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Relative Importance of Key Performance Indicators of Construction Projects towards Buildability at Design Stage Mehdi Nourbakhsh 1,a, Shaik Hussein Mydin 2,b,Rosli Mohamad Zin 2,c, Samaneh Zolfagharian 2,d,Javier Irizarry 1,e, Mardiyah Zahidi 2,f 1School of Building Construction, College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332-0680 Atlanta, Georgia, USA 2Department of Structures and Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia amehdi.nourbakhsh@gatech.edu, bshaikhussein@ymail.com, croslizin@utm.my, dzsamaneh2@live.utm.my, ejavier.irizarry@coa.gatech.edu, fraunak_902@yahoo.com Keywords: Buildability, Constructability, Key Performance Indicator, Project Evaluation Abstract.
Introduction Buildability is defined as "... the optimum integration of construction knowledge and experience in planning, engineering, procurement, and field operations to achieve overall project objectives." [1].
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE. 111(4) (1985), p. 404-410. 3.
Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology. 5(1) (2007), p. 68-80. 8.
International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology. 2(1) (2011), p. 24-43.

Whole Life Cycle Costing and Quality Satisfaction: Public Housing Floor Material Noorsidi Aizuddin MAT NOOR1, a 1 School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001 QLD, Australia.
(ICC) j = the one time initial construction cost in year j (ACC) k = the one time additional construction cost in year k t = the year of cost is incurred n = the actual service life or period of economic interest EFMt = the economic model operation and maintenance factor for the year t (M) t = the sum of maintenance and repair costs occurring at year t (R) t = the sum of rehabilitation costs occurring at year t (U) t = the annual building service costs occurring at year t (CEPers) t = the annual construction engineering personnel costs occurring at year t (PILT) t = the annual payments in lieu of taxes occurring at year t Presenting cost data in constant year Malaysian Ringgit allows for the comparison of expenditures over a specified period.
Life Cycle Considerations in Urban Infrastructure Engineering.
Journal of Management in Engineering.
The paradigm shift from maintenance to physical asset management, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. (2004) [4] Waevenbergh G.

Technical and economic analysis of polyvinyl alcohol fiber ferrocement mortar in reinforcement project Liangtao Bu1, a, Weihua Wu1,b 1College of Civil Engineering , Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China aplt63@126.com, bkaren-gd@163.com Keywords: Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Ferrocement Mortar, Design Principle, Mechanical Properties, Economic Advantages.
Introduction Structure member strengthening with PVA fiber ferrocement mortar which uses a layer of steel mesh on the old component in vitro and 15~25 mm Polyvinyl Alcohol-Engineered Cementitious Composite (PVA-ECC) enwrapped is a new kind of strengthening method.
Value Engineering(VE): can be used to measure the indicator values such as construction technology, construction efficiency, effectiveness of environmental protection, corrosion resistance, fire resistance, durability(anti-aging) and other indicators in the case of can not be quantified directly.
Acknowledgments Supports from Hunan Guli Engineering New Materials Co., Ltd and Daxing Feinforcement and Reconstruction Engineering Co., Ltd are gratefully acknowledged.
[8] A Partition of Unity Element Method for Simulating Non-linear Debonding and Matrix Failure in Thin fibre Composites, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering(Special Issue: Extended Finite Element Method), 86(4-5),29 April - 6 May (2011),p. 463

Study on Long-term Deformation and Durability of Complex High Titanium Heavy Slag Concrete Jinkun Sun1,2,a,Wei Chen1,2,b,Shuanghua Huang1,2,c ,Bing Li 3,d 1School of Civil Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China 2 Institute of Engineering Structure, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China 3 Supervision Station of Engineering Quality, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China asunjinkun2003@yahoo.com.cn, bcw315000@163.com, chsh@mail.pzhu.edu.cn, djjjlll20070921@163.com Keywords: CHTHSC; Long-term deformation;Durability; Investigation Abstract.
And the sum of them is the alkaline content of CHTHSC A=Aaw+Ama+Ac=1.95(kg/m3), which is within the limit of various engineering structure in different conditions.
Table 5 The sulfate resistance of concrete Curing age (d) Sulfate resistance coefficient Expansion rate(×10-6) Cured in 20oC fresh water Cured in 3.0% sodium sulfate solution 14 0.98 13 17 28 0.97 27 28 60 0.95 54 78 The investigation on durability of CHTHSC projects In order to test the durability of CHTHSC in engineering practice, investigation is carried out on some structures in which HTHSC and CHTHSC have been used.
The creep after 60 days’ curing is 33.9×10-6Mpa, which meets construction and engineering design standards.

As cellular orthotropy and low density material, wood is applied widely in industry and civil architecture, such as traffic packaging cushioning, building and bridge structure[1-3].
Axial compression engineering stress versus strain curves are shown in figure.2(a).
Spruce radial compression engineering stress versus strain curves are shown in figure.2(b).
(a) axial (b) radial (c) tangential Fig.2 Engineering stress versus strain curves of different compression directions top view side view Fig.3 Deformation after axial compression Fig.4 Micrographs after axial compression top view side view wrinkle Fig.5 Deformation after radial compression Fig.6 Micrographs after transverse compression Being similar to radial compression results, tangential compression engineering stress increases with strain in compression experiments, shown in figure.2(c).
Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering.

Dynamic Water Effect on the High Temperature Stability of Asphalt Mixture Hou Minghao1,a, Tan Yiqiu1,b, Hu Bin2,c 1Candidate of PhD, School of Traffic Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road Nangang District, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, China, 150090, 1Professor, School of Traffic Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road Nangang District, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, China, 150090, 2Candidate of PhD, Institute of Road Engineering, South China University of Technology, No.381 Wushan Road Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640, aemail:houminghao@hit.edu.cn bemail: yiqiutan@163.com cemail:hbhit@163.com Keyword: dynamic water, asphalt mixture, high temperture, simulation device Abstract:This paper introduces dynamic water effect into the test, develops a laboratory test device for simulating the dynamic water effect on asphalt pavement, and puts forward a test method of dynamic water effect working together
However, water-related damage of asphalt pavement continuously emerging in the practice engineering, that is because currently research for the dynamic water effect on the road performance of asphalt mixture is paid inadequate attention.
Engineering site investigation also found that the air voids of the roads which appear water damage are mostly in this context.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 1998,10(2), 121-124

F.Kehlbeck[6] realised that it should be dicided according to the wind speed when he investigates the effects of the solar radiation on the bridge construction, and at the same time, he considers a constant wind speed in the range in civil engineering.
The majority object surfaces can be regarded as diffuse surface in engineering.
Thermal Engineering[M].
Engineering radiation heat transfer[M].
Jouornal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 1999.03 p36-41.

Introduction Hydraulic technology has been used in many field, it has been widely applied and developed in civil industry, machine tools, engineering machinery, metallurgical machinery, plastics machinery, agriculture and forestry machinery, automobiles, vessels and so on.
Nowadays, the hydraulic transmission technology is applied in 95% engineering machinery, 90% CNCs and 95% automation lines in developed countries.
MATLAB is a high-level software that is geared to science and engineering calculation, it can process scientific calculation, automatic control and signal processing with great efficiency.
Katsuhiko: Modern Control Engineering (Third Edition) (Electronics Industry Press, Beijing, 2000) [3] G.Y.
Guo: Chinese Mechanical Engineering Vol.14 (2003)No.10, p.823-825

Introduction Currently, there are many treatment methods of fluorine-containing wastewater at civil and abroad.
Application of chemical engineering, 2007, 36 (10):1021
[6] Yang M．Precipitative Removal of Fluoride from Electronics Waste water[J]．Environment Engineering, 2001, 127（10）：902-907
[8] Aldaco R, Irabien A, Luis P．Fluidized Bed Reactor for Fluoride Removal[J]．Chemical Engineering Journal, 2005, 107：113
[9] Aldaco R, Garea A, Irabien A．Modeling of Particle Growth：Application to Water Treatment in a Fluidized Bed Reactor[J]．Chemical Engineering Journal, 2007, 134：66-71

Method of Calculating Chamber Earth Pressure of EPB Shield Bo Liang 1,2,a, Jing Cao 1,b, Haixing Yang 1, Zude Ding 1, Huiming Zhao 1 1Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China. 2Kunming Metro Construction Management Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650011, China.
Introduction Since the Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shield was firstly used in Japan, it has been used widely in the tunnel engineering all over the world for its unique advantages.
（7） The case study Engineering situation An engineering practice of urban rail transit in Kunming is at the length of 2917.5m and the tunnel mileage started from ICK30 +805 to ICK33 +555.31. open-cut construction method was applied to ICK30+805～ICK300+900,and the section of ICK30+900～ICK33+555.31 was constructed by shield driven method with the diameter of 6.2m.
Pressure control EPB shield tunneling, Journal of rail way engineering society, 2005(2):45～50 [3] Zhou Z.
Discussion on setting earth pressure in chamber of EPB shield machine, Journal of rail way engineering society, 2011.12:39～42 [4] Gong X.