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Paulino 1,a and Emilio Carlos Nelli Silva 2,b 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Newmark Laboratory, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA 2 Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems, Escola Politecnica da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil a paulino@uiuc.edu, b ecnsilva@usp.br Keywords: Functionally graded materials (FGMs).
Haber: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 130 (1996), p. 203
Terada: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Vol. 59 (2004), p. 1925
Turteltaub: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.191 (2002), p.2283
Kikuchi: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 71(2) (1988), p.197

Research on the Current Situation of Safety Monitoring of Tower Cranes and the Existed Problems Yao Liu a , Baojiang Chen b School of Mechanical-Electronic and Automobile Engineering, Beijing university of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xicheng, Beijing, 100044, china a drliuyao1987@163.com, b Chenbaojiang@bucea.edu.cn Keywords: Tower Crane; Safety Monitoring; Technology Analysis Abstract.
Hence, the safety engineering is always emphasized by some developed countries.
Acknowledges This work was financially supported by the safety and monitoring engineering of Beijing researching center.
[4] Huang Jiangxin, Jian Xiaogang, Yang Pengchun in Chinese: Researching on condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of tower cranes[J],Engineering machinery，2011（9）

Tensor Presentation of Algorithmic Tangent Modulus for Plastic-Damage Models ZHANG Ji, ZHANG Zhong-Xiana and HUANG Cai-Ping School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China a zzx027027@163.com Keywords: plastic-damage model; spectral return-mapping algorithm; algorithmic tangent modulus; fictitious stress tensor Abstract.
Introduction A class of constitutive models characterized by the combination of plasticity and damage within the framework of continuum mechanics are widely used for their abilities to account for both permanent deformation and stiffness degradation of engineering materials.
Govindjee, "Non-smooth multisurface plasticity and viscoplasticity: loading/unloading conditions and numerical algorithms", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 26, 1988, p.2161-2185
Simo, "Algorithms for multiplicative plasticity that preserve the form of the return mappins of the infinitesimal theory", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 99, 1992, p.61-112
Fenves: "A return-mapping algorithm for plastic-damage models: 3d and plane stress formulation", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 50, 2001, p.487-506.

Wear Mechanisms Approach to Ni-P Electroless Plating Applied to Hardening Engine Cylinder Jianmin Sun1, a, Qingmei Yang2,b 1 School of Mechanical-electronic and Automobile Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China 2 College of Automation, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China a jianminsun@tom.com, b yang_qm123@163.com Keywords: Wear Mechanism; Engine Cylinder; Regression Rotation Design; Hardening Technology Abstract.
References [1] Dearnley P.A., Kern E.; Dahm K.L.: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications. vol. 219, no. 2 (2005), p. 121 [2] Xu Fangda, Zhang Yongkang: Journal of Jiangsu University of Technology Science and Technology (Science and Technology Edition). vol. 23, no. 2 (2001), p. 18 [3] Chen Fengbin, Bi Rui: Journal of Jiangsu University of Technology Science and Technology (Science and Technology Edition). vol. 23, no. 2 (2001), p. 22 [4] Takaoka Katsuya, Hirota Ken, Kato Masaki: Journal of the Society of Materials Science. vol. 55, no. 3 (2006), p. 258 [5] Xue Shaoping, Yan Qinlao: Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery. vol. 32, no. 6 (2001), p. 117 [6] Tian Bin, Yue Wen, Zheng Xian, et al: Lubrication Engineering. no. 6 (2006), p. 74 [7] Hwang Jong-Hyun, Han Myoung-Seoup, Kim Dae-Young: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. vol. 15, no. 3 (2006), p. 328 [8] Xu Zhongru: Optimum

The Forming Principle of Reflection Cracks of Composite Lay in old Bridge Reinforcement Daoming Zhang 1, 2, Xuedong Guo 2 and Mingliang Zhang2 1 School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003 China 2 College of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China guoxd@jlu.edu.cn Keywords: Bridge reinforcement, Composite-slab,Shrinkage crack, Peak tensile stress.
Engineering survey showed these cracks was scattered according to certain interval.
To early concrete reinforced on old bridge, limited shrinkage is a way to control concrete cracks, compensating shrinkage and enhancing modulus and strength, add thickness of the composite-slab are technology for reducing and avoiding concrete engineering cracking Acknowledgement It is a project supported by the Ph.
Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering, Vol. 26(1993), p. 73 -82,in Chinese [3] Byfied M P: Analysis of composite beams with widely shear connectors.
The Structural Engineers, Vol. 80 (2002), p. 35-38

References [1] Peng Yuan,Issam E.Harik: submitted to Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering (2008)
[3] Peng Yuan,Issam E.Harik, M.ASCEE: submitted to Journal of Bridge Engineering (2010)
[5] Liu Jiancheng,Gu Yongning: submitted to China Ocean Engineering (2002)
[7] P.Terndrup Pedersen: submitted to Proceedings Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M:Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment (2002)

Influence of Sulfate Attack and Drying-wetting Cycle on Properties of Mortar CHEN Da1, a, WANG Na2, b and JIANG Chaohua3, c College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China achenda@hhu.edu.cn, b651931655ziyan@gmail.com, cjianghohai@hotmail.com Keywords: Mortar, Sulfate, Drying-wetting Cycle, Mechanical Behavior, Mass Change Abstract.
Introduction Corrosion problem of reinforced concrete in marine engineering influences seriously of normal using of structure.
Therefore, study of concrete deterioration subjected to couple of sulfate attack and drying-wetting cycle has importance theory and engineering practice meaning.
References [1] Peng Zhang, Yongzhen Xian, Tiejun Zhao: Coastal Engineering, Vol. 24 (2005), p. 78-84 (In Chinese) [2] Jun Wang, Rongzheong Du, Yanping Liu: Construction & Design for Project, No.2 (2006), p. 76-77 (In Chinese) [3] Weidong Yang, Jianmin Liu, Peiyun Chi: Concrete, No. 8 (2003), p. 22-24 (In Chinese) [4] R.D.
Chen: China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 43 (2010), p. 48-53 (In Chinese) [5] H.A.F.

Fracture Properties and Characteristics of Sisal Textile Reinforced Epoxy Composites Yan Li1, a, Yiu-Wing Mai 2, b and Lin Ye 2, c 1 School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R.
Introduction Nowadays composite materials have been widely used in many industries, such as aerospace, automobile, civil, sports, et. al..
Sisal fiber, as one kind of natural fibers which have been interestingly studied, has also caused a lot of attentions in materials scientists and engineers and was selected in this research [4-6].
Misra: Polymer-plastics Technology Engineering Vol. 34 (1995), p. 729
Mai: Engineered Interfaces in Fiber Reinforced Composites (Elsevier Science Ltd, 1998) [11] Y.C.

Cost Analysis of a Hybrid Airship Vehicle for Cargo Delivery MAHZAN Muhammad Iyas1,a,* , MUHAMAD Sallehuddin. 1,b 1UTM RAZAK School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The combination of RDT&E cost with flyaway cost was known as civil purchase price.
This includes the cost for engineering, tooling, development and support and also flight test.
Engineering Tooling Development and Support Flight Test Total RDT&E JSC Cost Model 1773 905 174 39 2891 Raymer’s 1798.68 1074.518 15.21 36 2924.408 Average 1785.84 989.759 94.605 37.5 2907.704 The materials and components cost are as shown in Fig. 4 below.
Mahzan, et.al., AIAA RFP: Team Garuda Proposal, Aerospace Engineering Department, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, 2011

Numerical Study of CFRP-Bonded Pressure Pipes Subject to Impact Load Yang Zhao1, a, Zhenyu Wang2, b and Zhiguo He1, c 1Ocean college, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2 College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; a20912189@zju.edu.cn, b wzyu@zju.edu.cn, c hezhiguo@gmail.com Keywords: Numerical simulation; CFRP-bonded; Pressure pipes; Impact load; Fluid-structure interaction.
These numerical methods have been proven correct in simulating the CFRP composite structures and pressure pipes subjected to transverse impact load in previous work [[4] Zhenyu Wang, Yang Zhao, Xu Liang, and Zhiguo He, Analysis of the Dynamic Response in Blast-Loaded CFRP-Strengthened Metallic Beams, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 2013 (2013) ,[5] Yang Zhao, Guowei Ma, Zhenyu Wang, Numerical study on high-velocity impact behavior of the pressure pipes, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, in review. ].
Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 21(1985), p31-48. ] is a constitutive model for metals such as steel subjected to large strains, high strain rates and elevated temperatures.
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.193(2004), No.39-41, p 4383-4399. ] .
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 37(2010) No.1, p37-49. ] 4340 Steel Density (g/cm3) 7.80 Poisson's ratioν 0.3 Elastic modulus E(GPa) 210 Tmelt(K) 1793 Johnson-cook model constants of Steel (4340 steel) A (MPa) 792 D1 0.05 B (MPa) 510 D2 3.44 n 0.26 D3 -2.12 C 0.014 D4 0.002 m 1.03 D5 0.61 CFRP Density (g/cm3) 1.7 Shear modulus G23(GPa) 3.7 Thickness (mm) 0.176 Poisson's ratiosν12=ν13 0.0058 Elastic modulus E1(GPa) 240 Poisson's ratioν23 0.25 E2=E3(GPa) 10 Tensile strength, fu (MPa) 3800 Shear modulus G12=G13(GPa) 26.5 Ultimate elongation, εf 1.55% Table 2: Properties of methane [[12] Chase MW, Jr.