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Heterologous protein yield is affected by a variety of strain- and cultivation-specific factors.
The most notable of the strain-specific factors include promoter selection and gene copy number (GCN) [4,5].
Using mechanical cell disruption methods, yeast cells release DNA, lipids and host cell proteins, which complicate the downstream processing.
Since cultivation in similar conditions following the Invitrogen protocol resulted in very poor HBsAg yields, the different medium used by Gurramkonda et al. could be the critical factor for HBsAg production of the particular recombinant strain.
Gurramkonda et al., Purification of hepatitis B surface antigen virus-like particles from recombinant Pichia pastoris and in vivo analysis of their immunogenic properties, J.

A voltage difference across the electrodes generates mechanical deformations (actuation) and a mechanical deformation yields a voltage difference (sensing) [5].
The analysis of the charge redistribution in the vicinity of the highly heterogeneous layers resulting from electrode deposition (whose conductive and dielectric properties differ from both the polymer and the metal salt) is an open research question [6, 21, 22, 23, 24].
The thickness of the composite was thus partitioned into three different layers: a metal layer (corresponding to the metal electrode), a highly heterogeneous layer just close to the top resulting from the electrode deposition (whose conductive and dielectric properties differ from both the polymer and the metal salt), and the pure polymer.
Hence, charge accumulation at the polymer-electrode interface is a key factor in the determination of strains during the bending.
Within the class of physics-based models, electrostatic stresses arise when nonlinear electro-mechanical coupling is considered.

Material properties of CdSe are in Table 1 and the crystal structure is shown in Fig. 1.
Z.Aneva et al [51] reported the electrical properties of thermally evaporated CdSe films.
Optical spectroscopy and electron observation showed that the films coated on glass substrate had very good mechanical quality and optical properties rather than the films on the carbon coated substrate.
Basheer et al [134] repotted materials properties of CdSe films and doping effect.
They found that fill factor and efficiency were maximum for 0.1 mol% indium photosensitive films.

It might be expected that, at low drive frequency, the FSMA sample should be little affected by the piezo vibration and only move back and forth in a rigid-body mode.
Some of the input energy is converted into heat instead of mechanical strain.
The smaller values of the observed stress reductions relative to the calculated values could be due to several factors.
The magnitude and speed of the stress waves are calculated based on the elastic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga crystals.
Hixson in: Mechanical Impedance, edited by C.M.

It is generally believed that the penetration depth mainly depends on the welding heat input (the ratio of laser power to welding speed), but there is also a dependence on the thermophysical properties of the material being processed, the angle of the laser beam interaction with the workpiece [17], the focal distance [18], the optical system [19], shielding gas [20], spatial position [21], atmospheric pressure [22] and other.
By varying these factors, it is possible to obtain a defect-free welded joint at the level of technology development.
Fig. 3 shows the samples after bead on plate test, a – the top face, b – the root face, as it can be seen in all cases the penetration was full, which affects the hydrodynamics of the welding pool.
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 49 (2014) 39-52
Katayama, Elucidation of high-power fiber laser welding phenomena of stainless steel and effect of factors on weld geometry.

In the conditions of the existing production, the main factor determining the quality of the sinter charge preparation is the mode of humidification: the degree and stability of the moisture content of the sinter charge, water properties, the manner and place of feed, the use of additives, etc.
In addition to the effect on surface tension, other important properties that determine the possibility and conditions for the use of a binder are important for industrial use of surfactants in the process of agglomeration.
This can be observed in the results of pelletizing as well as in the indicators of sintering and mechanical properties of sinter.
In addition, the increase of gas permeability of the sintered layer and its resistance to vacuum provide thermal stabilization process level and sinter production with higher metallurgical properties [19-21].
The thermal stabilization of the agglomeration level provides a more complete and uniform processes of agglomeration on the volume of sintering, which has a positive effect on the strength properties of sinter (Table. 3).

In ring rolling process,every roller has to run coordinately, and because of the high nonlinear on geometry and physics under multi-factors coupling interactive effects, the ring rolling process become very complex, it is difficult to accurately analyze the process by analytical or experimental method[3,4].
The used temperature dependent thermal properties(heat conductivity, specific heat) of the alloy are shown in Table 2.
Huang and C.D. zhu: Theory and Technology of Ring Rolling [M](Mechanical Industry Publications, Beijing 2001), p.1.
Zhan: Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 24(2005), No.7, p.808.
Lan: Mechanical Engineering of China, Vol. 17(2006), No.9, p.953.

Other environmental factors do affect the design of submarine equipment but are directly linked to shock integrity and ultimately the strength of the material.
Therefore, given the uncertainty in the mechanical behaviour and shock response of composite materials for this application, extensive material testing and structural analysis, specifically Finite Element Analysis (FEA) must be carried out to validate the design.
This environment could be manipulated to ensure that the resin had the best conditions to fully cure and hence provide the required adhesion properties for the testing.
Item Type/Model Gauge Resistance [Ω] Gauge Factor Strain gauge Rosettes (3 arm) FRA-6-11-1L & CEA-06-062UR-120 120.0 ± 0.5% 2.08 (nom) Strain gauge Single (1 arm) EA-06-250BG-120 120.0 ± 0.15% 2.060 ± 0.5% The tabs and the lead-wire connections were sealed together as a single patch using bees wax which provides an initial layer of waterproofing, Fig 8.
The strain gauge itself had a flexible protective membrane which provided mechanical resistance as well as a secondary waterproof layer.

Grain Boundary Engineering: progress and Challenges Weiguo Wang 1, a 1 Department of metallic materials, School of mechanical engineering, Shandong university of technology, Zibo 255049, PR China a email:wang.wei.guo@163.com, Keywords: Grain boundary engineering; Grain boundary character distribution; CSL boundary; .
From 1960s to 1980s, bi-crystal technique was used to study and ascertain the special properties of low ∑-CSL boundaries in a variety of polycrystalline materials.
The results demonstrate in general that low ∑ (∑≤29) CSL boundaries do exhibit some special properties of lower energy, weaker solute-atom segregation, slower diffusion rate , higher mobility, higher resistance to high temperature GB sliding and facture , less GB hardening and lower resistance to electrical conductivity.
This is because the so-called special boundaries exhibit special properties conditionally, and alloying and field conditions are the key factors.
So exactly speaking, GBE is not only to obtain a high fraction of special boundaries to optimized the GBCD, but also to make sure whether the special boundaries exhibit special property of low energy, because only low energy can renders some other special properties such as mentioned in the foregoing text.

Working with unexpect loading is one of major impact factor that causes several chain-effects happened to the cylinder, as the classical diagnostic process is lack of cross-validating and time-consuming, the paper proposes the potentials of using acoustic emission to fill the dilemmas.
Unexpected loading of the cylinder is considered as a major impact factor of disfunction of HAGC hydraulic screw down [8], which could caused cylinder faults such as leakages or seals broken, the current state identification process of insufficient loading is based on the reading and processing of the pressure signals, as the direct reading from the pressure monitor only able to provide the static display of the working pressure and the pressure signals are sensitive to fluctuations and noises [10], to some extent it provides helpless suggestions to the engineers in terms of disfunction spotting, a wavelet energy [11] based approach was derived to extract significant features from the pressure signals acquired from the field and acted as the inputs to BP neural network [12] with the unexpected loading caused by the inner leakage being correctly identified [10], however, with wavelet energy and neural network approach employed to deal with the noise issue, large computational burden could
Also with the symmetric visualization purpose, the intervals are set to the same value in each quadrant in this study, the robustness of feature granularities were discussed by [17] in the proceeding publication, which proofs the value interval affects little in the hits density model.
This scenario can be linked to the actual specification of the cylinder under examination, as the maximum working load of the cylinder is designed to 25MPa, the aforementioned scenario could be understood as some underlying mechanical disfunctions of the cylinder that causes by the overloading, which may further brings failure to the cylinder during rolling process.
It could be related to the properties of PCA as well as the previous findings provided by the authors, where the projection of hits density patterns with significant differences would be distributed at two sides of origin [17, 20-21].