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Online since: January 2007
Authors: Masahiro Okahara, Zenzo Ishijima, Minoru Shirahige
Through examining the type of resin used
for the purpose of controlling the passive state, the grain size of the conductive filler (graphite (Gr)
+ carbon black (CB)) and the composition combination for the purpose of secure conductivity, it
was found that the combination of a scaly graphite-furnaced black mixed powder with a median
particle diameter of 4µm and VDF-10%HFP copolymer resin was optimal.
If the graphites' particles are smaller, there is the possibility that the graphite particles will have higher contact, and the number of electricity connection circuits will increase.
If the graphites' particles are smaller, there is the possibility that the graphite particles will have higher contact, and the number of electricity connection circuits will increase.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Wei Guang Li, Zhi Dong Han, Zhen Bei Lv, Yan Hong Duan
Suspension close-grained type structure has higher adiabatic heating; gap-type skeleton has faster speed of suction and exothermic; and dense skeleton has more total quantity of heat storage.
Compare the three methods to find out a suitable cooling way. 1.3 The introduction to the experiment device 1) Experimental instrument introduction and conditions determination Fig 1 Experimental device on test suction Fig 2 Actual test equipment exothermic characteristic of materials in road engineering During the research, practical new-type experimental device was developed on testing suction exothermic characteristic of materials in road engineering, and obtained the patent number 200820029840[5].
Compare the three methods to find out a suitable cooling way. 1.3 The introduction to the experiment device 1) Experimental instrument introduction and conditions determination Fig 1 Experimental device on test suction Fig 2 Actual test equipment exothermic characteristic of materials in road engineering During the research, practical new-type experimental device was developed on testing suction exothermic characteristic of materials in road engineering, and obtained the patent number 200820029840[5].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Artem Frolov, Ludmila Chumadova, Artemiy Cherkashin, Luka Akimov
Despite of the huge number of advantages of nanomodified concrete, analysis of the use of nanoparticles shows that they are used quite seldom, as it requires a large cash outlay.
Nanomodified reinforced concrete out-performs an ordinary reinforced concrete in many features, such as: 1) Reduction of own weight of the structure due to low density of nanomodified cocncrete. 2) Modification of the reinforcement system and reduction of amount of reinforcement used in concrete. 3) Reduction of footing loads of the structure, so foundation design is simplified and quantity of earthworks is reduced. 4) Exclusion of general and special damp course from the structure. 5) Price reduction and acceleration of en bloc reinforced concrete building construction. 6) Increase of safety and reliability of antiseismic construction. 7) Reduction of number of aseismic isolation elements in building construction in areas with high earthquake activity. 8) Increase of fire-resistance of buildings and structures [1].
It significantly reduce the number of interstices bigger than 1nm.
In the article [33] we considered a successful modification of French giperplasticizer PREMIA 360 with astralenes and an injection into the fine-grained concrete mixtures of oil shale ash ZolestBET [34].
Ponomarev, A.N., Egorushkin, V.E., Melnikova, N.V., , Reshetnyak, A.A.Anomalous thermal conductivity in multiwalled carbon nanotubes with impurities and short-range order (2010) Journal of Physics: Conference Series (International Conference on Theoretical Physics Dubna-Nano 2010; Dubna; Russian Federation; 5 July 2010 through 10 July 2010; Code 83234) Vol. 248, Article number 012005
Nanomodified reinforced concrete out-performs an ordinary reinforced concrete in many features, such as: 1) Reduction of own weight of the structure due to low density of nanomodified cocncrete. 2) Modification of the reinforcement system and reduction of amount of reinforcement used in concrete. 3) Reduction of footing loads of the structure, so foundation design is simplified and quantity of earthworks is reduced. 4) Exclusion of general and special damp course from the structure. 5) Price reduction and acceleration of en bloc reinforced concrete building construction. 6) Increase of safety and reliability of antiseismic construction. 7) Reduction of number of aseismic isolation elements in building construction in areas with high earthquake activity. 8) Increase of fire-resistance of buildings and structures [1].
It significantly reduce the number of interstices bigger than 1nm.
In the article [33] we considered a successful modification of French giperplasticizer PREMIA 360 with astralenes and an injection into the fine-grained concrete mixtures of oil shale ash ZolestBET [34].
Ponomarev, A.N., Egorushkin, V.E., Melnikova, N.V., , Reshetnyak, A.A.Anomalous thermal conductivity in multiwalled carbon nanotubes with impurities and short-range order (2010) Journal of Physics: Conference Series (International Conference on Theoretical Physics Dubna-Nano 2010; Dubna; Russian Federation; 5 July 2010 through 10 July 2010; Code 83234) Vol. 248, Article number 012005
Online since: March 2025
Authors: Nasaruddin Salam, Rustan Tarakka, Sandra Mayang Dika Ridwan, Muhammad Ihsan Mukrim
The pressure drop, experimental friction factor, and Reynolds number on the experimental variables show an interesting relation between the variables.
These include the interaction between phase, the influence of deformation of fluid, the influence of phase imbalance, and changes in pressure drop [5]In terms of pressure drop, besides influenced by the Reynolds numbers, it is also influenced by the interaction of different phases which will lead to various flow patterns, which in turn will result in pressure drop [6].
Fluid mud can be defined as a high concentration aqueous suspension consisting of fine-grained materials with hindered settling.
The density concentration refers to the number of solid particles dissolved in the liquid phase Changes in density concentration can affect the properties of two-phase fluid flow.
Two-phase flow that undergoes a changing flow pattern due to the influence of interactions between phases, Reynolds number, orientation and pipe geometry will undergo pressure drop changes as well [11].
These include the interaction between phase, the influence of deformation of fluid, the influence of phase imbalance, and changes in pressure drop [5]In terms of pressure drop, besides influenced by the Reynolds numbers, it is also influenced by the interaction of different phases which will lead to various flow patterns, which in turn will result in pressure drop [6].
Fluid mud can be defined as a high concentration aqueous suspension consisting of fine-grained materials with hindered settling.
The density concentration refers to the number of solid particles dissolved in the liquid phase Changes in density concentration can affect the properties of two-phase fluid flow.
Two-phase flow that undergoes a changing flow pattern due to the influence of interactions between phases, Reynolds number, orientation and pipe geometry will undergo pressure drop changes as well [11].
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Dennis M. Newns, Paul M. Solomon, Glenn J. Martyna, Bruce G. Elmegreen, Matt Copel, Marcelo A. Kuroda, Thomas M. Shaw, Alejandro G. Schrott, Xiao Hu Liu
A macroscopic-scale PET has been built to demonstrate PET viability over large numbers of switching cycles.
One example of an alternative device is the electromechanical relay [6-8], but this is a relatively slow switch with a number of cycles limited by damage from making/breaking contacts.
We observe that the thinner films have smaller crystallite grain size so perhaps a further increase in temperature will especially improve the response of the thinner films.
An odd number of inverters connected in series into a closed loop forms a ring oscillator.
Acknowledgements: This research was partially supported by the DARPA MESO Program (Mesodynamic Architectures) under contract number N66001–11-C-4109.
One example of an alternative device is the electromechanical relay [6-8], but this is a relatively slow switch with a number of cycles limited by damage from making/breaking contacts.
We observe that the thinner films have smaller crystallite grain size so perhaps a further increase in temperature will especially improve the response of the thinner films.
An odd number of inverters connected in series into a closed loop forms a ring oscillator.
Acknowledgements: This research was partially supported by the DARPA MESO Program (Mesodynamic Architectures) under contract number N66001–11-C-4109.
Online since: June 2021
Authors: Md Tanwir Alam
The corrosion resistance get reduced with the incorporation of SiC due to the increase in porosity and number of nucleation sites.
This cycle is repeated for a number of times based on the real-time conditions [10-15].
The results of laboratory immersion corrosion testing for metals, alloys or composites mainly weight loss method depends on the various factors such as apparatus used, number of specimens, materials of the specimen, test conditions (composition of solution, temperature of solution, degasification, solution state (stable/motion), volume of solution, method of supporting test specimens, immersion time), methods of cleaning specimens, interpretation of results, moisture, temperature, air pollution, water quality, acids/bases/salts, concentration difference across metal surface, contact between dissimilar metals and calculation of corrosion rates [16-21].
As a result of this, the numbers of sites are increased which are available for the corrosion to occur [10, 35].
[22] Roland Tolulope Loto and Phillip Babalola, Analysis of SiC grain size variation and NaCl concentration on the corrosion susceptibility of AA1070 aluminium matrix composites, Cogent Engineering. 2018; 5: 1473002. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2018.1473002 [23] M.
This cycle is repeated for a number of times based on the real-time conditions [10-15].
The results of laboratory immersion corrosion testing for metals, alloys or composites mainly weight loss method depends on the various factors such as apparatus used, number of specimens, materials of the specimen, test conditions (composition of solution, temperature of solution, degasification, solution state (stable/motion), volume of solution, method of supporting test specimens, immersion time), methods of cleaning specimens, interpretation of results, moisture, temperature, air pollution, water quality, acids/bases/salts, concentration difference across metal surface, contact between dissimilar metals and calculation of corrosion rates [16-21].
As a result of this, the numbers of sites are increased which are available for the corrosion to occur [10, 35].
[22] Roland Tolulope Loto and Phillip Babalola, Analysis of SiC grain size variation and NaCl concentration on the corrosion susceptibility of AA1070 aluminium matrix composites, Cogent Engineering. 2018; 5: 1473002. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2018.1473002 [23] M.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Hedi Belhadj Salah, Riadh Bahloul, Henia Arfa
Previous work was not accomplished with the help of design of experiments (DOE), thus reducing the number of parameters varied at any time.
Using this forming strategy it is obvious that there are a relatively large number of adjustable process parameters that can influence the forming process for a given geometry such as the forming angle, the radius of the forming tool, the initial thickness of the sheet metal or the size of the step down.
The Box-Behnken design can analyse four factors in three levels in a total number of 27 numerical simulation runs performed.
In presence of a significant number of factors, the construction of the Pareto chart can offer an interesting alternative to the main effects of forming parameters and their interactions.
Richard, Influence of the initial grain size in single point incremental forming process for thin sheets metal and microparts: Experimental investigations, J.
Using this forming strategy it is obvious that there are a relatively large number of adjustable process parameters that can influence the forming process for a given geometry such as the forming angle, the radius of the forming tool, the initial thickness of the sheet metal or the size of the step down.
The Box-Behnken design can analyse four factors in three levels in a total number of 27 numerical simulation runs performed.
In presence of a significant number of factors, the construction of the Pareto chart can offer an interesting alternative to the main effects of forming parameters and their interactions.
Richard, Influence of the initial grain size in single point incremental forming process for thin sheets metal and microparts: Experimental investigations, J.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Fu Gang Wang, Yan Lin Yang, Gua Hong Feng, Shi Yan
A number of numerical simulations under various geological and pressure/temperature conditions are performed.
The basic simulation parameters Simulation parameters value Hydrogeological and thermal parameters Thickness, H Rock grain density, ρ Rock specific heat, c Rock thermal conductivity, λ Porosity of meandering river sedimentary facies , ф1 Permeability of meandering river sedimentary facies , k1 Porosity of delta sedimentary facies, ф2 Permeability of delta sedimentary facies , k2 Ratio of vertical to horizontal Permeability Initial condition Water saturation in base case, Sl Gas saturation in CO2-only case, Sg Temperature, Tin Pressure, Pin Production/injection Injector–producer distance, L Injection temperature, Tinj Injection pressure, Pinj Production pressure, PPro 100 m 2600 kg/m3 1000 J/kg·℃ 2.51 W/m·℃ 0.143 8.72×10-15 m2 0.125 3.41×10-15 m2 0.1 1.0 1.0 120 ℃ 25.0×106 Pa 707m 20℃ Pin + 10 bar PPro - 10 bar In the Songliao basin, the geothermal gradient is high, geothermal flow is abundant.
The program can deal with one-, two-, or three-dimensional porous and fractured media with physical and chemical heterogeneity and any number of chemical species present in liquid, gas, and solid phases.
The program has been applied for a large number of EGS and CCS projects, such as the United States Nevada state Desert Peak EGS project, France Solutz EGS site, Japan's Ogachi EGS project, the United States Frio CO2 geological sequestration, and Australia Otway CO2 geological sequestration.
So there are 137 grids of Tyson polygon in each layer, the total number of grids amount to 2740.
The basic simulation parameters Simulation parameters value Hydrogeological and thermal parameters Thickness, H Rock grain density, ρ Rock specific heat, c Rock thermal conductivity, λ Porosity of meandering river sedimentary facies , ф1 Permeability of meandering river sedimentary facies , k1 Porosity of delta sedimentary facies, ф2 Permeability of delta sedimentary facies , k2 Ratio of vertical to horizontal Permeability Initial condition Water saturation in base case, Sl Gas saturation in CO2-only case, Sg Temperature, Tin Pressure, Pin Production/injection Injector–producer distance, L Injection temperature, Tinj Injection pressure, Pinj Production pressure, PPro 100 m 2600 kg/m3 1000 J/kg·℃ 2.51 W/m·℃ 0.143 8.72×10-15 m2 0.125 3.41×10-15 m2 0.1 1.0 1.0 120 ℃ 25.0×106 Pa 707m 20℃ Pin + 10 bar PPro - 10 bar In the Songliao basin, the geothermal gradient is high, geothermal flow is abundant.
The program can deal with one-, two-, or three-dimensional porous and fractured media with physical and chemical heterogeneity and any number of chemical species present in liquid, gas, and solid phases.
The program has been applied for a large number of EGS and CCS projects, such as the United States Nevada state Desert Peak EGS project, France Solutz EGS site, Japan's Ogachi EGS project, the United States Frio CO2 geological sequestration, and Australia Otway CO2 geological sequestration.
So there are 137 grids of Tyson polygon in each layer, the total number of grids amount to 2740.
Online since: May 2004
Authors: Fernando M.B. Marques, A.P. Viskup, E.N. Naumovich, Jorge R. Frade, Alrksey A. Yaremchenko, A.L. Shaula, J.R. Casanova, Ivan P. Marozau, Vladislav V. Kharton
In the latter case, the values of σO and σe were calculated from the data on the total
conductivity (Fig.1) and oxygen transference numbers in air (Table 1) assuming the oxygen ionic
TABLE 1.
Oxygen ion transference numbers of La0.3Sr0.7Fe0.6Al0.3Cr0.1O3-δ ceramics calculated from the faradaic efficiency and total conductivity data in air T, K tO 1223 4.5 × 10 -3 1173 2.5 × 10 -3 1123 1.3 × 10 -3 1073 6.5 × 10 -4 FIG.2.
Ga-substituted materials possess, however, a number of specific disadvantages including volatilization of gallium oxide in reducing atmospheres, interaction with catalysts such as Pt or Ni, and high cost of Ga-containing raw materials.
The size of phase impurity grains, clearly visible in the SEM micrographs of La0.3Sr0.7Fe0.7-xAl0.3CrxO3-δ ceramics (Fig.7, E and F), increases with x.
The factors responsible for such a decrease include impurity phase segregation at the grain boundaries blocking ionic conduction, decreasing oxygen vacancy concentration in the perovskite phase due to Cr 3+/4+ incorporation, and also a lower vacancy mobility resultant from stronger Cr-O bonds if compared to the Fe-O bonding.
Oxygen ion transference numbers of La0.3Sr0.7Fe0.6Al0.3Cr0.1O3-δ ceramics calculated from the faradaic efficiency and total conductivity data in air T, K tO 1223 4.5 × 10 -3 1173 2.5 × 10 -3 1123 1.3 × 10 -3 1073 6.5 × 10 -4 FIG.2.
Ga-substituted materials possess, however, a number of specific disadvantages including volatilization of gallium oxide in reducing atmospheres, interaction with catalysts such as Pt or Ni, and high cost of Ga-containing raw materials.
The size of phase impurity grains, clearly visible in the SEM micrographs of La0.3Sr0.7Fe0.7-xAl0.3CrxO3-δ ceramics (Fig.7, E and F), increases with x.
The factors responsible for such a decrease include impurity phase segregation at the grain boundaries blocking ionic conduction, decreasing oxygen vacancy concentration in the perovskite phase due to Cr 3+/4+ incorporation, and also a lower vacancy mobility resultant from stronger Cr-O bonds if compared to the Fe-O bonding.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Chris Wallbrink, Wei Ping Hu
For such locations subjected to variable amplitude loading of a large number of cycles, the numerical analysis of fatigue life requires an accurate and robust model for cyclic plasticity, in order to reliably determine the stress and strain response.
The key feature of the nonlinear kinematic hardening model is the inclusion of a recall term in the expression of the back-stress, which itself is represents the effect of dislocation pile-up at the grain boundaries on the subsequent reverse yielding [7].
The key feature of the nonlinear kinematic hardening model is the inclusion of a recall term in the expression of the back-stress, which itself is represents the effect of dislocation pile-up at the grain boundaries on the subsequent reverse yielding [7].