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In Fig. 2(b), a close-up view of region I shows relatively coarse grains in the base metal.
In Fig. 2(c), a close-up view of region II shows finer grains with dispersed pure aluminum layers (marked by small arrows) in the stir zone.
For the limited number of specimens available, we could not determine more precisely the applied load range for the transition of one cracking mode to the other.

To define the heat flux to the grinding wheel, a partition ratio Rws of “workpiece – grinding wheel”, which is independent of the heat to the chips and coolant, is introduced in Eq. 4 based on Hahn’s model for a grain sliding on a workpiece with the grinding wheel speed vs [18]
The value r0 describes the radius of an average CBN grain and λk the thermal conductivity of CBN abrasives.
Fig. 3, Temperature along the tool path after 0.1 s with heat flux qt = 0.17 kW/mm² A dimensionless number of x/lc was introduced in Fig. 3 to illustrate the different positions of maximum temperatures, where lc is the contact length and x is the position along the line of the moving heat source.

Therefore, it can be said that Al present in the secondary phases (areas between large grains) as NbAl3, Cr2Al and Mo3Al was used for the Al2O3 formation.
The formation of the initial Al2O3 layer may be mainly due to grain boundary diffusion of Al, though Al of AlNbCr phase (major phase) was also used for this.
This may be related to the increase in the number of small cracks in it.

Currently, the machine building enterprises widely use the casting of nonferrous alloys in cold-hardening mixtures (CHM-casting), casting under piston pressure using high-frequency electromagnetic fields, provide more steady qualities in all directions of macro grain developed in the article by F.B.
In this case, as the objective function it is reasonably to take the following processing time: (2) where the processing time is inversely proportional to the control action: (3) Thus, we obtain the final expression for our objective function: (4) And let us determine constraints according to the following expressions: - the number of machined parts, (5) - "efficiency” of workshop, (6) where - total transmission time of processing workshop, - amount of detail, which has undergone full treatment in the shop, - the number of parts that come into the shop; - number of details gone to the warehouse because machines were busy working.
Also we prescribe in the process “source”, “sink1”, “sink”, the following steps during exit action (source) and input (sink): agent.time_vxod = time () - counter of input time; col_sklad = sink1.in.count () - counter of the numbers of unprocessed blanks arriving at the warehouse; time_obrabotki.add (time () - agent.time_vxod) – calculation of processing time, ver_obrabotki.add (col_vixod / (agent.col_vxod + 0.01)) - the number of processed blanks,  otdacha = (col_vixod / (col_sklad + 0.01)) - the ratio of processed blank to the departed at the warehouse; col_vixod = sink.in.count ()a counter of released blanks; respectively. 2.
We set the number of 50 intervals and the initial size of 0,001 for convenience.
PV (production volume) in its turn is comprises of: Where is productivity of one machine per unit time, is an average number of machines, T-cycle time.

In combined hardening, as shown in Fig. 2c, the yield stress lowers with every load reversal but gradually increases with the number of cycles.
It is influenced by the dislocation creation, orientation, movement and obstruction due to grain boundaries and precipitates [6].
The cyclic displacement paths and resulting force are shown in the Fig. 3c and it can be seen that the data does not change significantly with the number of cycles.
In this study, the experimental cyclic data does not change significantly with the number of cycles for the investigated strain range (cf.
The difference gradually increases with further rolls in case of A50 and A100 whereas in case of A15 the difference increases at roll number 2 and later decreases.

Forge® is a parallel code that is quite efficient in simulating very complex parts using a large number of cores as well as on entry level computers [3].
To be sure that the optimum is found, total number of chained simulations was 60 with twice the number of parameters computations per generation to be optimized over 10 generations.
Total number of simulations was 600.
Forge® database pre-processor contains software tool based on Kirkaldy method that can compute TTT diagram from chemical composition and grain size material [7].
Anisotropic mesh permits to preserve several elements in the thickness and to decrease the number of nodes for thin sheet part.

The simplicity of this relationship makes it as the preferred choice due to the minimum number of coefficients used in the equation.
The influence of strain rates on steel strengths can be influenced by many factors such as heat treatment, grain density and carbon content [17–20].
Therefore, the results suggest that the number of stiffeners might not necessarily affect the central displacement of the plates when subjected to blast loads.
For configurations, the number of stiffeners does not necessarily affect the steel plates in a positive manner but the nearer the position of stiffener to the central of the plate, the lower the displacement.
However, whether the overall displacement will decrease with the increasing number of stiffeners and more different configurations will need to be investigated in a more detail manner.

When the number of synchronized servers increases, throughput observed at the client drops to one or two orders of magnitude below the link capacity [2].
The sender will decrease its sending rate according the ratio of the number of marked packets to the number of sent packets, then congestion is avoided.
Intuitively, restricting the number of concurrent senders should be effective to solve TCP incast, a many to one transmission model.
But how to choose the optimal number of concurrent senders and how to implement these methods in application level are not given detailedly in both [16] and [17], the implementation of which will need hard works.
Inc, “Safe and effective fine-grained tcp retransmissions for datacenter communication.”  

The average grain sizes of the samples were calculated using the Scherrer equation according to the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak at 2θ =12.7°.
The order of grain size is: OL (1.5 nm) > 0.1Ag/OL (0.9 nm) > 0.2Ag/OL (0.7 nm) > 0.5Ag/OL (0.6 nm) > 0.3Ag/OL (0.5 nm).
Fig. 7 Catalytic activity of OL and xAg/OL for CO Table 2 The T50 and T90 for CO oxidation of OL and xAg/OL Sample CO/T50 (°C) CO/T90 (°C) OL 125 169 0.1Ag/OL 120 151 0.2Ag/OL 110 142 0.3Ag/OL 105 135 0.5Ag/OL 108 138 The reaction rate rcat can be better reflect the catalytic activity [10], where rcat is the number of moles of CO converted per gram of catalyst per second.

This short bibliography contains a limited number of research results of mortars and concrete properties made with refractory brick aggregate (as fine aggregate or additions).
The grain size distribution was performed in accordance with P 18-560 standard [27], and it is presented in Figure 1.
The grain size distribution of natural and recycled aggregates is comparable.