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Nowadays, an increasing number of studies are focused on Mg and Ti.
From the in-plane view of the Ti substrate/oxide composite, it can be remarkable that the size of the grain is very fine.

The main purpose of the work was to elaborate of a method allowing to control numbers and morphology of the second intermetallic phase in the Zn-Cu-Ti single crystals and in consequence possibilities to produce structures with precisely defined properties.
After crossing this critical rate, the resulting structure were columnar grains elongated in the growth direction.

Thickness of the TPL and the amount of cement for the preparation of fine-grained concrete were optimized, see Tab. 1.
Tab. 2 The experimental plan Series number Coded values values Actual values Coded values X1 X2 X1 X2 1 -1 -1 15 360 7 0 -1 30 360 3 1 -1 45 360 4 -1 0 15 500 5 0 0 30 500 6 1 0 45 500 7 -1 1 15 640 8 0 1 30 640 9 1 1 45 640 10 Control sample Samples preparation and test methods Concrete mixes were prepared according to the previously developed technology in laboratory mixer.

However, investigations of the boundary properties and accommodation processes in the bulk of the fine-grained material are hindered by the experimental difficulties.
The brittleness of the interface indicates the accumulation of a large number of stable defects such as microcracks on the interfaces after plastic deformation.

.                (4) where n = number of time interval iterations (t); k = thermal conductivity of solid state if the nodal temperature is below the fusion temperature; k = effective thermal conductivity (keff) if the nodal temperature is above the fusion temperature.
At high scanning speed during LSR of 304 AISI samples, which is the case of the present work, Akgun and Inal [16] reported in their work that because dendritic growth follows substrate grain direction, dendrites can reach the surface with no or minimum disruption by their neighbors, thus resulting in a more uniformly oriented structure.

Table 1: Space Groups, Atomic positions (Wyckoff positions), number of formula unit per unit cell (Z) in MgZn2 and MgCu2 type of structures.
The measurement has been performed at 30 oC after activation at 150 o C (vacuum before measurement) to obtain activated grains.

Glass-ceramics are fine-grained polycrystalline materials formed through the nucleation and controlled crystallization of a glass of a suitable composition [1].
This behavior can be explained analyzing Eq. 3, that shows the relationship between the Tp from the DTA and N, the number of nuclei per volume unit in a glass [11]: ln N = mEa/RTp + cte (3) where m is the dimensionality of the crystal growth.

Naturally, the number of oxygen vacancies in the perovskite lattice y must decrease depending on the Fe 4+ cations content.
Electron microscopy data confirmed a dense microstructure of the samples prepared, with the average size of isometric grains decreasing from 2-5 µm to 1-2 µm in samples I and from 10-30 µm to 3-5 µm in samples II when x increased from 0 to 0.5, respectively.

The Shrinkage in Ductile Cast Iron The shrinkage and porosity formation in nodular depends on a number of importance factors.
The effect of the molding materials and mold wall dilatations on the shrinkage of the cast is great than that in other alloys, the mold wall dilatations depends on the type of sand, grain distribution, mold/core density, binding agent and thermal expansion.

According to the principle of dynamics, the transfer function of the "constant" pressure landform detector system can be deduced as follows: (1) In the Eq.1, Zr is the tooth number of rotor of the stepping motor, k is torsional stiffness of the lead screw pair, km is the torque constant of the motor, kc is the voltage conversion coefficient, kp is the voltage amplification coefficient, L is the lead of the lead screw, ia is the current of the phase a (the phase a, b, and c are the same), d is the diameter of the depth-control wheel, b is the width of the depth-control wheel, J is the total inertia of the stepping motor and its load, D is the viscous friction coefficient, JD is the equivalent inertia moment of the system, KB is the damping coefficient of the lead screw pair, η is the transmission efficiency of the lead screw, k is the proportion coefficient of the force transducer.
The hard wood land configuration and gravelly soil land form were adopted to carry out the detecting experiment, and the gradation of grain of the gravelly soil was the same as that of the ore bearing sandy soil.