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Study on the Effect of Applied Pressure on Iron and Manganese Rejection by Polyamide and Polypiperazine Amide Nanofiltration Membranes NORHERDAWATI Kasim1,a*, EBRAHIM Mahmoudi2,b, ABDUL Wahab Mohammad2,c and SITI ROZAIMAH Sheikh Abdullah2,d 1Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundations Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000 Kuala Lumpur 2Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia aherdawati@upnm.edu.my, bebi.dream@gmail.com, cdrawm@ukm.edu.my, drozaimah@ukm.edu.my Keywords: Polyamide, nanofiltration, groundwater, iron removal, solute rejection, concentration polarization.
The compaction step was conducted purposely to ensure a complete removal of residual chemicals inside the membrane’s porous structures.
Samimi, Preparation and characterization of a low-pressure efficient polyamide multi-layer membrane for water treatment and dye removal, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 53 (2017) 93-104

Program in Nanoscience and Technology (International), Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 5Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand abrilliantblued@yahoo.com, bubonthip.n@chula.ac.th, cpranee.l@chula.ac.th, dsettapon.b@hotmail.com, epornchai.r@chula.ac.th Keywords: Curcuminoids; Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA); Box-Behnken design; Nanoparticles; Optimization Abstract.
Structures of curcumin, desmethoxycucumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin Polymeric nanoparticles have been developed as drug delivery systems for targeted delivery of drugs [18,19], improved oral bioavailability [20,21], sustained therapeutic effects in target tissue [19,22], and improved stability of drugs [23,24].
Sakariah, Chemistry and biological activities of C. longa, Trends Food Sci.

Seeds Oil and Antibacterial Activity Assay Sutrisno1,a*, Rini Retnosari1,b, Siti Marfu’ah1,c and Fauziatul Fajaroh1,d 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia asutrisno.kimia@um.ac.id brini.retnosari.fmipa@um.ac.id csiti.marfuah.fmipa@um.ac.id dfauziatul.fajaroh.fmipa@um.ac.id *corresponding author Keywords: Tamarindus indica L., seed oil, saturated fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids.
Owen, Isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic antioxidants from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seeds and pericarp, Food Chem.
Vogel, Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 4 ed., Longman, London, 1978

Characterization and Evaluation of Water-Based Ecological Paint for Protection of Wood Materials Coated Using Dipping Technique Errj Sansonetti1,a*, Dace Cīrule1,b, Edgars Kuka1,c, Bruno Andersons1,d, Ingeborga Andersone1,e, Māris Danieks2,f 1Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27,LV-1006,Riga,Latvia 2EKJU Ltd, Cecilu str.12, Amata district, Ieriki, Drabesi village, LV-4139, Latvia aharrysansonetti@hotmail.com, bdace.cirule@kki.lv, cedgars.kuka@kki.lv, dbruno.andersons@edi.lv, ei.andersone@edi.lv, fmaris.danieks@ekju.lv Keywords: wood coating, wood protection, dipping, artificial weathering, color changes.
The fast color changes for the first stage of artificial weathering demonstrated that the lignin and extractives at the surface of the wood samples were rapidly degraded by the UV radiation and converted to chromophoric structures at the beginning of the process [21, 22].
Williams, Weathering of Wood in: R.M., Rowell (Eds.), Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, CRC Press, U.S., 2005, pp. 139-185

Tobacco leaf chemical composition and physiological structure jointly determine its sensory characteristics, physiological effect, appearance, economics of production, and impact on health.
Wang: Tobacco chemistry (China Agriculture Press, China 2003)
Dai: Tobacco chemistry (Tsinghua University Press, China 1994)

The aim of this study is the establishment of phase/structure mapping.
The O peak profile is in good agreement with a multilayer structure hypothesis.
Observation compositions and structures of laser treated surface obtained in air The evolution of the phases indicates that the laser fluence controls the layer morphology and the phases formation from the liquid during the cooling phase [5].
Another phase of titanium dioxide, having a monoclinic structure, has been identified (Table 4).
Bäuerle: Laser Processing and Chemistry, 2 nd Edition, Springer, Berlin, 1996

For our country, it is very important trying to improve the conventional energy, coal occupies important position in the our country energy structure, improving coal chemical industry is the inevitable choice in our country’s energy security and sustainable development, coal chemical industry is a great potential industy.
In January 2007, 《the coal chemical industry development policy》and《 the medium and long term development plan of coal chemical industry 》formulated, Chinese coal chemical industry by its advanced industrialization progress become the important component of Chinese energy structure.
The Dalian chemistry physics academy of Chinese sciences institute , shaanxi new coal chemical industry technology development LTD and sinopec Luoyang petrochemical engineering company three units the developped MTO technology in December 2005, built year processing methanol 16700 tons industrialization demonstration unit, February 20, 2006 first feeding trial run success.
If you want to put our country coal chemical industry development into an internationally competitive industry, we should improve the ability of independent innovation, according to technology development road of the introduction, development, innovation and create, by improving the proportion of independent intellectual property rights, optimize industrial structure, and finally form coal chemical independent innovation system in our country.
In Chinese [3] Sharma A.Influence of Properties of Bituminous Binders on the Structure of Formed Coke[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2002,75(3) [4] Gerald Parkinson.Protest Greets EPA’s 15 ppm Sulfur Rule for Diesel Oil.Chemical Engineering,2001,108(1) [5] Donghai Jiang, Hai Han, Jiang Ma.

This XRD pattern suggests that during the geopolymerization, metakaolin semicrystalline structure converts to an amorphous inorganic polymer due to the formation of a Si-O-Al network.
Synthesized bimetallic catalysts (Cu5-Ni5/Geo, and Cu5-Ni10/Geo) shows the same pattern, indicates that geopolymer maintained its unique structure during the synthesis.
Fig. 2 (a), (b) and (c) displayed higher strength and homogeneous structure that exhibits a mesoporous connected amorphous aluminosilicate particles, which confirm the formation of geopolymers by the reaction between metakaolin and alkaline solution (sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate).
Davidovits, Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications, third ed., Geopolymer Institute, France, 2011
Van, Atomic structure of a cesium aluminosilicate geopolymer: A pair distribution function study, Chem.

The biocompatibility of alginate depends on the content of the M-block, and when a high M content is present in the structure of the alginate molecule, a higher immunogenic potency is found compared to high G alginate [5-6].
Hydrogel formation capacity of alginate is very attractive in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications since the structure of alginate hydrogel is similar to the extracellular matrices in tissues [3].
(A) (B) Fig. 2 Chemical structure of alginic acid (A) and ionic crosslinks between alginate and Ca2+ and egg box (upper image) (B) (adapted from [7] and modified).
Alginate micro sized particles were studied for encapsulation of macromolecules like protein for their application in pulmonary drug delivery with a high encapsulation efficiency of 97% with the preserved structure and bioactivity of BSA [25].
Funding This research was funded by Concytec: Project N°151-2017-FONDECYT; and the Science Department-Chemistry Division, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP).

This suggests that all the samples have a wurtzite structure and are preferentially oriented along the c-axis.
Comparatively enhanced intensity of the ZnO thin films, synthesized at the withdrawal speed of 4 cm/min, corresponds to the hexagonal wurtzite structure with improved crystallinity [12].
Resistive switching behaviours of ZnO thin films with various withdrawal speeds (1,2,3 and 4 cm/min) Fig. 4 (a) to (d) corresponds the bipolar resistive switching behaviour of the Al/ZnO/p++ structures with the variation in the withdrawal speed of dip coating from 1 cm/min to 4 cm/min.
Wong, Adjusting the band structure and defects of ZnO quantum dots via tin doping, RSC Adv. 7 (2017) 11345–11354
Li, Resistive switching effects in oxide sandwiched structures, Front.