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The refractive index and porosity were found to vary with treatment temperature and number of dippings.
The latter are due probably to the progress in the formation of the anatase phase and to the increase of the size of the grains.
Fig. 7: Characteristics Intensity Potential of TiO2 thin films obtained after annealing at 450°C for various numbers of dippings: 1(a) and 2 layers (b).

For a large number of aeronautical materials including aluminum alloys, titanium alloys and steels, systematic efforts have been made at recent years to study the regime of small crack growth, to apply continuum mechanics, ∆K analyses, and the crack-closure concept to naturally occurring small cracks and large crack growth and to make total fatigue life predictions solely based on crack growth from the assumed initial material defects [2, 3].
The microstructures of the three areas are significantly different, the grain sizes being the largest in the weld zone.
Weld zone HAZ TA15 Table 2 Statistics of crack initiation sites Crack initiation sites Number Percent TA15 sheet 1 4.4% Weld zone 7 30.4% HAZ 15 65.2% Fig.3 Typical SEM pictures of crack initiation for welded joint (R=0.06, σmax=600MPa) Obtained fatigue S-N data for argon-arc welded joints at different stress ratios are given in Fig.4 Comparison of median fatigue S-N curves between parent metal and weld joint is given in Fig.5.

TABLE 1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SIC SiC properties density Bending strength Hardness Fracture Toughness Elastic modulus Poisson rate Grain Size ρ[g/cm3] σb[MPa] Hv[GPa] KIC[MPa.m1/2] E[GPa] R[-] dg[μm] SiC 3.05 430 23 3.0 350 0.16 50 The grinding contact zone temperature was measured by a grindable thermocouple technique[17].
Table 2 gives 8 random experiment number to verify the model in formula (1).
Salomon, Process for machining metals of similar acting materials when being worked by cutting tools, German patent, Number 523594, 1931

By a suitable selection of the PE spheres fraction and volume percentage, it is possible to modify some important porosity characteristics of the final component, such as the mean pore size, the total pore volume, the pore geometry as well as the pore interconnection number and size.
Since the pore size depends on the starting powder particle size as well as on the grain size in the intermediate stage of sintering, a thermal treatment at low temperature allows to obtain porous materials having nanometric pores.
Figure 5 – SEM micrograph of (a) alumina and (b) zirconia porous materials A limited number of interconnections among pores was observed as a consequence of the low PE volume amount.
On the ground of these results, it can be reasonably supposed that the finer PE fraction allows the development of a more interconnected porosity: in fact, the smaller the spheres, the higher the number of contact points.

It is an illitic silty-clayey soil with a grain size distribution of 16.3% clay (<0.002 mm), 42.9% silt (0.002-0.063 mm), 40.4% sand (0.063-2 mm) and 0.4% gravel (>2 mm).
During the test, the number of instability events (sounds resulting from thermal instabilities) and their time and intensities were tracked.
The time, number and intensity of the occurring instability events were noted during the progress of the fire test and they are presented in Tab. 2.
Equalized samples at 75%RH showed a higher number of broken pieces (190 pieces, Tab. 3) relative to 24% mass.
It influenced the number and intensity of instability events and consequently the amount of damage and collapse the sample was exposed to. 3.

Microbial cell surface and internal organelles offer a large number of active functional groups and possible physicochemical mechanisms of interaction (e.g. complexation, coordination, chelation, ion exchange, adsorption, microprecipitation, reduction-oxidation) with soluble metal and metalloid species, [10].
Describing biosorption as a set of chemical reactions of metal species with the cell functional groups, although gives better mechanistic approach to the phenomenon, has a drawback due to the fact that the number of the functional groups are not discrete and the metal - functional group stability constants are rarely known accurately.
The operation of the filter is based on the fact that sand grains act as support carrier material for biomass immobilisation.

The increasing number of new lightweight materials, both non-metallic as well as metallic, increasingly support the trend toward lightweight construction.
With this new method a lot of complex aluminum parts can be realized in high numbers.
Merklein: Enhanced Formability of Ultrafine-Grained Aluminium Blanks by Local Heat Treatments.

But the full potential utilization of this process is not completely solved because of its complex stochastic nature and more number of variables involved in this operation.
The dry friction and wear behavior of WC–Co cemented carbides, exhibiting 6 to 12 wt. % cobalt as binder phase and average carbide grain sizes ranging from 0.3 up to 2.2 μm, combined with various surface finishing variants of WEDM, was evaluated by performing linearly reciprocating pin-on-flat sliding experiments against WC–Co cemented carbide using normal contact loads of 15 N up to 35 N and a sliding velocity of 0.3 m/s [8].In this present study an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed, to predict the performance characteristics of WEDM process when machining WC-Co composite, since this is one of the frequently machined material for the tool and die application and to obtain the complex shapes, usage of WEDM is advisable.
E (MSE) = å E (p) (8) Results and Discussion The four critical learning parameters of neural network, namely the training cycle, number of neurons in the hidden layer, learning rate, and the momentum factor, are selected as the control factors.

Virtual domain combinatorial double auction can not only easily solving the problem of the monopolistic advantages in the one-way auction, but also reducing the number of transactions and transaction costs in the two-way auction of items with one single attribute. 3.1 Building combinatorial auction trust based on the virtual domain In each virtual domain, there is a grid resource auctioneer.
To the resource customer, when the supply of one resource grows in number, then reduces the quoted price.
Construction of Peer-to-Peer Multiple-Grain Trust Model[J].

From the practical perspective, the “melting” mode is inexpedient for this type of mating, as it becomes necessary to restore the surface state by honing and removing a significant part of the nitrided layer, since at the same time the number of permissible cylinder repairs is reduced.
It is known that with a decrease in grain size and an increase in the level of dispersion (amorphization), for most iron-carbon alloys, the friction coefficient decreases and the bearing capacity of the modified layer increases, the breaking-in period decreases [8–10].
Based on these provisions, one can formulate a number of important structural and technological recommendations both in the production and in the repair of the studied CPG elements.