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However, in practice, the p-n junction characteristics of the solar cell limit the output power, and thus FF usually has a value of around 70~80%, depending on the particular materials used to construct the solar cell device.
Nijs, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells Vol.65, (2001), p477 [3] V.Y.
Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol.17, (2006), p.251 [9] K.F.
Materials Science:Materials in Electronics, Vol.16, (2005), p529 [10] W.C.
Yarn, Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, Vol.1, (2006), p11 [11] K.F.

A low contact point is essential to exploit the excellent properties of SiC materials in devices.
Journal of Electronic Materials, 34(10), 1310-1312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-005-0255-6 [5] Ito, K., Onishi, T., Takeda, H., Kohama, K., Tsukimoto, S., Konno, M., & Murakami, M. (2008).
Journal of Electronic Materials, 37(11), 1674-1680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0525-1 [6] Rogowski, J., & Kubiak, A. (2015).
Materials Science and Engineering: B, 191, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2014.10.015 [7] Yu, H., Zhang, X., Shen, H., Tang, Y., Bai, Y., Wu, Y., & Liu, X. (2015).
Journal of Electronic Materials, 38(4), 569–573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0609-y [13] Kuchuk, A.V., Guziewicz, M., Ratajczak, R., Wzorek, M., Kladko, V.P., & Piotrowska, A. (2008).

However, such a high operating temperature may cause a great challenge to the materials used in the fuel cell such as thermal mismatch among these materials.
Cerium and gadolinium acetate hydrate (99.99 % Aldrich) were used as starting materials.
Wenhui: Journol of Memrane Science, Vol. 286 (2006), p.255 [2] R.O.
Meng: Materials Chemistry and Physics , Vol. 78 (2003), p. 791 [4] Z.C.
Muccillo: Materials Research Bulletin, Vol.38 (2003), p.1979

In this paper, the hybrid composites of A7050/Al2O3/ZrO2 with different wt. % of reinforcement materials (0.5, 1, 1.5wt. % ZrO2, and 1wt. % Al2O3 constant for all composites) were fabricated by stir casting method.
Brechet, “On the relationship between microstructure, strength and toughness in AA7050 aluminum alloy”, Materials Science and Engineering A356 (2003) 326-336
Mohan, “Influence of stirring speed and stirring time on distribution of particles in cast metal matrix composite”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 171 (2006) 268–273
Baghchesara, “Investigation into the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of A356 aluminum alloy-based zro2-particle-reinforced metal-Matrix composites”, Mechanics of Composite Materials, 49 (2013) 849-858
[10] ErvinaEfzanM.N ,SitiSyazwani N , and Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah “Fabrication Method of Aluminum Matrix Composite (Amcs): A Review”, Key Engineering Materials, 700 (2016) 102-110.

It is well known that the optical properties of rare-earth ion-doped luminescent materials are influenced by the matrix [10]. 2.
The initial materials used were Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), Strontium Carbonate (SrCO3), Magnesium Oxide (MgO), and Europium Oxide (Eu2O3).
Grabmaier, Luminescent Materials, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1994
Murthy, Optical Properties of Eu3+ Doped Gadolinium Silicate Phosphors, Indian Journal of Science & Research, 10 (1) (2021) 516-521 [11] J Kaur, D Chandrakar, V Dubey, R Shrivastava, Y Parganiha, Photoluminescence Characteristics of Dysprosium Doped CeO 2 Phosphor for White Light Emission, Journal of Display Technology 12 (5) (2016) 506 512 [12] Y Parganiha, J Kaur, V Dubey, R Shrivastava, YAlO3:Ce3+ powders: Synthesis, characterization, thermoluminescence and optical studies, Superlattices and Microstructures 85 (2015) 410-417 [13] D Singh, J Kaur, NS Suryanarayana, R Shrivastava, V Dubey, Synthesis and luminescent behavior of UV induced Dy3+ activated LaAlO3, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 28 (3) (2017) 2462 - 2470 [14] R Shrivastava, J Kaur, BP Chandra, Mechanoluminescence of Ba2MgSi2O7 doped with Eu2+ and Dy3+ phosphor by impulsive deformation, Luminescence, 30 (08) (2015) 1207 – 1211
Grabmarier, Luminescence Materials., Springer - Verlag, Berlin, 99 (1994) [19] G.

On the Accumulating Characteristics of Nuclide Cs in Chenopodium album Linn, the Hyper-accumulator Plant Yu Zhang1, a, Zongya Tao2, b 1 Southwest University of Science and Technology Graduate Department Office, Mianyang 621010 China; 2 College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101 China; a zhangyugood@yahoo.com.cn, b qfw2010@126.com Keywords: Chenopodium album Linn; nuclide; Cs; hyper-accumulator.
Materials and methods Materials The seeds of Chenopodium album Linn for experimental use is purchased at Chengdu seed market.
References [1] Dushenkov S, Mikheey A, Prokhnevsky A, et al: Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 33(1999), p. 469-475
[3] Fuhrmann M, Lasat M M, Ebbs S D. , et al: Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 32(2003), p. 2272-2272
H: Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Vol.24 (2010), p. 628-633.

The thickness of all the lamina is assumed to be constant and of same material without varying individual property of materials used.
It is assumed that one of the material property (i.e., E11) change at a time keeping other as a deterministic, with their mean values of the material properties.
In general, the hygrothermal effects are of due importance for analyzing the structure made of composite materials.
Fiber Science Technology, 1978, vol 11, pp. 353–65
[7] B N Singh and V K Verma, “Hygrothermal effects on the buckling of laminated composite plates with random geometric and material properties”, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2009, vol 28 (4), pp. 409-427.

Ren: Acta Material Comopositae Sinica, Vol 16 (1999), p.1
Sun et al: Materials and Design.
Wu: Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Vol 12, No. 29(2001), p.98
Song: Journal of Sound and Vibration.
Zhou: Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol 248(2001), p.79

Effect of Tempering Process on Residual Stress in Hot Rolled Low Carbon Martensite High-Strength Steel Strip Lin Sun1,a, Zhiyi Zhao1,b, Xiaozhen Yang2,c and Rundong Xue1,d 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China 2 Hot Rolling Department, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., No. 885 Fujin Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China aqingdaosunlin@126.com, bzhaozhiyi@263.net, cyangxzh@baosteel.com, dxrd@ustb.edu.cn Keywords: High-strength Steel; Martensite; Tempering Process; Residual Stress Abstract.
Materials and methods Take several plates from a hot rolled low carbon martensite high-strength steel strip coil made by a certain factory as research objects.
The material will deform at first elastically and then plastically.
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According to Chinese GB/T 228-2002 for metal materials tensile test methods, sample with length in 400mm ~ 450mm was cut from the rebar and then tensile stretch test was carried out by DLY-600 type 600KN universal tensile testing machine.
Yu: Advanced materials research Vol.189-193(2011), p.752 [4] S.
Zajac: Material Science Technology Vol. 22 (2006), p.317 [5] Q.
Sun: Journal of Material Science Vol.42 (2007), p.10080 [7] W.
Zheng: Journal of iron and steel research Vol.15 (2003), p.38, in chinese [8] L.