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Online since: June 2013
Authors: Tie Qi Li, Wen Shuo Zhang
However, based on the singular value decomposition of the latent semantic analysis with two prominent problems: one is the decomposition of the matrix with orthogonal properties, leading to better describe the text data space, which makes the subspace dimensionality reduction for text analysis result is not accurate.
Kernel methods the data mapped to high dimensional feature space.
To solve these problems, we first association rules in transaction data in the process of looking for the associated project success experience is introduced into the processing of text data, the word document matrix for mining association rules, find related words group, thus for model reduction.
In order to use association rules to the text data in the word set for analysis, we will set the text data in association analysis problem is transformed into a value of two association rules mining process the word-document matrix into suitable for mining association rules of Boolean matrix.
According to the principle of LSA, We can eliminate the interference in the data set, thereby determining the cluster number.
Kernel methods the data mapped to high dimensional feature space.
To solve these problems, we first association rules in transaction data in the process of looking for the associated project success experience is introduced into the processing of text data, the word document matrix for mining association rules, find related words group, thus for model reduction.
In order to use association rules to the text data in the word set for analysis, we will set the text data in association analysis problem is transformed into a value of two association rules mining process the word-document matrix into suitable for mining association rules of Boolean matrix.
According to the principle of LSA, We can eliminate the interference in the data set, thereby determining the cluster number.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Siamak Niroomandi, Iciar Alfaro, Felipe Bordeu, Adrien Leygue, Francisco Chinesta, David Gonzalez, Elías Cueto
We analyse here how Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) can constitute
a valuable tool in the field of forming processes.
We analyse here how model reduction techniques, and particularly Proper Generalized Decompositions (PGD) methods can provide a suitable response to the strong requirements posed by DDDAS.
National Science Foundation, "Dynamic Data-Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) entails the ability to dynamically incorporate data into an executing application, and in reverse, the ability of an application to dynamically steer the measurement process" [5].
Proper Generalized Decomposition is a model reduction methodology based on the use of separated representation of the different variables that define the problem.
A Short Review on Model Order Reduction based on Proper Generalized Decomposition.
We analyse here how model reduction techniques, and particularly Proper Generalized Decompositions (PGD) methods can provide a suitable response to the strong requirements posed by DDDAS.
National Science Foundation, "Dynamic Data-Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) entails the ability to dynamically incorporate data into an executing application, and in reverse, the ability of an application to dynamically steer the measurement process" [5].
Proper Generalized Decomposition is a model reduction methodology based on the use of separated representation of the different variables that define the problem.
A Short Review on Model Order Reduction based on Proper Generalized Decomposition.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Tetsuo Sakai, Ryo Matsumoto, Hiroshi Utsunomiya, Sho Manabe
Based on the data available in those works [5,6], the sheet obtained by high-speed rolling exhibited a fine-grained microstructure (mean grain size of 2-3 mm), with good mechanical properties.
Sheets were processed into pieces at room temperature except for very small reduction.
Sheets were processed into small pieces in cases if reduction than >20%.
Zigzag edge cracks were formed on the sheets rolled at 373 or 473K at high reduction (>70%).
The spacing between cracks was longer at higher reduction as shown in Fig. 6(a).
Sheets were processed into pieces at room temperature except for very small reduction.
Sheets were processed into small pieces in cases if reduction than >20%.
Zigzag edge cracks were formed on the sheets rolled at 373 or 473K at high reduction (>70%).
The spacing between cracks was longer at higher reduction as shown in Fig. 6(a).
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Yu Lun Chien, Yi Ting Hunag, Chih Hong Huang
The device was secured onto a bamboo pole and data was collected in an interval of 12:00-12:30.
In the 30-second duration, data was collected 15 secondly to form an average value.
It was found that data collected from the center of canopy was similar to that from the vacant land by adding absolute humidity into consideration.
The vacant land was found to have a certain degree of influence on air temperature when data from vegetation canopy was compared (Fig. 2).
Measured data at various check points of a Tree Canopy canopy center canpy edge at north canpy edge at south control group at 3.0m Temperature [°C] 30.87 31.8 33.63 36.31 Relative Humidity [%] 59.19 56.47 51.8 44.47 Absolute Humidity [kg/kg] 0.0163 0.0164 0.0167 0.0166 Enthalpy [kJ/kg] 73.55 74.77 77.4 79.98 100 % 108.9% %^AWEFwfertert53434rt%5%%% 103.0% 100 % 87.5% %^AWEFwfertert53434rt%5%%% 95.4% 100 % 105.2% %^AWEFwfertert53434rt%5%%% 101.7% (a) (b) (c) Fig. 2.
In the 30-second duration, data was collected 15 secondly to form an average value.
It was found that data collected from the center of canopy was similar to that from the vacant land by adding absolute humidity into consideration.
The vacant land was found to have a certain degree of influence on air temperature when data from vegetation canopy was compared (Fig. 2).
Measured data at various check points of a Tree Canopy canopy center canpy edge at north canpy edge at south control group at 3.0m Temperature [°C] 30.87 31.8 33.63 36.31 Relative Humidity [%] 59.19 56.47 51.8 44.47 Absolute Humidity [kg/kg] 0.0163 0.0164 0.0167 0.0166 Enthalpy [kJ/kg] 73.55 74.77 77.4 79.98 100 % 108.9% %^AWEFwfertert53434rt%5%%% 103.0% 100 % 87.5% %^AWEFwfertert53434rt%5%%% 95.4% 100 % 105.2% %^AWEFwfertert53434rt%5%%% 101.7% (a) (b) (c) Fig. 2.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Sheng Zhi Li, Jie Xu, J.G. Xue, X.G. Duan, J.M. Zheng, Feng Pan
The critical percentage of diameter reduction is obtained from the simulation.
A comparison between the FE simulation results and the experimental data shows that FEM simulation is able to correctly display the inner crack phenomena, so it is possible to determine the critical percentage of diameter reduction according to the FEM simulation results.
Inside crack at a node can be affirmed once the I-value on it has reached the threshold value, and the reduction ratio at this moment is just the critical value εc of diameter reduction.
It shows that the critical reduction increases rapidly with feed angle builds up.
The change of the critical diameter reduction with roll feed angle
A comparison between the FE simulation results and the experimental data shows that FEM simulation is able to correctly display the inner crack phenomena, so it is possible to determine the critical percentage of diameter reduction according to the FEM simulation results.
Inside crack at a node can be affirmed once the I-value on it has reached the threshold value, and the reduction ratio at this moment is just the critical value εc of diameter reduction.
It shows that the critical reduction increases rapidly with feed angle builds up.
The change of the critical diameter reduction with roll feed angle
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Wen Jie Wan, Cheng Zhong Yang
By means of finite element method software simulation analysis, using strength reduction finite element method analyse factor of safety of embankments.
Using safety factor through finite element software by strength reduction multiply by conversion coefficient, get new safety factor.
Strength reduction finite element method use this scientific concept, according to scientific principles(Duncun1996) that the slope parameters of material strength to withstand the maximum reduction factor is the minimum safety factor for this slope,can analysis of slope stability more accurately and guide our future design and construction work.
In ANSYS, for rock, soil and other granular materials using D-P material options, the selection of materials is Mohr-Coulomb not equiangular hexagon circumcircle Drucker-Prager yield criterion, it can be expressed by I1, J2, θσ: (2) Where: α, k is the parameters be related to soil cohesion and internal friction angle; Data[2][3] showed that: Mohr-Coulomb not equiangular hexagon circumcircle Drucker-Prager yield criterion using by ANSYS is unsafe in the actual project.
Application of Strength Reduction FEM in Soil and Rock Slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23(19):3381~3388
Using safety factor through finite element software by strength reduction multiply by conversion coefficient, get new safety factor.
Strength reduction finite element method use this scientific concept, according to scientific principles(Duncun1996) that the slope parameters of material strength to withstand the maximum reduction factor is the minimum safety factor for this slope,can analysis of slope stability more accurately and guide our future design and construction work.
In ANSYS, for rock, soil and other granular materials using D-P material options, the selection of materials is Mohr-Coulomb not equiangular hexagon circumcircle Drucker-Prager yield criterion, it can be expressed by I1, J2, θσ: (2) Where: α, k is the parameters be related to soil cohesion and internal friction angle; Data[2][3] showed that: Mohr-Coulomb not equiangular hexagon circumcircle Drucker-Prager yield criterion using by ANSYS is unsafe in the actual project.
Application of Strength Reduction FEM in Soil and Rock Slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23(19):3381~3388
Online since: May 2019
Authors: Jin Ping Ao, Heng Yu Xu, Cai Ping Wan
A correlation between the reduction of interface state density and the increasing of N concentration at the interface has been indicated by C-ψs measurement and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
For the reduction of the effects of those interface defects, various passivation techniques have been extensively investigated, such as annealing in nitrous(N2O), ammonia (NH3) or a nitric (NO) [5].
To unveil the mechanism for further reduction of Dit after NO POA, we consider it is crucial to employ NO POA conditions suitable for the elimination of carbon precipitation or active oxidation at the interface because they are the most possible origin of those defect.
To investigated the correlation between the reduction of interface state density and N concentration.
The data can be fitted by the first-order rate equation: N[t]=N* (1-e-t/τ) + c. [11] Fig. 6 The dependence of N Area Density on NO Annealing Time.
For the reduction of the effects of those interface defects, various passivation techniques have been extensively investigated, such as annealing in nitrous(N2O), ammonia (NH3) or a nitric (NO) [5].
To unveil the mechanism for further reduction of Dit after NO POA, we consider it is crucial to employ NO POA conditions suitable for the elimination of carbon precipitation or active oxidation at the interface because they are the most possible origin of those defect.
To investigated the correlation between the reduction of interface state density and N concentration.
The data can be fitted by the first-order rate equation: N[t]=N* (1-e-t/τ) + c. [11] Fig. 6 The dependence of N Area Density on NO Annealing Time.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Ying Chun Yang
Finally, this article puts forward energy policies for ensuring economic growth and simultaneously achieving emission reduction and energy conversation.
Guangdong province's rapid economic growth makes the time-series data non-stationary and the traditional OLS estimation may not be applicable to estimating long-term model.
All data used in the co-integration model locate within the period from 1978 to 2009 and are collected from National Bureau of Statistics of China.
The empirical results are provided as follows, and data in brackets are the t statistics
Du (2010) analyzed the main impact factors of China's CO2 emission through static and dynamic panel data econometrics and results showed that the industrial structure, ratio of urbanization and energy consumption structure have significant positive impact on China's CO2 emission.
Guangdong province's rapid economic growth makes the time-series data non-stationary and the traditional OLS estimation may not be applicable to estimating long-term model.
All data used in the co-integration model locate within the period from 1978 to 2009 and are collected from National Bureau of Statistics of China.
The empirical results are provided as follows, and data in brackets are the t statistics
Du (2010) analyzed the main impact factors of China's CO2 emission through static and dynamic panel data econometrics and results showed that the industrial structure, ratio of urbanization and energy consumption structure have significant positive impact on China's CO2 emission.
Online since: March 2021
Authors: Kar Sing Lim, Mousay Mohammed, Yew Ying Chai, Shu Ing Doh
Despite the growing body of research on the use of glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) composites in repairing and retrofitting the important structures such as oil and gas pipelines, the lack of comprehensive data on the long-term degradation mechanism for these materials is still impeding their widespread use in open-air structures repairs particularly in tropical climate locations such as Malaysia.
The standard deviation is preceded by a plus-minus symbol (±) indicating the data variability around the average value of the entire samples.
The maximum reduction of the tensile strength of GFRP composite was 18% under effect of seasonal condition (winter) in Switzerland however, this reduction occurred after 8.5 years of exposure.
Furthermore, the tensile strength reduction of GFRP composite after 3.5 years of exposure to urban environment in Lisbon, Portugal was 14%.
On the other hand, significant loss of modulus of elasticity was only noticed for the GFRPs exposed to the natural aging urban environment in Lisbon, Portugal with 33% of Young’s Modulus reduction for E-glass/ polyester GFRP pultruded profile and 24% reduction for E-glass /vinylester GFRP pultruded profile.
The standard deviation is preceded by a plus-minus symbol (±) indicating the data variability around the average value of the entire samples.
The maximum reduction of the tensile strength of GFRP composite was 18% under effect of seasonal condition (winter) in Switzerland however, this reduction occurred after 8.5 years of exposure.
Furthermore, the tensile strength reduction of GFRP composite after 3.5 years of exposure to urban environment in Lisbon, Portugal was 14%.
On the other hand, significant loss of modulus of elasticity was only noticed for the GFRPs exposed to the natural aging urban environment in Lisbon, Portugal with 33% of Young’s Modulus reduction for E-glass/ polyester GFRP pultruded profile and 24% reduction for E-glass /vinylester GFRP pultruded profile.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Emmanuel Iwuoha, Chinwe O. Ikpo, Njagi Njomo, Kenneth I. Ozoemena, Tesfaye Waryo, Rasaq A. Olowu, Milua Masikini, Abd Almonam Baleg, Nazeem Jahed, Priscilla G.L. Baker
The heterogeneous rate constant of electron transfer (ket), exchange current density (io) and time constant (τ) were calculated from data obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and found to have values of 2.3 x 10-5 cm s-1, 1.6 x 10-4 A cm-2 and 2.4 x 10-4 s rad-1, respectively.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR).
Kinetic data from EIS Nature of electrode ω (rad s-1) τ (s rad-1) io (A cm-2) ket (cm s-1) Bare GCE 9.01 1.1 x 10-1 5.82 x 10-7 8.4 x 10-8 GCE/FeCo 4159.0 2.4 x 10-4 1.6 x 10-4 2.3 x 10-5 Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction.
(B) Kouteky-Levich plot for oxygen reduction.
Swager, Electrocatalytic conducting polymers: oxygen reduction by a polythiophene−cobalt salen hybrid, Chem.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR).
Kinetic data from EIS Nature of electrode ω (rad s-1) τ (s rad-1) io (A cm-2) ket (cm s-1) Bare GCE 9.01 1.1 x 10-1 5.82 x 10-7 8.4 x 10-8 GCE/FeCo 4159.0 2.4 x 10-4 1.6 x 10-4 2.3 x 10-5 Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction.
(B) Kouteky-Levich plot for oxygen reduction.
Swager, Electrocatalytic conducting polymers: oxygen reduction by a polythiophene−cobalt salen hybrid, Chem.