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Several configurations of the devices were examined, they being obtained by varying the main parameters which affect the behaviour, such as number of steel parts, both width and thickness of collars and preloading forces in the bolts (Faggiano et al. 2009a).
The latter is due to the complete rupture of the tension side of the timber beams, which are affected by natural defects, such as knots and slope of grain (Fig. 4c).
So, future research activity should consists in additional experimental tests on composite systems, with different geometrical features, aiming at achieving an exhaustive number of tests for the complete characterization of the system behaviour.

Great deal of efforts have already been paid to realize metastable phase of Cu by precipitation in Fe-Cu [4,5], by epitaxial growth on Fe substrates [6,7] or by grain boundary effect of bicrystal [8].
A simple way to estimate the discreteness of the electronic states in the precipitate is to count the number of electrons filling the FS.
The FS volume of monovalent metal is given by:
� � �
� � � � � � 
, where N is the number of atoms in the volume V.

Skarn sulfide ore bodies occur in the contact zone between porphyritic or grained biotite granite rock mass and carbonate rocks of the lower Gejiu Formation; this type of deposit is dominated by Sn and Cu mineralization, which is the largest type in the Laochang ore field.
Fig.4 The number of existing ore bodies in different strata With the solid models of strata and existing ore bodies, statistical results show that there are 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65, 792, 1277, 1704, 2044 and 3077 deep mineralization cell blocks respectively in T2g32, T2g31, T2g24, T2g23, T2g22, T2g21, T2g16, T2g15, T2g14, T2g13, T2g12 and T2g11 (Fig. 4).
Statistics should be carried out on the number of cubic blocks with high value of information in each target and then each target should be named as As3-1, As3-2, As3-3, Bs2-1, Bs2-2, Cs5-1, Cs5-2, Cs5-3, Cs5-4 and Cs5-5 (s marks deep ore body, A, B and C represent prospecting potential grade of targets in decreasing sequence) (Fig. 9 and Fig. 10) , based on the prospecting potential grade.

In the case of wet abrasion condition, contact area between ball and sample surface has been supplied with a suspension of SiC with an average grain size of 4 in distilled water having a concentration of 50 ml SiC/173ml H2O for increased abrasion action.
As in any wear test, there are a large number of parameters that affect the results of ball cratering test.
Hence, there are a number of possible mechanisms of micro-abrasion.

Mingli Huang[10] etc take account of the influence of different grain sizes and distribution of the flaws on the propagation process of cracks in rock, then a mathematical model is established.
Their physical meanings and roles are the bulk modulus, controlling cunctative elastic numbers, elastic shear modulus, determining cunctative elastic velocity and viscous flowing velocity respectively
Model establishment The actual size of the sample is based on the laboratory test, as shown in Figure 2, we establish cylinder model and divide it into grid, the origin of coordinates is built on the model where is axial and radial of the midpoint location, then the unit of the longest side is less than 2mm, the number of unit is 62400 and nodes is 63125.

Coupled with low density, there are a number of virtues to stimulate their widespread application in aviation, aerospace, machinery and automobile field, including high strength-to-weight ratio, favorable corrosion resistance and easy implement of moulding [[] F.M.
Zhang et al. [[] X P Zhang, Y J Ren, Z Sun in: Journal of China University of Mining and Technology(English Edition), 2006, 16(4): 475-479. ] studied the influence of grain refining and metamorphism to mechanical properties, and analyzed several effective factors in the modification process.
K Maximum load Pmax [kN] Minimum load Pmin [kN] Resonant frequency f [Hz] Cycle N Remarks 1 0.6 16.74 1.67 107.6 74671 Fracture failure 2 0.6 16.74 1.67 92.2 43767 Fracture failure 3 0.5 13.95 1.40 105.7 159170 Fracture failure 4 0.5 13.95 1.40 93.2 75311 Fracture failure 5 0.4 11.16 1.12 103.4 246610 Fracture failure 6 0.35 9.77 0.98 104 234815 Fracture failure 7 0.35 9.77 0.98 100.1 442317 Uneven fracture 8 0.32 8.93 0.89 103.6 484154 Fracture failure 9 0.32 8.93 0.89 98.5 2×106 Not broken 10 0.32 8.93 0.89 100 507048 Fracture failure 11 0.315 8.79 0.88 95.2 482316 Micropore on fracture surface 12 0.315 8.79 0.88 97.2 2×106 Not broken 13 0.31 8.65 0.87 102.3 1452337 Fracture failure 14 0.31 8.65 0.87 94.2 2×106 Not broken 15 0.3 8.37 0.84 99.9 2×106 Not broken 16 0.3 8.37 0.84 97.5 2×106 Not broken By using maximum stress S=σmax=Pmax/A and cycle number N as vertical and horizontal coordinate respectively, power function is recommended as fitting formula

The Suspension Solids are solidified grains over 1mm and can be removed by gravity settling or the filtration method [1] Once the turbidity has intensified, it results in a heavier operating load for each unit in the Purifying Plant thus affecting the output of the water supply [2].
Result and Discussion Out of the stream water suspended solids and removal rate of change Experimental analysis of samples sequence number out of the water flow of each: 8 ml/s (No.: 1,5,9,13 ...), 17 ml/s (No.: 2,6,10,14 ...), 50 ml /s (No.: 3,7,11,15 ...), 100 ml/s (No.: 4,8,12,15 ...) cycle, with different overflow height and the depth of the outflow parameters change, the forward, out of water.
Suspended Solids Removing Ratio (%) 40 cm 30 cm 20 cm 10 cm 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 Sample number Suspended Solids (mg/l) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Overflow Elevation： Area： Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅱ Ⅰ 8 ml/s 17 ml/s 50 ml/s 100 ml/s Influent Water (mg/l) Effluent Water (mg/l) Suspended solids Removing Ratio (%) Fig. 1: Out of stream water suspended solids and removal ratio of change Overflow height and the flow of water suspended solids relationship Handle the overflow height of the experimental water by the formation of the final tailgate, and the water quality of the effluent suspended solids concentration with a very close relationship to the gravity settling.

Thanks to that it is possible to decrease to the minimum numbers of experiments and also time needed to prepare it.
Specific material law formulations take into consideration thermal-elastic-plastic material behaviour and hardening including phase transformations, visco-plastic material behaviour including phase transformations, transformation plasticity, individual properties of phases, nonlinear mixture rules of properties of phases and restoring of strain hardening during phase transformation and the influence of the size of the austenite grains formed [1,2].
Decreasing number of experiment is a faster response on the market demands and saving money.

Soybean oil (SO), with OH#=305mg KOH/g and functionality 4.2, was bought from Lianyuangang City Jiaxiang Grain and Oil Trade Co., Ltd.
The numbers of open foams decreased with increased curing time.
The timing of events, i.e., phase separation and foam porosity, was significantly different, whereas the difference in the morphological changes was insignificant in terms of the number of closed foams.

Therefore it decreases or completely eliminates the number of sub-components and joining operations.
It has been demonstrated by a number of researchers [35, 36] that SPF can be effectively combined with other sheet forming processes.
For example, pre-machining or grain refinement of selected regions of the undeformed sheer prior to SPF can be used to improve the thickness uniformity.