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Online since: November 2012
Authors: Wei Zhu, Zi Jian Cao
Reservoir rocks consist primarily of fine-medium grained feldspar-quartz sandstone or lithic quartz-sandstone.
Table 1 Water sensitivity test evaluation of Yuyang formation in the fault block Sensitivity evaluation Well number Horizon Permeability ×10-3μm2 Kf 10-3μm2 Kw 10-3μm2 Kw/Kf Conclusions Simulate freshwater water sensitivity ES8 k2y4 2.54 0.99 0.99 1 Weak water sensitivity 2.11 0.96 1.03 1.07 Weak water sensitivity ES10 k2y3 2.12 0.23 0.06 0.26 Strong water sensitivity 0.333 0.0102 0.0038 0.373 Medium to high water sensitivity 0.05 0.0044 0.0018 0.409 Medium to high water sensitivity 0.078 0.039 0.0014 0.359 Medium to high water sensitivity The results of water sensitivity test and mineral analysis show that a compound fault block reservoir is rich in sensitive minerals: illite, shale and iron shale, calcite, dolomite, clay minerals of all types.
Table 2 Velocity experiment assessment of Yuyang formation in the fault block Sensitivity evaluation Well number Horizon Permeability ×10-3μm2 Kmax 10-3μm2 Kmin 10-3μm2 dK Conclusions Simulate formation water velocity sensitivity ES8 k2y4 3.57 2.25 1.97 0.124 Weak velocity sensitivity 3.33 2.24 1.82 0.1872 Weak velocity sensitivity ES10 k2y3 1.95 0.45 0.41 0.089 Weak velocity sensitivity 0.088 0.0053 0.027 0.49 Medium velocity sensitivity 0.052 0.0024 0.0011 0.542 Medium velocity sensitivity 0.121 0.0076 0.0039 0.486 Medium velocity sensitivity The test data in Table 2 indicate that although the reservoirs in oilfield contain considerable kaolinite which is sensitive to velocity, its absolute content is low and most of the kaolinite fills in intergranular pore, generally being weak-medium velocity sensitive.
Table 1 Water sensitivity test evaluation of Yuyang formation in the fault block Sensitivity evaluation Well number Horizon Permeability ×10-3μm2 Kf 10-3μm2 Kw 10-3μm2 Kw/Kf Conclusions Simulate freshwater water sensitivity ES8 k2y4 2.54 0.99 0.99 1 Weak water sensitivity 2.11 0.96 1.03 1.07 Weak water sensitivity ES10 k2y3 2.12 0.23 0.06 0.26 Strong water sensitivity 0.333 0.0102 0.0038 0.373 Medium to high water sensitivity 0.05 0.0044 0.0018 0.409 Medium to high water sensitivity 0.078 0.039 0.0014 0.359 Medium to high water sensitivity The results of water sensitivity test and mineral analysis show that a compound fault block reservoir is rich in sensitive minerals: illite, shale and iron shale, calcite, dolomite, clay minerals of all types.
Table 2 Velocity experiment assessment of Yuyang formation in the fault block Sensitivity evaluation Well number Horizon Permeability ×10-3μm2 Kmax 10-3μm2 Kmin 10-3μm2 dK Conclusions Simulate formation water velocity sensitivity ES8 k2y4 3.57 2.25 1.97 0.124 Weak velocity sensitivity 3.33 2.24 1.82 0.1872 Weak velocity sensitivity ES10 k2y3 1.95 0.45 0.41 0.089 Weak velocity sensitivity 0.088 0.0053 0.027 0.49 Medium velocity sensitivity 0.052 0.0024 0.0011 0.542 Medium velocity sensitivity 0.121 0.0076 0.0039 0.486 Medium velocity sensitivity The test data in Table 2 indicate that although the reservoirs in oilfield contain considerable kaolinite which is sensitive to velocity, its absolute content is low and most of the kaolinite fills in intergranular pore, generally being weak-medium velocity sensitive.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Shu Jin Li, Xiao Yu Xu, Wen Jie Lu, Yi Gang Fu
HE County 5-20mm continuous gradation basalt gravel, mud content 0.2%, the apparent density of 2630kg/m3; round grain shape, crushing value 5.2%.
Table 1 Test mixtures ratio of self-compacting concrete, kg/m3 Sample number cement Fly ash slag Water reducer SCC sand gravel water CE0 381 136 49 8.0 0 856 856 165 CE8 361 111 49 8.0 45 856 856 165 CE10 355 105 49 8.0 57 856 856 165 CE12 349 100 49 8.0 68 856 856 165 Specimens preparation and test methods Restricted expansion rate test: according to the national standard (GB 50119).
Table 2 Workability, limited expansion ratio and compressive strength sample number slump flow /mm J-ring slump flow /mm Segrega-tion rate /% 14d limited expansion ratio /×10-4 28d restrained shrinkage ratio /×10-4 28d compressive strength /MPa C0 655 620 8.0 - - 45.5 CE1 680 650 6.5 1.80 3.50 48.4 CE2 690 675 5.0 2.35 2.40 49.0 CE3 715 705 3.5 3.85 1.35 50.2 Early age autogenous shrinkage Sample of not with expansion agent, and the SCC expansive agent dosage of 12% self compacting concrete at early age autogenous shrinkage curves are shown in fig 3.
Table 1 Test mixtures ratio of self-compacting concrete, kg/m3 Sample number cement Fly ash slag Water reducer SCC sand gravel water CE0 381 136 49 8.0 0 856 856 165 CE8 361 111 49 8.0 45 856 856 165 CE10 355 105 49 8.0 57 856 856 165 CE12 349 100 49 8.0 68 856 856 165 Specimens preparation and test methods Restricted expansion rate test: according to the national standard (GB 50119).
Table 2 Workability, limited expansion ratio and compressive strength sample number slump flow /mm J-ring slump flow /mm Segrega-tion rate /% 14d limited expansion ratio /×10-4 28d restrained shrinkage ratio /×10-4 28d compressive strength /MPa C0 655 620 8.0 - - 45.5 CE1 680 650 6.5 1.80 3.50 48.4 CE2 690 675 5.0 2.35 2.40 49.0 CE3 715 705 3.5 3.85 1.35 50.2 Early age autogenous shrinkage Sample of not with expansion agent, and the SCC expansive agent dosage of 12% self compacting concrete at early age autogenous shrinkage curves are shown in fig 3.
Online since: November 2010
Authors: K.J. Osinubi, Agapitus A. Amadi
Clay dikes, hydraulic caps and liners for hazardous containment systems, waste lagoons, cores in earth dams and other environmental isolation tasks are examples of structures built with compacted fine grained soils [1-3].
The large specific surface of montmorillonite (the primary clay mineral in bentonite) combined with its large net negative charge and an ability for interlayer swelling resulted in adsorption of a large number of hydrated cations as well as adsorption of water molecules, and interlayer separation during hydration [8, 11; 23].
These results are similar to those reported by a number of researchers (for example 11, 20, 26) for other soil - bentonite mixtures.
The large specific surface of montmorillonite (the primary clay mineral in bentonite) combined with its large net negative charge and an ability for interlayer swelling resulted in adsorption of a large number of hydrated cations as well as adsorption of water molecules, and interlayer separation during hydration [8, 11; 23].
These results are similar to those reported by a number of researchers (for example 11, 20, 26) for other soil - bentonite mixtures.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Xiao Feng Wang, Wan Fu Huang, Xin Dong Li, Si Ming Yan
The finer grain size and greater liquid viscosity bring about the greater difficulty of concentrating and the higher cost.
Ceramic membrane is asymmetric membrane made of a ceramic material, and multi-channel tubular shape, a large number of pores distributed on the wall, the particles in the liquid under pressure which greater or similar with the pore size of the membrane will be retained, the others less than the membrane pore size will through the membrane, then achieve the purposes: particle separation, enrichment and concentration [2].
Membrane Cleaning After a period of operation, a large number of fine particles will be deposited in the membrane surface and inside, which can result significant reduce in membrane flux, so improving the life of the ceramic membrane through membrane cleaning is essential.
Ceramic membrane is asymmetric membrane made of a ceramic material, and multi-channel tubular shape, a large number of pores distributed on the wall, the particles in the liquid under pressure which greater or similar with the pore size of the membrane will be retained, the others less than the membrane pore size will through the membrane, then achieve the purposes: particle separation, enrichment and concentration [2].
Membrane Cleaning After a period of operation, a large number of fine particles will be deposited in the membrane surface and inside, which can result significant reduce in membrane flux, so improving the life of the ceramic membrane through membrane cleaning is essential.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Wei Su, Gang Chen, Tian Shen Chen
Increase the number of checking if there is a doubt that the amount of coal has an exception.
Its sample collector has a working pattern of: 6 rotary stations; sample grain size ≤ 6mm.The sample tank capacity is 16L / piece; the number of sample cans is 6.
Its sample collector has a working pattern of: 6 rotary stations; sample grain size ≤ 6mm.The sample tank capacity is 16L / piece; the number of sample cans is 6.
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Margarita Karpe
It can be seen in 3D images that the thin film has a hill-valley-like morphology made of small grains.
The diagram shows that the surfactant and the number of layers have affect pores and particle size.
It is obvious that the thickness increases with the number of dippings: the thickness of one-layer coatings is from 0.09 to 0.11 μm, but that of six-layer coatings is from 0.12 to 0.15 μm.
The diagram shows that the surfactant and the number of layers have affect pores and particle size.
It is obvious that the thickness increases with the number of dippings: the thickness of one-layer coatings is from 0.09 to 0.11 μm, but that of six-layer coatings is from 0.12 to 0.15 μm.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Khershed P. Cooper
The selection criteria for powder or filament-based raw materials are
manufacturability, shelf life, stability (reactivity) and ability to make maximum number of
components with minimum number of stock materials.
Grain size becomes comparable to feature size, diffusion distances are shorter, material flow occurs in confined spaces and material becomes sensitive to inhomogeneities and flaws.
Grain size becomes comparable to feature size, diffusion distances are shorter, material flow occurs in confined spaces and material becomes sensitive to inhomogeneities and flaws.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Myang G. Hahm, Daniel P. Hashim, Narayanan T. Narayanan, Robert Vajtai, Pulickel M. Ajayan, Tsanka D. Dikova
Introduction
A number of biocompatible materials are used nowadays for implant production: titanium, stainless steel, porcelain, bioceramics, alumina alloys and a number of polymers.
After 1h anodization the larger part of the sample’s surface is covered with nano-dots or nano-rods depending on the orientation of particular grains (Fig.2a).
After 1h anodization the larger part of the sample’s surface is covered with nano-dots or nano-rods depending on the orientation of particular grains (Fig.2a).
Online since: April 2022
Authors: Kai Sun, Rong Deng Liu, Yun Tao Liu, Tian Fu Li, Li Zhang, Zi Jun Wang, Dong Feng Chen
The microstructure, such as the thickness and the scattering length densities of TiN layer and AlN layer, number of periods, the roughness of surface and interface, were obtained from fitting the experimental data.
Levy, Enhancement of mechanical properties of TiN/AlN multilayers by modifying the number and the quality of interfaces, Surface and Coatings Technology, 124 (2000) 210-221
Ikuhara, Microstructures and grain boundaries of (Ti,Al)N films, Surface and Coatings Technology, 107 (1998) 41-47
Levy, Enhancement of mechanical properties of TiN/AlN multilayers by modifying the number and the quality of interfaces, Surface and Coatings Technology, 124 (2000) 210-221
Ikuhara, Microstructures and grain boundaries of (Ti,Al)N films, Surface and Coatings Technology, 107 (1998) 41-47
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Li Jun Fang, Jing Jing Liu, Rong Rong Yin
Inside the porous ceramic tube, as the fluid flow through porous media, the gas flow in porous media can be divided into Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow under the Rek (Reynolds number) based on the permeability.
(5) (6) where u is gas velocity; up is particle speed; ρ is the gas density; ρp is the particle packing density; dp is the particle grain diameter; Re is the particle relative Reynolds number; Fs is the other reaction force.
(5) (6) where u is gas velocity; up is particle speed; ρ is the gas density; ρp is the particle packing density; dp is the particle grain diameter; Re is the particle relative Reynolds number; Fs is the other reaction force.