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Especially in the recent century, to meet rapid grain needs with increasing population, intensive farming, chemical fertilizers overusing and machine tilling to agriculture changed fertility and productivity of arable lands, and also biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in agro-ecosystems, which led to more greenhouse gas emission s including CO2, CH4 and N2O from rural ecosystems [4], and then affected global climate.
Main soil types in Gaoyi County a) Code Soil type Soil group Area (hm2) Area percentage % Number of samples 1 Sandyloam limestone cinnamon soil Cinnamon soil 140.28 0.67 2 2 Lightloam cinnamon soil 3522.37 16.8 26 3 Thick-stone lightloam cinnamon soil 67.84 0.32 1 8 Low-stone lightloam cinnamon soil 54.74 0.26 2 10 Sandyloam meadow cinnamon soil 184.76 0.88 1 12 Lightloam meadow cinnamon soil 15226.9 72.54 58 15 Deep-clay lightloam meadow cinnamon soil 923.81 4.39 8 a) Soil codes instead of soil type names will be used in the contents below.
In this region, these driving factors included the increasing numbers of harvest machine, farming machine and irrigation machine etc.

The value L, m was determined by the height of the grinding chamber and the number of passes of the material through it.
The average size of the crushed grains was determined from the data obtained from "SK LAZER MICRON SIZER".
The material was put through the grinding chamber a certain number of times to set the grinding path L equal to 1, 2 and 3 m.

It allowed for consideration of the fine morphological features of the scale and the scale/metal interface while, at the same time, reducing the number of elements under consideration (Fig.1).
Rolling of the specimens at higher speeds and aspect ratios resulted in rapid removal of material from the stock surface due to abrasion and adhesion, a churned up a subsurface layer with fine grains and mechanically entrained oxides.
The numerical results indicated a tendency for an abrupt increase in the number of through-thickness cracks and decrease of crack spacing at some level of the tensile strain.

In case of a deformation occurring in the α+β-region, the softening processes are defined not only by the strength of the α- and β-phases, but also by their number, as well as the potential of each phase for plastic deformation, the ease of sliding transmission at the interphase and intergrain boundaries, the aspects of the development of dynamic hardening and softening processes in two-phase structures.
The high strength of these alloys may be due to both solution hardening and microstructural hardening, since alloys with an approximately equal number of phases have a smaller grain size [1].

The pit size and number of non coated Co-Cr alloy is severely attacked along with grain boundaries Centrifugal casting� High frequency induction casting Vacuum pressure casting Non (TiN) A alloy� B alloy C alloy A alloy B alloy C alloy A alloy B alloy C alloy I corr (A/�)� 1.88X10-7 (7.49X10-6) 1.42X10-6 (1.19X10-6)� 5.13X10-7 (8.14X10-6)� 1.65X10-7 (1.50X10-6)� 6.62X10-7 (5.93X10-7)� 1.39X10-7 (7.81X10-6)� 1.81X10-7 (6.78X10-6)� 8.87X10-7 (7.14X10-8)� 1.20X10-7 (6.80X10-6)� I 300m V (A/�)� 1.06X10-6 (9.00X10-5)� 1.65X10-1 (8.64X10-5) 1.80X10-4 (1.20X10-4) 3.35X10-4 (2.24X10-6) 4.26XX10-2 (7.22X10-5) 1.09X10-4 (2.90X10-5) 4.19X10-4 (6.00X10-5) 2.58X10-2 (6.89X10-5) 1.43X10-4 (5.00X10-5) E corr (mV)� -461 (-422) -373 (-330) -401 (-394) -381 (-289) -287 (-355) -475 (-261) -444 (-245) -268 (-260) - 436 (-309) E pit (mV)� +720 (+830)� +130 (+150) +740 (+900)
Summary The number of casting defects of samples decreased in the order of centrifugal casting , high frequency induction casting, and vacuum pressure casting method due to increment of casting density, especially, pore defects were found at part of minor connector because of thin casting thickness in the case of centrifugal casting method.

HVOF Cr3C2-NiCr coating also showed excellent erosion-corrosion behaviour, high compactness, fine grain size structure and homogeneous distribution[6].
The Addition of CrC(20NiCr) as reinforced material in metal matrix was employed with high velocity oxigen fuel (HVOF) systems with the constant parameter in order to increase the coating capability on thermal shock resistance without decrease significantly their original characteristic on hardness number.
MMC with 140 mesh of NiCr particle size is the most heavily unmelted particles and spread, while MMC with 270 mesh of NiCr particles size, the number of splats which is dominated by Cr and Ni element than unmelted particles.

The TCP sample displays all main peaks that is in agreement with one of XRD pattern reference for β-TCP according to ICDD PDF Number 00-009-0169.
On the other hand, when chitosan was included in the precipitation process (TCP-K), the secondary phase of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) appeared at 2θ angle of 32,102, according to XRD pattern reference for CCP with ICDD PDF Number 00-020-0024.
Pure β-TCP powder has a typical morphology of nanoscale single particles but mostly agglomerated grains [10, 12].

In literature a number of research works related to precision, surface finish and surface integrity in WEDM can be found.
After this contribution, a large number of works have been published on topics such as on-line monitoring of current and voltage [13] and the on-line classification of discharge types [14] amongst others.
Two types of hard metal have been studied (both 11-12% in Co, common in the tooling industry), but with different grain sizes: the first one with an average size of 3.7mm and hardness 1240HV30 (±2%); the second one with average particle size 0.3mmand hardness 1600HV30 (±2%).

For each methanation experiment, the reactor was loaded with 0.28 mL of catalyst (grain size about 10 µm).
However, Y promotion led to the highest number of basic sites with intermediate strength explaining the superior performance of this catalyst as reported by Pan et al.[18].
The low activity for NiZrLa can be attributed to the presence of the highest number of strong basic sites, whereas the insignificant amount of this latter is the main reason for the poor activity of NiZrW.

The preparation of polyaniline and its composites embellished with medicinal plant extracts, which is of keen research interest and results in novel CP composites with extremely useful properties, is explained in a number of literature reviews [1].
Before the acetone was evaporated, the resultant composites were crushed to create fine-grained powder. 2.3  AC Electrical Measurements: In a hydraulic press, the obtained samples are pressed to form circular pellets under 95 MPa pressure.
The XRD profile of the PAFG-40 percent composite shows a well-preserved distinctive peak of Fe nanoparticle, but the base structure appears amorphous, with a large number of peaks indicating the presence of a small crystalline possibility formed around the nanocomposite.