, thermo-mechanical loads and weld induced defects and residual stresses.
• Good quantitative agreement between neutron and synchrotron data was found in the heat affected zone in the ferritic steel.

The rate at which they expire depends on a number of factors.
Even though it looks like a very small amount of power consumption percentage, however, it could affect the extended range of the vehicle.
Architecture in Fig. 3(a) is conventional driveline with clutch to connect or disconnect the power from electric motor while configuration in Fig. 3(b) uses single-gear transmission without clutch to reduce size and weight of mechanical transmission in order to simplify the drive train control.
The control properties, available actions and states are initially defined for the purpose vehicle system.

However, liquid capillary filling in microfluidic channels is a complex process and depends on many different factors, including the channel geometry, the flow pressure [4], the liquid surface tension [5], the contact angle at the channel surface [6], and so on.
Microfluidic devices are commonly fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) since PDMS has mechanical softness, optical transparency and good manufacturability [10, 11].
These suspensions are stable and preserve their properties at extreme temperatures and over a long period of time.
The operating temperature has a critical effect on the viscosity of ferrofluids, and therefore also affects the flow velocity.

Introduction The most promising Nb/Nb5Si3 systems superalloys are attractive for the manufacture of the new turbine blades because it is chemically stable to 1660°C and exhibits very good mechanical properties both at room and elevated temperatures [1,2].
But the critical value is affected by many factors as Ti content and difficult to be determined.

Introduction β-Sialon (Si6-zAlzOzN8-z, 0 < z ≤ 4.2), a solid solution of β-Si3N4 with Si-N bonds partially substituted by the Al-O bonds, possesses a hexagonal lattice structure and elongated morphology [1], which renders β-Sialon many excellent properties, such as high mechanical strength, high fracture toughness, chemical inertness, and good thermal shock resistance and wear resistance.
It can be seen that the on-set oxidizing temperature of β-Sialon was greatly affected by the heating rate.
The oxidation activation energy of the as-prepared β-Sialon powders was calculated by a differential isoconversional method using the Friedman-Reich- Levi model, (4) Where α is conversion ratio, β is heating rate, E is oxidation activation energy, A is preexponential factor, f(α) is the differential form of the mechanism function, and dα/dT is degradation rate.
The standard differential form of the non-isothermal dynamic equation (Eq. 6) was further used to determine the mechanism function of the oxidation, (6) Where α is conversion ratio, β heating rate, Ea activation energy, A preexponential factor, F(α) integral form of the oxidation mechanism function, and P(u) temperature integral.

Conditions of the smelting technological process with the use of VIM method are developed in detail for specific metals and alloys as well as their required properties.
However, many studies have shown that this value depends on a lot of factors, i.e. density and viscosity of the metal as well as the electrical parameters of furnace operation, including current frequency, device power and current intensity in the induction coil [7, 8].
The contribution of resistance related to evaporation to the overall process resistance depending on the pressure Conclusions Based on the experiments, it can be demonstrated that both the process temperature and the working pressure of the device significantly affect aluminium elimination from the Ti-Al alloy during smelting in a VIM furnace.
Blacha: Influence of the geometry of the arrangement inductor-crucible to the velocity of the transport of mass in the liquid metallic phase mixed inductive, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 11 (2011) 171-179

PVA is much cheaper and higher mechanical properties compared to PVP [18–20].
Non-toxic properties of PVA make these polymers are safe to use on a larger scale [21].
Kim, Silver nanowire based flexible electrodes with improved properties: High conductivity, transparency, adhesion and low haze, Mater.
Ping, Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) interpenetrating polymer network : synthesis and pervaporation properties, J.
May, Preparation and optical properties of silver nanowires and silver-nanowire thin films, J.

Investigation of Cleavage Fracture Behavior in Notched Specimens of a low Alloy Hot Rolled Steel 16MnR Yanguo Liu1, a,* 1 Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou, china aliuyanguo68@163.com, *correspondence author Keywords: hot rolled steel, notched specimens, inclusion particles, fracture behavior.
The yield strength sy can be obtained from the tensile curve, and the work hardening index n and the work hardening coefficient K can be obtained from the power exponent relational expression of hardening, s=Ke n, providing material property parameters for finite element analysis.
Results 3.1 Tensile test results The mechanical parameters of low-alloy hot-rolled 16MnR steel material measured from standard tensile tests are listed in Table 1.
(a) −196℃ (b) −130℃ Fig. 4 The microscopic graph in front of the survived notch in double-notch specimen. 3.4 Results of FEM and 4PB mechanical properties Fig.5 shows the stress and strain distribution of the front notch end at different loads calculated by FEM, and then the corresponding critical normal stress sy and the critical plastic strain e pc when the cleavage fracture occurs at the crack initiation can be determined, and the values are listed in Table 2.
This is SIC crack initiation, in which the strip crack promotes the fracture. 4.2 Effect of temperature on cleavage fracture initiation type The temperature affects the type of cleavage fracture initiation significantly, and the IC crack initiation changes into SIC crack initiation when the temperature is increased.

Over the last few decades convincing evidence has been collected demonstrating that the oxide reliability is most seriously affected by hole trapping into defects.
This speculation has been supported by a number of similarities in the defect properties [6, 10].
However, it differs from defect to defect, implying that it is related to certain defect properties.
For instance, the McWhorter model [1] extends the SRH approach by a WKB factor in order to account for the tunneling effect.
Defects with this property are held responsible for tRTN.

The Tocantins state has the lowest concentration of this type of property, adding only 5,447 apartments.
The regulation considers as mechanical devices, the blinds, ventilated sills (air intakes which affect cross-ventilation), the wind towers (extraction ducts), as well as external openings through windows.
In this model, the thermal comfort index given includes the influence of environmental parameters and those relating to thermal perception, obtained on the basis of field studies and complemented by sociological factors.
Among the factors that allow this tolerance limit of temperature variation on comfort zone, are the processes of adaptation of the users to the environment and their possibility to look for the place with the best ventilation designed by the equipment.
It is possible to observe in the analysis of Table 15, a reduction in financial cost of structural armour, in percentages, between 11.4% and 12.2%; for the volume of concrete foundations a reduction between 32.0% and 35.6%, and finally, a reduction of load on the foundations between 15.5% and 16.4%, factors of extreme relevance to civil engineering.