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Design and Development of Electro-Discharge Drilling Process Abhishek Singha, Pradeep Kumarb, Inderdeep Singh c Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee - 247667, INDIA aabhirojs@gmail.com, bKumarfme@iitr.ernet.in, cinderfme@iitr.ernet.in Keywords: EDD process, MRR, MMCs.
They have studied effect of current, voltage, pulse on-time and duty factor on grinding forces and MRR.
Yan et al. [9] reported that electrical parameters significantly affect than the non-electrical parameters and focused on Al2O3/6061Al composite using rotary electro discharge machining with a tube electrode.
Material taken is [7075-T6] Al alloy, which has the following properties: Density = 2.7 Mg/m3; Shear modulus = 70 Gpa; Young’s modulus = 70 GPa; Yield stress = 500 GPa.

Introduction The environment is increasingly being affected by pollution, and one of the most serious forms of pollution is chemical in nature: oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions from various industrial processes, containing inorganic or organic compounds that are effectively detrimental to organic life [1-3].
Among the oil-adsorbent materials, the most widely used are natural inorganic mineral products, because of their high ion exchange capacity, large surface area, swelling properties, and strong adsorption capacities [8,9].
Solid Nomenclature Natural Bofe Clay NBC Organoclay (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride CTAC) OC Factorial experimental design A two-level factorial experimental design with three replicates in the central point was applied in order to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the influence of individual factor on the variables being analyzed.
The set (emulsion oil–water/clay) was kept under mechanical ranging from 100 to 200 rpm for 6 h to ensure the system equilibrium [9].

One could use transponder and its physical properties as a sensing element (impact of different environmental condition for transponder antenna detuning, phase and strength changing of backscattered signal).
Sensors based on RFID transponders First approach, applied in design procedure of new type of passive sensors, is connected with using the impact of different factors for communication between the reader and the transponder.
Generally these factors, treated as disadvantages of communication system based on RFID technology, are crucial in application connected with sensing of environmental conditions.
After noticing some of the features of fabrication of conductive traces on ROBAX substrate, like for instance shrinkage of traces by annealing, we have decided to develop model with wider tracks, using screen with larger mesh factor (initial concerns about spillage of tracks by annealing have been canceled), backed with thicker foil, which affected more accurate mapping of screen traces on substrate, due to thicker tracks.
Fig. 4 Graphical User Interface of developed reader software Discussion Crack damage sensor developed by us belongs to the group of sensors, which operating principle is based on the impact of external factors on communication between reader and transponder.

So, for defect two-dimensional barcode, the method is difficult to ensure the barcode image to its original state, which will affect the accuracy of the information decoded.
In order to compensate for the scale differences between images, add scale factor in Marr wavelet： (10) The extracted result of the local maxima after adding the scale factor is shown as fig. 7(c).
So we can think that the join of scale factor will well offset the influence of the scale change.
With the property, when the image local entropy difference is less than the given threshold , we can take the entropy in the larger size of the window to search for the best matching.
References [1] WANG Su-an, HE Wei-ping and ZHANG Wei: China Mechanical Engineering, 2007(6): 676-680.

McFadden 3 1 University of Bristol, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Queen’s Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK. simon.neild@bristol.ac.uk 2 University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK. martin.williams@eng.ox.ac.uk 3 University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK. peter.mcfadden@eng.ox.ac.uk Keywords: Sensors and measurement strategies; strain gauges; hysteresis measurements.
It is vital that the pick-up does not move between tests as its position will affect the natural frequency of the wire – this effect will be cancelled out so long as the position is exactly the same in all tests, including the initial zero reading.
The results show a high degree of linearity and give a gauge factor of G = 1.259 × 109 s 2.
In what follows, different damage levels are denoted by Dn where n is the number of 1500 N increments. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 x 10 4 applied strain (x10 −6 ) predicted strain / gauge factor data points line fit Figure 3.
It can be seen that there is a slight increase in the non-linear stiffness properties of the beam with damage level, with the exception of the highest damage level, D10, where there is a flattening of the hysteresis loop on its lower side.

The alloys based on γ-TiAl have attractive properties as light weight heat-resisting material.
Introduction The alloys based on γ-TiAl have attractive properties as light weight heat-resisting material due to their low density and high strength at elevated temperatures.
Another factor leading to a poor oxidation resistance of the alloy is a scale spallation during cooling.
This may affect the scale spallation observed in TiAl based alloys with Zr, the detail is not clarified yet.
The engineering TiAl based alloy usually contains Nb to improve the mechanical properties as well as the oxidation resistance.　

For example, the natural sediment is hard to be prepared according to the particle size scale and cannot meet the similarity requirement; the plastic sediment is easy to slide, of small submarine rest angle, poor hydrophilicity and difficult forming and expensive; the clean coal is of unstable physical-chemical properties and often has refining and flocculation phenomenons to make the test result distort[1].
Therefore, strengthening the development of model sediment and finding some light sediments, which have stable physical-chemical properties, not including viscosity, unit weight and particle size, are capable of manual adjustment and cheap, have long been the direction of the research conducted by scholars at home and abroad.
Based on the previous researches and practices, the author carried out experimental studies on the physical and motion characteristics of bamboo powder model sediment by using various technical means. 1 Physical characteristics of bamboo powder model sediment The bamboo powders used in this test came from Xuancheng, Anhui, which were obtained from natural moso bamboo after mechanical pulverization.
As there was clearance in the bamboo powder particle and the moisture content in the clearance would affect the unit weight, therefore, the particle unit weight referred to the weight per unit volume under saturated moisture content of particle clearance and no moisture content was on the particle surface.
Compared with the single particle settling velocity, the group settling of model sediment was complicated and other factors including sediment concentration and water quality could not be ignored in addition to the particle size of model sediment.

Some properties like durability, good stability to degradation, lightweight, and low cost make them an idoneous material.
It is reported that more than a half of plastics waste ends up on the environment and thus, making the soil and water two of the most affected environments by these pollutants [2].
As well as photo-Fenton degradation showed that the irradiation using a solar simulator promotes a better degradation of the PA6.6 microplastics than with the use of natural solar irradiation which become the irradiation intensity one of the principal factors that influence the process under the experimental conditions tested.
Velasco-Santos, Effects on the thermo-mechanical and crystallinity properties of nylon 6,6 electrospun fibres reinforced with one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) carbon, Materials (Basel). 6 (2013) 3494–3513
Yu, Transient Confinement of the Quaternary Tetramethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate Salt in Nylon 6 , 6 Fibres : Structural Developments for High Performance Properties, Materials, 14 (2021) 2938

Because dry-film coating method affects the lube uniformity and thickness, the spray method was used to coat the lube to the steel sample, then drying on the air.
The uniformity and the thickness of coating layer become the important factor for the good performance of dry-film.
Numerical Technique for Computing RotorDynam IC Properties of Mechanical Gas Face Seals .ASME J Tribol, 2002, 124:755-761

Bubbles in a tube/vessel affect the flow in that tube/vessel.
The diameter, D, of these tubes may be sized relative to one another, in accordance with (5) where αD is the scale factor or design rule (e.g., for parent and daughter tubes of same size, αD =1).
Yeh, Mechanical bioeffects of acoustic droplet vaporization in vessel-mimicking phantoms, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 21 (2014) 1866-1874
Mujumdar, Transport phenomena and properties in treelike networks, Applied Mechanics Reviews 68 (2016) 040802-1–040802-17 [19] A.