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This process allows generating high-quality oxide coatings of different thicknesses, which can be adjusted the minimum process parameters number: the process temperature and the exposure time.
At oxidation temperature of 600 °C the physical properties of metallic materials are disturbed: the average grain size of titanium VT 1-0 (grade 1) dramatically increases from 1.4 μm to 15 μm; titanium nikelid TiNi is embrittled, oxidation of titanium and stainless steel 12X18H10T (AISI 321) increases due to increased uptake of oxygen O2 and intermetallic thermodynamic stability of intermetallic compound FeNi and oxide Fe2O3 reduces, which is accompanied with intense decline of mechanical strength level of the metal surface oxide.
The latter is associated with increase of the polar groups’ number, the electric charges and free radicals appearing in the surface when the CaP coating is sputtering by RFMS in an atmosphere of two working gases owing to the charge number of broken chemical bonds.

Using heterogeneous cloud service model can realize the server resources such as CPU/memory of fine-grained dynamic allocation, will improve overall efficiency of resources by 20%-30%the above current levels.
(1) Heterogeneous resource integration management There are a large number of heterogeneous smart grid business application type and systems, with different manufacturers, different types of host, storage, network equipment.By heterogeneous cloud service model can realize the integration of heterogeneous devices management, through a unified interface to manage different equipment, through a unified resource management process to achieve different resources application, reduce the number of heterogeneous system maintenance workload, reduce operational and maintenance costs
(3) Resources dynamic scheduling Heterogeneous cloud service platform based on the number of servers and storage devices, compose storage resources pool of computing resources pool.

More building storey numbers and higher Plot Ratio in the design of the residential area do not demonstrate the concept of “Compact City” effectively in the present land using pattern and traffic pattern.
The traffic flow of a former main road is scattered by certain number of smaller lanes.
Streets are best to carry these connecting points, for example, close-grained city structure is adopted in the lanes of Shanghai.
On the other hand, the energy of streets comes from a certain number of people flow, the “transparent” passageways can be set along various kinds of business, service facilities, greens and the edges of streets.

A characteristic section was chosen so as to have there the maximal number of isolated clusters not touching the image boundary.
The number of particles m added to a radical in the course of its average lifetime tp is M = k1ntp
It is easy to show that in case the condition Еd = аЕ is met (Еd – activation energy of surface diffusion of molecular fragments; a – proportionality factor), as it does for a number of the adatomsubstrate systems, the threshold value of the adsorption energy will be
Gyngazov, Grain-boundary diffusion of oxygen in polycrystalline ferrites, Russian Physics Journal 42(5) (1999) 490-495, doi: 10.1007/BF02508222

In recent work [5], we have also reported the experimental fitting of the effective vacancy diffusion coefficient in iron containing C on the number and size distribution of interstitial loops under ion irradiation.
First, in order to determine the optimal number of C atoms bound to a vacancy, we have studied the structures and stabilities of small VCn complexes.
Values in parentheses indicate the number of bonds corresponding to each bond order.
This condition may correspond to either the system being in thermal equilibrium or under high temperature irradiation when the concentration of vacancies is controlled by sinks of point defects e.g. dislocations, surfaces and grain boundaries [8].

Therefore, the total susceptibility χ is given as k T C T C + + += θ χ 2 1 (1) Two different Curie constants C1 and C2 are used to incorporate the possibility that they may be different and C (C1 or C2) is given by B B knSSgC 3/)1( 22 0 + = µµ (2) Where µ0 is magnetic constant, g is the Landé factor, µB is Bohr magneton, n is number of isolated free Co ions (C1) or clustered Co ions (C2) per unit volume, and kB is the Boltzmann constant.
In the model of Lawes et al., however, the number of isolated free Co ions or clustered Co ions per unit volume is computed by assuming random substitution of Co at the Zn site while in our model the number is derived by assuming the same effective magnetic moment for isolated free Co spins for all Zn1-xCoxO with different Co concentration.
It could also be used to analyze anisotropic ferromagnetism in substituted zinc oxide films in addition to a spin-split donor impurity-band model, 22 and Co oxide grains or microclusters found in pulsed laser deposited thin films. 6,10 A technique such as electron paramagnetic resonance can be used to directly verify the presence of two distinct substituent Co spins in Co substituted ZnO as hypothesized in this work.

Material composition of SAFC raw mixes Raw mix number Material content [%] Mf Мs Marble crushing screening Ferrous bauxite Neutralized fluorine-anhydrite Bauxite 1 Bauxite 2 1 29.04 52.81 - 18.15 0.35 0.167 2 39.23 - 44.69 16.08 0.35 0.167 3 40.25 - 39.68 20.07 0.7 0.5 4 31.38 47.21 - 21.41 0.7 0.5 The detected patterns are explained by higher values of basicity modulus and alumina modulus of the initial bauxite.
Calculated mineral composition of SAFC Raw mix number Mineral content [%] C2S 3(СА)·0,3СŜ 3(СF)·0,3СŜ С2F·СŜ 1 10.28 65.04 19.10 - 2 17.27 59.19 19.31 - 3 16.12 53.07 - 27.01 4 9.90 58.35 - 26.75 It was found that for low-alkaline mixes the endothermic effect in the temperature range of 450-550 °C (with a maximum at 500-509 °C) associated with the decomposition of diaspore, boehmite and goethite at BQC = 2.2 (bauxite 1) is higher than at BQC = 1.7 (bauxite 2), which is explained by the high content of alumina hydrates in the first sample of bauxite.
Actual mineral composition of SAFC BQC Raw mix number Mineral content. [%] Mf Мs C2S 3(СА)·0,3СŜ 3(СF)·0,3СŜ С2F·СŜ СŜ 2.2 1 10.31 66.72 13.64 - 9.33 0.25 0.33 1.7 2 17.19 61.01 9.82 - 12.00 0.18 0.27 1.7 3 15.98 54.50 - 21.61 7.92 0.66 0.40 2.2 4 9,79 62.10 - 23.00 5.11 0.69 0.43 Petrographic studies have established that SAFC obtained from a low-alkaline raw mix, has a more crystallized, but less homogeneous structure compared to clinker of a high-alkaline composition.
Clusters of calcium aluminoferrite grains containing a solid solution of belite with admixtures of titanium, magnesium and chromium oxides, as well as anhydrite that did not enter into mineral formation reactions, were found around the zonal crystals.

For the crack growth analysis it is necessary to assess the SIF values for the crack front evolution in the fracture process which may be the reason for a large number of publications addressed to the SIF calculation.
At each step of the iterative procedure the SIFs for different values of the parametric angle are defined for a given number of cycles, then crack increments in certain directions are determined and a new crack front is found with correction of the finite element mesh.
According to the approach the expected crack path is considered in design of the finite element grid, the finite elements assumed the grains clusters with approximately close slip resistance.
The number of cycles prior failure of each element is evaluated using the strain-life Manson’s criterion.

The study established by Annad et al [20] proposes a rather important number of formulas and neglects the effect of the pile shape.
Type of data Symbol used Units Pier type Group or Single // Pier nose shape Round, Square, and Sharp // Nominal pier width b Feet Pier width normal to flow bn Feet Pier length L Feet Flow angle of attack θ Degrees Approach flow velocity V0 Feet per second Approach flow depth Vc Feet per second Median grain size D50 Millimeter Sediment gradation σg Dimensionless Some values of the parameters stated in Table 1 are missing, and it should also be noted that the laboratory data don’t consider the bridge pier shape, as the bridges are standardized reduced prototypes.
For the elaboration of this study, 1249 field data are retained, 80% of them are used for the elaboration of the new formula, while the remaining 20% is left for its validation. 2.2 Model parameters The local scour formulas usually consider three groups of parameters in their equations (Eq. 1) mainly; - Physical parameters of the flow: Froude number ‘Fr’, velocity ‘V’, and critical velocity ‘Vc’; - Geotechnical parameters: the average size of sediment ‘D50’, soil stresses τ0 and τC; - Geometric parameters: bridge pier dimensions (‘b’ and ‘L’), approach section ‘y’.
R2=i=1nds.o i – ds.o ds.c i – ds.c i=1nds.o i – ds.o 2i=1nds.c i – ds.c 22 (5) RSR %=100i=1nds.o i - ds.c i 2i=1nds.o i - ds.c 2 (6) PBIAS %= 100i=1nds.o i - ds.c i i=1n(ds.o i ) (7) Where; - ds.o i, ds.o are the in-situ scour depths observed and their average value; - ds.c i , ds.c are the scour depths calculated by the new formula and their average value; - (n) is the number of field measurements.

When the insoluble anodes are applied, the number of tests carried out from one portion of the bath is lower in comparison with the case of the soluble anodes due to impoverishment of the electrolyte.
Maximal number of tests from one portion of the bath should be not higher than 8.
Hull determined these constants from a number of electrolytes and found that they did not differ from one another.
Deposits from sulfamate nickel plating baths have a very fine grain structure, are very smooth and ductile.