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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Ching I Lin, Shin Li Lu, Shih Hung Tai
They need a large amount of data to construct a proper forecasting model.
With the life cycle of products, however, data collected are limit.
Therefore, in order to obtain a highly accurate forecasting model with limit data, Deng [15] first presented the grey forecasting model from grey theory to overcome the problem facing a few data.
A non-parametetric learning algorithm for small manufacturing data sets.
An improved grey-based approach for early manufacturing data forecasting.
With the life cycle of products, however, data collected are limit.
Therefore, in order to obtain a highly accurate forecasting model with limit data, Deng [15] first presented the grey forecasting model from grey theory to overcome the problem facing a few data.
A non-parametetric learning algorithm for small manufacturing data sets.
An improved grey-based approach for early manufacturing data forecasting.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Wen Ji Xu, Xu Yue Wang, Bin Tao, H.Z. Zhen
For generating the training data for neural network, four levels of all parameters are taken as
shown in Table 3.
After learning about experimental data, the precision of model can be enhanced [6].
In the BP neural networks training, the ranges of inputting and outputting data are usually different.
Eq. 1 shows the transforming rule, x a y b a − = − (1) where x is the original data, y is the normalized data, a and b are the original minimum and maximum respectively.
Table 4 shows the experimental normalized data for training and verify.
After learning about experimental data, the precision of model can be enhanced [6].
In the BP neural networks training, the ranges of inputting and outputting data are usually different.
Eq. 1 shows the transforming rule, x a y b a − = − (1) where x is the original data, y is the normalized data, a and b are the original minimum and maximum respectively.
Table 4 shows the experimental normalized data for training and verify.
Online since: October 2020
Authors: Misael Souto de Oliveira, Antonio Almeida Silva, Marco Antonio dos Santos, Jorge Antonio Palma Carrasco, João Vitor de Queiroz Marques
Using a profile projector and graphical data processing and analysis software, the area of the fracture surface of the specimen was meansured, which allowed to correlate a crack size with a corresponding value of potential drop and the calibration curve.
This reduction in sensitivity eventually incorporated errors and even rendered crack propagation imperceptible.
This reduction in sensitivity eventually incorporated errors and even rendered crack propagation imperceptible.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid, Yun Tan Xiao, Wei Lai Chin
From the XRD data, it could be observed that sharper crystalline peak and higher crystallinity index (CrI) present within heat-treated samples which corresponded to higher crystalline structure of cellulose I.
Our research finding was found in corraborated with work done by Man and his co-workers in which trend of increase in crystallinity index and reduction in crystalline size were observed in NCC [6].
Our research finding was found in corraborated with work done by Man and his co-workers in which trend of increase in crystallinity index and reduction in crystalline size were observed in NCC [6].
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Fan Jiang, Yue Zeng Xu
The performance test of mixed flow pump
The test of pump according to GB3216—89 (The performance test of centrifugal pump, mixed flow pump,axial flow pump and vortex pump), data are as follows:
Table.1 Testing parameters of pump performance
Design parameters
Flow
Q(m3/h)
Lift
H(m)
Efficiency
η(%)
Rotational speed
n(r/min)
Designed values
2000
8
55
755
Measured values
2100
7.6
47
723
Technology features
Application range.
Comparing to the similar performance sets in home area, this set has a more than 35% reduction on weight, which made it very practice to be applied in small reservoirs in remote regions with no road to get on dams or even with only walkways.
The design of the support structure of blade wheel axis is changed from traditional jib arm to simple supported beam, which gets the profit below: as the stress condition of wheel axis is changed, the running stability is improved significantly, the vibration and noise are reduced, the problem of overheat of bearings in jib arm supporting point which has a negative influence on continues running are solved fundamentally, and the weight of this part gets a reduction of more than 50%.
Comparing to the similar performance sets in home area, this set has a more than 35% reduction on weight, which made it very practice to be applied in small reservoirs in remote regions with no road to get on dams or even with only walkways.
The design of the support structure of blade wheel axis is changed from traditional jib arm to simple supported beam, which gets the profit below: as the stress condition of wheel axis is changed, the running stability is improved significantly, the vibration and noise are reduced, the problem of overheat of bearings in jib arm supporting point which has a negative influence on continues running are solved fundamentally, and the weight of this part gets a reduction of more than 50%.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Roberta Licheri, Roberto Orrù, Giacomo Cao, Clara Musa
This result is consistent with the better sinterability displayed by ZrB2 powders obtained by SHS as compared to the analogous product prepared otherwise, specifically by replacement reaction and carbothermic reduction process [15].
Thus, composites sinterability was in this case likely improved by the reduction of diffusion distances among the three ceramic phases produced in situ by SHS.
Barin: in Thermochemical data of pure substances (VHC, 1989) [10] W.W.
Thus, composites sinterability was in this case likely improved by the reduction of diffusion distances among the three ceramic phases produced in situ by SHS.
Barin: in Thermochemical data of pure substances (VHC, 1989) [10] W.W.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Arman Zarebidaki, Saeed Reza Allahkaram
. % NaCl solution used was around 6.0, the most possible cathodic reaction would be the reduction of the dissolved oxygen (Eq. 1) [12].
Potentiodynamic polarization curves of electroless coatings prepared with various concentrations of SiC particles Hence, in non-deaerated condition, the reduction of the dissolved oxygen could give rise to an increase in pH closer to the coated surface.
Table2: Electrochemical data obtained from potentiodynamic polarization curves of electroless Coatings prepared with various concentrations of SiC nano-particles.
Potentiodynamic polarization curves of electroless coatings prepared with various concentrations of SiC particles Hence, in non-deaerated condition, the reduction of the dissolved oxygen could give rise to an increase in pH closer to the coated surface.
Table2: Electrochemical data obtained from potentiodynamic polarization curves of electroless Coatings prepared with various concentrations of SiC nano-particles.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: D.G. Verzhitsky, V.A. Trifonov, V.A. Shabashev
The graph method implies analyzing the diagram of the explanatory variable which in the given case is characterized by relatively low scatter of the data cloud from the linear trend line.
With the principle of natural resource use on the paying basis realized correctly the increase of the ecological payments paid by the natural resource users must promote pollution reduction.
Ecological payments elasticity of emissions known we arrive at possible reduction of emissions into the atmosphere by 7.06%.
With the principle of natural resource use on the paying basis realized correctly the increase of the ecological payments paid by the natural resource users must promote pollution reduction.
Ecological payments elasticity of emissions known we arrive at possible reduction of emissions into the atmosphere by 7.06%.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Yong Ping Jing, Dan Dan Wen
Bosseboeuf (1997) defined energy efficiency from both technical and economic aspects: the technical energy efficiency was the reduction of energy consumption caused by the technological progress, the changing of life style, the improvement of management efficiency; the economic energy efficiency referred to getting more economic output and better quality of life with less energy investment.
In 2006-2010, per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) energy consumption in China fell by 19.1%, which basically realized the binding targets (20%) set by "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" set, and initially twisting the increasing trend of late "Tenth Five-Year Plan" per Unit of GDP energy consumption and emissions of major pollutants; “ ‘Twelfth Five-Year Plan’ Comprehensively Energy saving and emission reduction work plan” clearly required that National per ten thousand GDP energy consumption fall to 0.869 tons of standard coal (by 2005 prices) until 2015, down from 1.034 tons of standard coal in 2010 by 16%, down from 1.276 tons of standard coal in 2005 by 32%, achieving the energy saving goal of 670 million tons of standard coal during "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period.
Tab.3-2 Unit GDP Energy Consumption in Different Regions of China [tce / million] Regions 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Beijing 0.46 0.58 0.61 0.66 0.71 0.76 0.80 Tianjin 0.71 0.83 0.84 0.95 1.02 1.07 1.11 Shanghai 0.62 0.71 0.73 0.80 0.83 0.87 0.88 Jiangsu 0.60 0.73 0.76 0.80 0.85 0.89 0.92 Zhejiang 0.59 0.72 0.74 0.78 0.83 0.86 0.90 Guangdong 0.56 0.66 0.68 0.72 0.75 0.77 0.79 Shandong 0.86 1.03 1.07 1.10 1.18 1.23 1.28 Hebei 1.30 1.58 1.64 1.73 1.84 1.90 1.96 Shanxi 1.76 2.24 2.36 2.55 2.76 2.89 2.95 Chongqing 0.95 1.13 1.18 1.27 1.33 1.37 1.42 Qinghai 2.08 2.55 2.69 2.94 3.06 3.12 3.07 Ningxia 2.28 3.31 3.45 3.69 3.95 4.10 4.14 Data sources: China statistical yearbook (2006-2012) The Wide Gap Between China’s Energy Efficiency and the World Advanced Level.
In 2006-2010, per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) energy consumption in China fell by 19.1%, which basically realized the binding targets (20%) set by "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" set, and initially twisting the increasing trend of late "Tenth Five-Year Plan" per Unit of GDP energy consumption and emissions of major pollutants; “ ‘Twelfth Five-Year Plan’ Comprehensively Energy saving and emission reduction work plan” clearly required that National per ten thousand GDP energy consumption fall to 0.869 tons of standard coal (by 2005 prices) until 2015, down from 1.034 tons of standard coal in 2010 by 16%, down from 1.276 tons of standard coal in 2005 by 32%, achieving the energy saving goal of 670 million tons of standard coal during "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period.
Tab.3-2 Unit GDP Energy Consumption in Different Regions of China [tce / million] Regions 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Beijing 0.46 0.58 0.61 0.66 0.71 0.76 0.80 Tianjin 0.71 0.83 0.84 0.95 1.02 1.07 1.11 Shanghai 0.62 0.71 0.73 0.80 0.83 0.87 0.88 Jiangsu 0.60 0.73 0.76 0.80 0.85 0.89 0.92 Zhejiang 0.59 0.72 0.74 0.78 0.83 0.86 0.90 Guangdong 0.56 0.66 0.68 0.72 0.75 0.77 0.79 Shandong 0.86 1.03 1.07 1.10 1.18 1.23 1.28 Hebei 1.30 1.58 1.64 1.73 1.84 1.90 1.96 Shanxi 1.76 2.24 2.36 2.55 2.76 2.89 2.95 Chongqing 0.95 1.13 1.18 1.27 1.33 1.37 1.42 Qinghai 2.08 2.55 2.69 2.94 3.06 3.12 3.07 Ningxia 2.28 3.31 3.45 3.69 3.95 4.10 4.14 Data sources: China statistical yearbook (2006-2012) The Wide Gap Between China’s Energy Efficiency and the World Advanced Level.