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Figure 2 shows how this hierarchy is broken down into mappings of vertical type (PS, SP, PP) and lateral type, the latter involving a reduction of order of the material representation to affect a reduction of the degrees of freedom.
(noise and control factors) � Unparameterizable: random microstructure Model Parameter Uncertainty (parameter uncertainty) � Incomplete knowledge of model parameters due to insufficient or inaccurate data Model Structural Uncertainty (model uncertainty) � Uncertain structure of a model due to insufficient knowledge (approximations and simplifications) about a system.
Type III robust design is typically required to manage (a) y = f(x,z) x= Control Factors z= Noise Factors y= Responses TYPE III: Uncertainty in function relationship between control/noise and response • Natural system randomness due to unparameterizable variability (natural uncertainty) • Simplifying assumptions (model structure uncertainty) • Limited data (model parameter uncertainty) TYPE III: Uncertainty in function relationship between control/noise and response • Natural system randomness due to unparameterizable variability (natural uncertainty) • Simplifying assumptions (model structure uncertainty) • Limited data (model parameter uncertainty) TYPE I: Natural Uncertainty in system variables that designer cannot control • Variability in boundary conditions • Operating conditions TYPE I: Natural Uncertainty in system variables that designer cannot control • Variability in boundary conditions • Operating conditions TYPE II: Natural uncertainty
Three types of robust design, including insensitivity to uncertainty in noise factors (Type I) and control factors (design variables) (Type II), as well as uncerainty in models (PS and SP) and microstructure (Type III) [15]. inherent variability that is difficult or impossible to parameterize, such as stochastic microstructure, (b) limited data, and (c) limited knowledge in new domains such as a new class of microstructures, as shown in Fig. 5.

Although anodisation was done at the times of 10-30 min in each electrolyte, the optimal times for maximal photocatalytic performance (data not shown) observed to be 10 min in 2 M H2SO4 and 15 min in 2 M H3PO4.
There was a slight reduction in the TiO2 peak heights for the plates anodised in H3PO4, suggesting that this film was slightly thicker.
These data show that the sample anodised in H2SO4 is rougher than that of the sample anodised in H3PO4.
It can be seen that the sample anodised in H2SO4 resulted in ~15% degradation while the sample anodised in H3PO4 was considerably more effective with ~42% degradation These data represent another contradiction in that the former sample would have been expected to exhibit superior performance owing to its greater roughness (and hence surface area) and the presence of mixed anatase-rutile, which is considered to enhance the efficiency [23].
These data parallel those of Figure 4, although the extents of degradation are considerably less.

Comparing the results of thermodynamic calculations with specific experimental data, such as for Mg + NaNO3 mixtures widely used in various pyrotechnic products [2], with combustion temperatures reaching 2000…4000 K, differences between them do not exceed 10…15%.
From the calculated data on the influence of paraffin and NaF additives on the maximum combustion temperature of the mixtures, it can be observed that increasing the paraffin content to εp = 0.2 leads to a reduction in Тсmax by 1.3...1.4 times, while increasing the NaF content to εf =0.02 results in an increase in Тсmax by 1.2...1.3 times.
To create such a database, it is necessary to systematize the provided computational data into straightforward statistical models that are convenient for practical assessments.
This will lead to a reduction in the fire hazard posed by pyrotechnic products that prematurely ignite due to external thermal influences.
As a result of the conducted thermodynamic calculations, new data on the dependencies of the main characteristics of the combustion process of pyrotechnic mixtures Mg + NaNO3 + paraffin + NaF and Al + NaNO3 + paraffin + NaF (combustion product temperatures (Tc, K), content of high-temperature condensate in them (gсMg, gсAl ) and unoxidized metal gMgс, gAlс)) on the excess oxidizer coefficient (α), paraffin addition (εp), and NaF addition (εf): Mg + NaNO3 + paraffin + NaF mixture

The measured input/output data is the major source of data for understanding system degradation behavior.
Maintenance data gathered by many organizations under different environmental and operating conditions is often used as inputs to the PoF models for estimation of the degradation in a systems[1], while maintenance data may contain data for unscheduled removals, component replacements, in process failures and rework and it may also contain data for different intermittent failures.
ML incorporates statistical and probability theory in addition to data preprocessing, dimensionality reduction by compression and transformations, feature extraction, and cleaning.
For a legacy product, the training data can be obtained from the historical data of the monitored product.
The training data can also be selected from the initial healthy state of the monitored product itself if the historical data is unavailable.

Production data indicate that the control accuracy of high-strength strip is improved, also the wear of back-up roll.
As the reduction of strip width, the adjusting ability on roll gap crown of CVC shift is also sharply decreased [2].
Seeing from the statistical data of flatness control accuracy during test, the new roll profile configuration got significant effect of flatness control: the proportion of 0～6IU in flatness control accuracy of high-strength strip increased from 96.89％ to 98.90％, among it the proportion of 0～3IU increased from 83.71％ to 90.86％
The data show that the VCL+ back-up roll has even wearing along the length direction of roll, shown in Fig.6.

These showed that there would be a reduction in residual displacement and the earthquake caused forces while using reinforced soil.
Despite all the various researches undertaken and the theoretical and practical data concerning the properties of the soil located behind the retaining walls and its influence on the lateral forces created by earthquake, the authors of this article have not found large scale experiments on the mixture of soil and granulated rubber.
As suggested by Kokusho 1980 [38], the 11th cycle output data was used for calculation and diagram layout.
Using regression analysis on obtained laboratory experimental data (G and γ), and equation (1), the values of Gmax and γr are evaluated and the results are plotted in Figure (4) and Figure (5).
[43] Darendeli Mehmet B., Development of a New Family of Normalized Modulus Reduction and Material Damping Curves, Ph.D.

XRD pattern of ZnO thin film with JCPDS card data, (b) VESTA structure of ZnO on Si substrate, (c) XRD pattern of MoS2/ZnO thin film heterostructure and (d) VESTA structure of MoS2/ZnO thin film heterostructure on Si substrate.
X’pert Highscore databases (JCPDS # 01–075-1533 and JCPDS # 01–074-0932) match with the XRD data of ZnO and MoS2, respectively.
The magnetic field aligned the magnetic moments in ZnO, which resulted in the reduction of the charge carrier scattering mechanism.
In addition, the magnetic moment aligned in the direction of applied magnetic field along with the reduction of depletion region.
Manduchi, Robust Indoor Pedestrian Backtracking Using Magnetic Signatures and Inertial Data, IPIN (2024) 1-6

Phipps, "Eddy-Current Cladding Integrity Testing and Data Analysis," Hot Cell Examination and Maintenance Equipment, ANS, V.33, No.11-15, pp. 906-907(1979)
[9] Gee Young Park, et al., "Development of Acoustic Emission Monitoring System for Fault Detection of Thermal Reduction Reactor," J. of Korean Nuclear Society, V. 35, No. 1, pp. 25-33(2003).

Data analysis The logarithmic reduction factor lg(N0/N)was used to express the inactivation of S. aureus.

The main methods to pollution control are water spray to the combustor, dry low NOx (DLN), selective catalytic reduction or dilute premixed combustion and catalytic combustion technology.
The completion of the commissioning tests will undoubtedly accumulate a large number of valuable data and experiences for the subsequent development and improvement.