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Introduction Quite a number of processes are developed to generate gradients, e.g. for bulk materials via powder technology, or for coatings via chemical, physical or mechanical deposition processes.
The advantages of this manufacturing process are its high speed, the ability to produce a possibly large number of parts simultaneously regardless of their respective geometrical complexities and in particular its flexibility using a broad range of different powders and liquids as inks. 3D-Printing Process for Tailored Metal Parts The idea is to use the 3D-Printing process to generate three dimensional graded parts similar to the inkjet print of a coloured picture on the two-dimensional surface of a paper: Instead of one polymeric binder that burns out completely during sintering, different functional inks containing colloidal dispersed nano-particles are jetted through the print head nozzles (Fig. 1).
The addition of about 0.3% carbon black during printing the green parts increases the density by 9% and leads to significant grain growth and pore growth (Fig. 4a, d).

The number of pores and corresponding pore size (D) of a foam sample can be approximately estimated by observations on the sections of the sample using a digital stereo microscope.
It can be suggested that pitting corrosion behavior of the foams is influenced by not only the precipitate size of Al3Sc particles but also, presumably, Sc-containing solid solution, density of Al3Sc particles and grain size.
T6-treatment can improve the corrosion performance of the cellular Al-Sc foams due to the uniform redistribution of Sc, especially for the as-fabricated cellular Al-0.41Sc foams with a number of the coarse primary Al3Sc formed in solidification.

Methods for Determining the Polymeric Materials’ Permeability There are a number of methods for determining the permeability of polymeric materials: the method of labeled isotopes, amperometric, membrane [l, 8-9], etc.
Indexes a and b are calculated according to the test results according to the formulas: (4) (5) where is a mean value of the logarithm of thereagent resistance index; - mean value of logarithm of test time; andare respectively, the logarithms of the reagent resistance and test time indexes in the i-th series of samples (intermediate periods); n - number of batch of samples tested in the interim.
Khadzhishalapov, The influence of the filler grain composition on the properties of the heat-resistant basaltic, Herald of Daghestan State Technical University.

In [4], the influence of the normal load, the sliding velocity, and the number of contact points on the friction and wear behavior of some exemplary basic metal-metal contact configurations with all flat samples being of identical material was studied.
An increase of the wear rate and no marked change of the coefficient of friction with the number of contact points was reported.
The material of the rotating ball with a diameter of D = 12.7 mm is 100Cr6 (bearing steel, fine-grained low alloy martensitic chrome steel, hardened by heat treatment up to the core).

This problem accumulated with the number of cycles since pores filling the entire spacing between container walls partly encapsulated in oxide/BN upon thermal shrinkage, preventing them from resolving upon remelting.
The maximum difference in tip cooling between primary arms 2 and 3, numbered from left to right, of about 5 K occurs at t0 + 2.7 s (Fig 1. b)).
However, from several independent observations of fragmentation with other samples, there is a tendency for fragments to detach from regions such as grain boundaries where the mush is more open, indicating that presence of thermo-solutal flow could play a crucial role in the formation of stray crystals.

Table 3 Mix proportion of concrete Number Cement Slag Fly ash Water Sand Stone water-binder ratio Of additive (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) % % SZ1/SR1 367.5 122.5 — 147 689 1124 34 1.0 SZ2/SR2 376.0 94.0 — 150 695 1134 32 1.0 SZ3/SR3 360.0 90.0 — 153 665 1182 30 1.0 FZ1/FR1 392.0 — 98 147 689 1222 34 1.0 FZ2/FR2 399.5 — 71 150 659 1241 32 1.0 FZ3/FR3 382.5 — 68 153 665 1250 30 1.0 KZ/KR 460.0 — — 145 648 1182 32 1.0 Annotation: S is slag; F is fly ash; Z is steam cured; R is standard cured; K is concrete without admixture. 2.4 Test method and specimen handling 1- DC Power Supply 2- Testing Tank 3- Link Network 4- Concrete specimens 5- 3.0% NaCl Solution 6- 0.3mol/L NaOH Solution 7- 1ΩStandard Resistor 8- DC digital voltmeter Figure 1 Schematic diagram of experimental device Figure 2-a Rapid carbonation test equipment Figure 2-b Electric flux test equipmen “Rapid Carbonation” test method refers to "Standard for test method of long-term performance
Table 4 Results of the carbonation and electric flux tests Number Carbonation depth（mm） Electric flux（C） 3d 7d 14d 28d 28d 56d SR1 0.6 2.6 4.8 7.3 920 820 SR2 0.5 2.6 5.6 6.6 1619 935 SR3 0.7 3.2 4.3 4.9 1703 1367 FR1 0.8 4.6 4.8 6.5 1620 1003 FR2 0.6 5.0 7.5 8.2 1613 1023 FR3 0.7 4.1 4.7 5.8 1723 1064 KR 0.4 3.0 4.1 5.2 1629 1405 SZ1 0.8 3.2 5.3 8.3 1028 992 SZ2 0.8 3.3 5.6 8.4 1732 1040 SZ3 0.7 3.5 4.7 7.1 1801 1497 FZ1 0.9 5.4 5.6 7.8 1779 1178 FZ2 0.9 7.4 7.3 8.3 1701 1114 FZ3 0.9 5.5 5.3 6.7 1839 1667 KZ 0.7 4.3 4.7 6.5 1731 1528 3.1 Data analysis of concrete carbonation Fig.3 shows the depth of carbonation of the concrete under the condition of steam curing increases with the growth of time.
The reaction also called “Secondary hydration reaction”, further more it can promote cement generate more C-S-H gel of hydration which made the grain of Ca (OH) 2 smaller in zone where interfaces the paster with aggregate, improves the microstructure of concrete, reduces the porosity of cement paste and enhances the power between aggregate interfacial and paster, the physical and mechanical properties of concrete have been greatly increased【8-10】 【2】 . 4.2 Mechanism of steam curing The ambient temperature of cement hydration increases with the growth of curing temperature, which will accelerate the hydration of cement.

It seems that there is only an unmodified structure and a modified structure but in reality a number of microstructures may be categorizes between unmodified and modified microstructures.
However a number of factors are responsible for porosity formation in modified alloys.
[10] Apelian D., Sigworth G.K. and Whaler K.R., 1984, “Assessment of Grain Refining and Modification of Al-Si Foundry Alloy by Thermal Analysis”, AFS Transition, 92, 297-307

Modeling of turning operations has been considered by a large number of papers [1-3] mainly focusing on orthogonal operations [4-8].
The coating is composed of a 5 µm TiAlN layer on a WC-10Co fine grained substrate.
Its value was investigated by [17] and set at: r=N∙f2∙π (2) With N the number of insert, set at 1 in this case, f the feed per tooth (mm/tooth/rev).

Various microstructural evolution will inevitably occur during long-term thermal exposure at high temperature, including coarsening and coalescence of γ´ phase, degradation of primary MC, grain boundary coarsening and formation of topological close-packed phase (TCP phase) [7-9].
Serial Number Cooling Rate γ´ Phase Shape Average side length of γ´ Phase Matrix Phase Channel Width 1 air cooling spherical 86nm 8nm 2 0.15℃/s irregular curved surface, with a trend towards cube shape 375nm 30nm 3 raw material regular cube 530nm 60nm Figure 2.
serial number cooling rate yield strength (σ0.2) tensile strength (σb) Elongation rate (δ5) Section shrinkage (y) 1 Air cooling 468.52MPa 739.88MPa 15% 19% 2 0.15℃/s 519.73MPa 724.31MPa 19% 23% 3 raw material 662.35MPa 889.44MPa 25% 30% From Table 2, it is obvious that the yield strength of material No. 1 is the smallest, 468.52 MPa, and that of material No.3 is the largest, 662.35 MPa.

The color of Green is made up of yellow pigment, carotene, green bible element, bravery green grain, and so on [1].
The number of group A was from 1 to 9, while the number of group B was from 1’ to 9’. 1 subgroup domestic silkworms were fed pigments from 5 instar 1st day to 9th day, 2 subgroup were fed from 5 instar 2nd to 9th , the others were similarly, 9 subgroup were fed pigments only at 9th .