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Introduction There is a growing interest in fabricating ultra-fine grained metals with a hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystal structure via severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques in order to improve their mechanical properties (e.g yield strength).
βm affects texture evolution directly by changing the relative values of the components with respect to each other.
Factors like V, x0, and w multiply L and thus affect all the components equally.
Such differences in grain shape evolution can, in principle, affect texture evolution.
Wenk: Texture and Anisotropy - Preferred Orientations in Polycrystals and their Effect on Materials Properties (Cambridge University Press 1998) [28] R.A.

Remarkably, these ion-transport related properties of the melt are also linked to the effects of pressure on the glass transition temperature [19-21].
However, static equilibrium properties are considered in those cases, while time-dependent processes play an essential rôle in molten CKN.
Kubo, Statistical-mechanical theory of irreversible processes.
Monaco, Is the fragility of a liquid embedded in the properties of its glass?
Aronsson, Brillouin scattering study of elastic properties in a glass forming KNO3–Ca (NO3)2 mixture, J.

In the end, density is just a number, and urban design requires the configuration and integration of multiple and complex factors, such as program, circulation, morphology and public space.
Founded on a two-dimensional planimetric logic and constrained by paradigms of Euclidean geometry, property law, and load-bearing construction, high-rise morphology is generated by a vertical extrusion from the ground toward the sky.
Urban morphology also affects microclimate.
Instead it relates to qualitative properties of convergence, connectedness and continuity [25].
Lozano: Densities in Communities, or the Most Important Factor in building Urbanity in The Urban Design Reader, edited by M.

Analysis of metal deformed flow under adhesive friction by ring upsetting Weiqi Li 1, 2, a *, Qingxian Ma1, 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2 Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Processing Technology of Ministry Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China a05liweiqi@163.com Keywords: adhesive friction; ring upsetting; deformed flow Abstract.
Introduction It is well known that it plays an important role on shapes and properties of the forging for deformed flow behavior in heavy forging forming.
Not only does the deformed flow of metal forgings affects forming member surface finish, but also causes some typical defects in the forgings, such as local thinning, cracking, wrinkling.
CH Lee and T Altan utilized upper-bound velocity field to research influence of friction upon metal flow during cylinder and ring upsetting, whose results agree well with theory at the lower friction factor [6].
Orientation distribution of velocity field for deformed flow behavior The orientation distribution of velocity field for ring billet under the compressed quantity of each PA is determined through Eq. 4 achieved by inverse tangent function of taking the derivative of piecewise cubic hermite polynomialin Eq. 1 with property of second derivative

A suitable procedure to predict the resulting properties of devices made of SMA is to measure the material parameters of simple shaped bodies under idealized conditions and to fit the free model constants with respect to the detailed behavior of arbitrarily shaped bodies under complex loading conditions.
The physical properties are described with a special material model.
It was shown [22] that the transformation kinetics is the driving factor.
Hence, δ and εΤ will directly affect the transition temperature as shown in Figs. 20a and 20b.
The MSM effect affects the transitions between martensite variants.

These composites may display relatively inferior mechanical and thermal properties, due to the long exposure at high temperatures and the potential to form a liquid phase during high temperature service.
The various TiB2- and ZrB2-based ceramics produced by PS and properties achieved are summarized in Table I.
The hot pressed composites have improved mechanical and thermal properties due to the fine-grained and denser microstructures than the PS samples.
Rapid heating rates (hundreds of °C/min) minimize coarsening and facilitate rapid densification, which leads to better thermo-mechanical properties.
Greater additions of Ni were found to inhibit densification, and thus worsened mechanical properties.

The thixotropic properties of the epoxy-resin adhesive allowed the plates to be glued to the groove’s surfaces without requiring a moulding and a formwork.
The ductility factor, defined as the ratio between the ultimate shear strain gu and the ideal elastic shear strain gel, in some specimens reached the value of 5.
Despite the limited value of the shear ductility factor q (not greater than 5), it might produce a significant increment of the delamination load.
Larch specimens loaded parallel to the grain fibres exhibit a non-linear shear behaviour with a good ductility factor that can reached a value close to 5.
Mechanical repair of timber beams fractured in flexure using bonded-in reinforcements.

A Simple Method for Evaluating Flaw Distributions Responsible for Size Effects in the Strength of Small-Scale Silicon Specimens Kai Duana and Xiaozhi Hu b School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia a kaiduan@mech.uwa.edu.au, bxhu@mech.uwa.edu.au Keywords: Flaw size, Silicon, Small-scale specimens, Strength, Weibull distribution.
For that, it is useful to specify a flaw distribution function consistent with a two-parameter Weibull function ( ){ }m F *exp1 σσ−−= (2) for a given strength σ, where m is the Weibull coefficient and σ* is a characteristic Weibull strength parameter, which is dependent on material property, loading configuration and specimen size [1820].
However, if we concern ourselves more with relative than absolute values in Fig. 2, this is not a critical factor.
Again, this will not affect relative evaluations for a given specimen configuration.
The presence of such residual stresses will influence the fracture strength and thus the estimations of the micro-flaw properties.

The chemical and physical properties of the feedstock in oleochemical processes often result in difficulties and challenges that limit the success.
These two properties are directly involved in influencing on the diffusion rate within the internal pores of the catalysts. 5.
The properties of the crude Jatropha oil, FFA content and water content are tabulated in Table. 7.
Table. 7 Jatropha oil properties.
Physical properties of Al and the TPA catalysts.

The important durability properties for outdoor application of these construction products include fungal resistance, ultraviolet (UV) resistance, moisture resistance, and dimensional stability [13].
Conclusions In this research, two different WPC commercial materials were assessed in order to evaluate the outdoor decking application properties.
WPC materials in general are affected by solar radiation, changing, among others, their coloration.
Paridah, A review on dynamic mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites, Constr.
Hollaway, A review of the present and future utilisation of FRP composites in the civil infrastructure with reference to their important in-service properties, Constr.