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Online since: March 2015
Authors: V.V. Sagaradze, S.V. Afanas’ev
Figs. 1 and 2 display data on the structure of the samples of the 0.4C-18Mn-2Si-2V steel that were aged and cold-deformed (by 4.7%) by bending at 20°C (foils for ТЕМ analysis were cut from sample parts that were located near the outer surface of the sample and were extended upon bending).
Table 4 presents data on the mechanical properties of the steels subjected to a total deformation of 82-92% at 400°C.
Table 5 presents data on the amounts of the initial cold deformation of the ribbons by bending (e), the residual deformation after the completion of the ε-γ transformation upon heating eres, the total reversible deformation eSME, and the percentage of the shape recovery.
The X-ray data (Fig. 19) show that the amount of austenite on the specimen surface declines and the amount of the ε phase grows to almost 95% with increasing the number of bendings.
The data presented in [24] show that the dynamic equilibrium between the γ→ε and ε→γ transformations sets in at each deformation temperature.
Table 4 presents data on the mechanical properties of the steels subjected to a total deformation of 82-92% at 400°C.
Table 5 presents data on the amounts of the initial cold deformation of the ribbons by bending (e), the residual deformation after the completion of the ε-γ transformation upon heating eres, the total reversible deformation eSME, and the percentage of the shape recovery.
The X-ray data (Fig. 19) show that the amount of austenite on the specimen surface declines and the amount of the ε phase grows to almost 95% with increasing the number of bendings.
The data presented in [24] show that the dynamic equilibrium between the γ→ε and ε→γ transformations sets in at each deformation temperature.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Pei Jun Li, Zong Qiang Gong, Ling Zhi Liu, Yu Long Zhang
At the high Cd addition level, mycorrhizal plants reacted differently in the reduction of the contents of MDA, by influencing the soluble sugar, POD activity, SOD activity and so on.
Statistical analysis Data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the effects of AMF inoculation and Cd addition levels in the experiment.
Prior to statistical analysis, data were log-transformed as necessary to satisfy the assumptions of the ANOVA.
Generally, mycorrhizae increased the shoot biomass in plants with lower root to shoot ratio under Cd stress (data no shown), idicating that mycorrhizal formation may affect the nutritional distribution in plants.
Statistical analysis Data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the effects of AMF inoculation and Cd addition levels in the experiment.
Prior to statistical analysis, data were log-transformed as necessary to satisfy the assumptions of the ANOVA.
Generally, mycorrhizae increased the shoot biomass in plants with lower root to shoot ratio under Cd stress (data no shown), idicating that mycorrhizal formation may affect the nutritional distribution in plants.
Online since: November 2010
Authors: Hubert Pollock
Data analysis issues
The "needle in a haystack" problem.
Next we turn to the question of data analysis.
Each raw data spectrum presents data from a single sample, but of course involves all the wavenumber variables.
Our preference is use PCA for preliminary data reduction and to process the output using discriminant analysis (LDA), which is a "supervised" method in that a priori classes derived from PCA or from prior knowledge are pre-allocated.
After validation of the model, it is used to test the remaining data.
Next we turn to the question of data analysis.
Each raw data spectrum presents data from a single sample, but of course involves all the wavenumber variables.
Our preference is use PCA for preliminary data reduction and to process the output using discriminant analysis (LDA), which is a "supervised" method in that a priori classes derived from PCA or from prior knowledge are pre-allocated.
After validation of the model, it is used to test the remaining data.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Ya Kuan Chou, Tien Li Chen
As the web data from Environmental Protection Administration Executive Yuan, R.O.C.
Based on the traditional lifecycle evaluation, SLCA (Simplified LCA) reduces the boundary and requirements for evaluative data in order to simultaneously achieve the simplification and reduction in costs and time.
[9] Steen, B: EPS Version 2000-Model and data of the default mothod.
Based on the traditional lifecycle evaluation, SLCA (Simplified LCA) reduces the boundary and requirements for evaluative data in order to simultaneously achieve the simplification and reduction in costs and time.
[9] Steen, B: EPS Version 2000-Model and data of the default mothod.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Yang Wang, Xiao Ping Zhang
Experimental results showed the localization effects were better than only using any one kind of data.
We firstly select several sample locations in localization area and orderly place a simulated source in each sample location to record acoustic energy measurement data by sensor nodes.
Using the recorded measurement data in each sample location to construct feature vector and inputting the vector into LSSVR models, general localization effects in all sample locations can be evaluated and regarded as evaluation criterion of modeling parameter values.
(3)SNR reduction has less affects on ALVP-LRL method than MLE method.
We firstly select several sample locations in localization area and orderly place a simulated source in each sample location to record acoustic energy measurement data by sensor nodes.
Using the recorded measurement data in each sample location to construct feature vector and inputting the vector into LSSVR models, general localization effects in all sample locations can be evaluated and regarded as evaluation criterion of modeling parameter values.
(3)SNR reduction has less affects on ALVP-LRL method than MLE method.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Eduardo Rodríguez, Cristina Martín, José Luis Cortizo, Julio Guirao, José Manuel Sierra
The measured data are used to calculate the original residual stresses.
The measured data contain errors, so fitting and cleaning the measured surface is essential to get good results.
The data reduction was made using Matlab [8], a software package well suited to matrix manipulation.
The measured data contain errors, so fitting and cleaning the measured surface is essential to get good results.
The data reduction was made using Matlab [8], a software package well suited to matrix manipulation.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Bao Min Sun
In the technology conditions remain unchanged, under the prerequisite of one country resources means that the country the reduction of the number of total grain output and supply drop; And a decrease in the level of agricultural production technology means that the same input can only get fewer food production.
From the statistical data to see, grain production more frequent fluctuations in state farm of Heilongjiang province, and individual year volatile, but in the long run, it is the trend of steady rise.
Using the data of 1949-2009,60 years of time series data, for the independent time variable (t), food production for the dependent variable (Y) make linear regression analysis, According to the forecast results in state farms of Heilongjiang province, the average grain yield was an increase of 1.142 million tons, the predicted values and the error between the actual production take confidence interval 95%, food production and actual predicted yield no more than 31000 tons.
From the statistical data to see, grain production more frequent fluctuations in state farm of Heilongjiang province, and individual year volatile, but in the long run, it is the trend of steady rise.
Using the data of 1949-2009,60 years of time series data, for the independent time variable (t), food production for the dependent variable (Y) make linear regression analysis, According to the forecast results in state farms of Heilongjiang province, the average grain yield was an increase of 1.142 million tons, the predicted values and the error between the actual production take confidence interval 95%, food production and actual predicted yield no more than 31000 tons.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Feng Gao, Ying Xin Ge, Yun Yi Liu, Huai Yu Sun, Xiang Zhang
It is essential that an experimental design methodology be economical for extracting the maximum amount of complex in- formation, a significant reduction in experimental time, saving both material and personnel cost.
RSM approach consists of designing experiments to provide adequate and reliable measurements of the response, developing a mathematical model having the best fit to the data, obtained from the experimental design, and determining the optimal value of the independent variables that produces a maximum or minimum response.
Experimental data have been optimized in order to find every parameters synergy law to SiO2 extracting rate and relevant process mathematics model will be established to provide scientific basis for industrial production.
The analysis of variance (F-value) shows that the quadratic model is well adjusted to the experimental data.
RSM approach consists of designing experiments to provide adequate and reliable measurements of the response, developing a mathematical model having the best fit to the data, obtained from the experimental design, and determining the optimal value of the independent variables that produces a maximum or minimum response.
Experimental data have been optimized in order to find every parameters synergy law to SiO2 extracting rate and relevant process mathematics model will be established to provide scientific basis for industrial production.
The analysis of variance (F-value) shows that the quadratic model is well adjusted to the experimental data.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Nor Azwadi Che Sidik, Nur Hamizah Mohamad Yusoff
For inlet type in the other hand, external data is needed.
The data of boundary layer velocities, kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation for different Reynolds number are extracted from wind tunnel measurement by Allegrini et al. [1].
These data are then saved as profile type and extracted to FLUENT.
Viewing from building aspect, the ratio of wind velocity at backwind building to upwind building decreased with the reduction of aspect ratio and Reynolds number.
The data of boundary layer velocities, kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation for different Reynolds number are extracted from wind tunnel measurement by Allegrini et al. [1].
These data are then saved as profile type and extracted to FLUENT.
Viewing from building aspect, the ratio of wind velocity at backwind building to upwind building decreased with the reduction of aspect ratio and Reynolds number.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Giulia Canton, Gobind Bisht, Lawrence Kulinsky, Marc Madou
This technique, known as Low Voltage Near-Field Electrospinning (LVNFES), allows for a more dramatic reduction ofjet instabilitiesand increases patterning and dimensional control of the fibers [5].Figure 2shows aschematic of the LVNFES setupwith theperturbation free electrospinning jet.
Preliminary data on controlled oxygen plasma etching havebeen collected on carbonizedpolyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, which are deposited using FFES and suspended on the SU-8 electrodes shown in Figure 4.
The data collected from the SEM imager are plotted in Figure 7c, which shows the carbon nanofibers etching rate at a constant power of 70W.
Preliminary data at 70W.
Preliminary data on controlled oxygen plasma etching havebeen collected on carbonizedpolyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, which are deposited using FFES and suspended on the SU-8 electrodes shown in Figure 4.
The data collected from the SEM imager are plotted in Figure 7c, which shows the carbon nanofibers etching rate at a constant power of 70W.
Preliminary data at 70W.