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Under the premise operation that the requirement of train weight reduction, can reduce the operation energy consumption and total life cycle cost.
According to years of operating experience and data statistical analysis in Beijing and Shanghai, urban rail transit vehicles and ventilation air conditioning system are main power-hungry of railway transportation industry, and energy saving potential is relatively large.
Therefore in terms of energy saving, should pay more attention to how to reduce energy consumption in the source, and always follow the principle of "active control and source reduction".

Cobalt sulfide is an important magnetic semiconductor with direct band gap of 1.10 eV, has been employed as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction, hydrosulfurization, used in lithium ions batteries and electrochemical capacitors, used as counter electrode [2,4,6,13-22].
In order to get more information about the reduction process in the Cd1-xCoxS (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) ternary solution, the composition of the films deposited at different Co concentrations were evaluated by the energy dispersive spectroscopy microanalysis.
The compositional analysis data for as-deposited film confirm the presence of Cd, Co and S elements in the Cd1-xCoxS(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) thin films.

The size of the reduction factor β depends on the effective shear reinforcement ratio ρw,ef and can be calculated as follows: . (17) , (18) where s0 is the distance between the border of the support region and the first perimeter of shear reinforcement and the value u0.5d is the control perimeter set at 0.5d of the border of the support region (for square columns the perimeter is u0.5d = 4c + πd and for circle columns the perimeter is u0.5d = πc + πd).
From the Eq. 17, it can be seen that the reduction factor β is equal to 0 for those cases where the effective shear reinforcement ratio ρw,ef is greater than 0.4.
Comparison with Experimental Results A total of 98 experimental data on slab-column connections were collected.

Meanwhile, control test was carried out and the reading data were used to calculate the average degree of substitute according to the following formula: DS=(V2-V1)*M*10-3/(a/312.5)
When the pH is higher than 7.0, the initiator is prone to hydrolysis which leading to the reduction of concentration.
When the temperature is above 70°C, GTA might be decomposed, and its activity declines as well, leading to the reduction of reaction and degree of substitution but the increase of homopolymerization.

Numerous valuable data on surface integrity on Inconel 718 have been previously published.
The viscosity of palm oil is more than that of synthetic ester, which enables the reduction of friction between tool-workpiece interfaces.
These factors contributed to the reduction in the microhardness value.

The reduction of color in HA photodegradation with HA initial concentration of 10 mg/l was treated by a photocatalytic reactor filled with 60 g of glass fibers coated with the catalytic films.
From Fig. 5a), it can be seen that the Sn 3d5/2–binding energy (485.1 eV) of the Sn–TiO2-x is less than the reference data of Sn 3d5/2–binding energy (486.6 eV) reported [7].
Pavasant, Reduction of organic matterand trihalomethane formation potential in reclaimed water from treated industrial estate wastewater by coagulation, J.

Several attempts have been made by researchers in order to improve the conductivity of LiNiPO4, for instance, by introduction of carbon coating [2] and particle size reduction [11].
The data obtained were corrected with sample geometry (area/thickness) before analysis.
It requires further enhance by surface coating with carbon and reduction of particle size.

Because of the huge amount of concrete produced daily, even a small reduction in the environmental impact per ton of concrete will result in considerable benefits to the environment[3].
It was reported that the reduction in the dead weight of a building by the use of LWC could result in a decrease in the cross section of steel reinforced beams, columns, plates and foundations[5].
It was further that the LWCs with porous aggregate are less sensitive to poor curing as compared to NWC especially in the early ages due to the internal water supply stored in the porous lightweight aggregate.With limit data from current study it can be concluded that the internal curing process in the case of OPBCC may be better than oil palm shell.

' c b fA A A Q ⋅⋅⋅β= 1 1 2 (4) In Eq. 4, β is a reduction factor, and A1 and A2 are the loaded area and the area of lower base of a right pyramid or cone formed by extending lines out from the sides of the bearing area at a specified slope, respectively.
According to the specification for the concrete structures in Korea [5], the square root of A2 over A1 must less than 2.0 and 0.85 is taken as the reduction factor β.
The data analyzed on the estimated results indicate that the suggested assumptions and equations are reasonable to predict the shear capacity of the T-shaped perforated shear connector.

CFD Simulation of Mixing Effects in Gas-liquid-solid Stirred Reactor Jianxin Xu1,Hua Wang2,a,Jianjun Wang3, Shibo Wang4, Daofei Zhu5 and Guofeng Fan6 1,2,3Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, CHINA. 4,5,6Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China aEmail: wanghuaheat@hotmail.com Keywords: stirred reactor; mixing time; numerical simulation; betti numbers; gas-liquid-solid Abstract.
In the recent years, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation technology has become eminent in the multi-phase mixing in simulate stirred tank due to the fact that numerical simulation avoids a large amount of repeat test which can not only reduce the test cost, but also obtain the data not available in the on-spot test.
Establishment and solution of mathematical modeling Research on ZnO reduction by CH-4 to generate synthetic gas and Zn in the molten salt system is basic and concerns with gas-liquid-solid three phase flow reaction.