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Effects of raw material contaminants on the ferrosilicon melting process in the submerged arc furnace Bolesław Machulec1,a, Wojciech Bialik1,b 1 Faculty of Material Science and Metallurgy, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland aboleslaw.machulec@polsl.pl, bwojciech.bialik@polsl.pl Keywords: ferrosilicon, submerged arc furnace, model, Gibbs FEM Method.
Based on the Minimum Gibbs Free Enthalpy algorithm (FEM) and a model of reaction zones located around electrode tips in the submerged arc furnace, an analysis of the raw material chemical composition influence on the ferrosilicon smelting process was carried out.
For both systems, the energy and mass balance values were calculated and the effects of raw material contaminants on the efficiency of the ferrosilicon melting process were determined.
Based on the model, the balances of mass and energy of the process as well as theoretical raw material and energy consumption indicators were determined.
Johansson, Thermodynamic Studies of Chemical and Thermal Equilibrium Calculations for a Quantitative Description of a Non-Isothermal Reactor with Application to the Silicon Arc Furnace, Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 7 (1978) 264-270

Recently, nanostructured ZnO materials have received extensive interest due to their distinguished performance in electronics, photonics and optics.
Experimental Details Materials.
The materials used in this work is zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and stabilizer, hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA, C6H12N4).
Malaysian Journal of Science (Special Edition). 28 (2009) 197-201
Materials Letters, 93 (2013) 52-55

During the entire life cycle of a vehicle, from design, manufacture, usage to final recovery, there exist very complex materials, energy and information flow as well as the interactions among different stages.
These vehicles are classified as end of life vehicles (ELVs) and are potential sources of recoverable, reusable, and recyclable materials [1].
This work expands the input and output of IDEF0 to include materials, information and energy flow (see Fig.2) in order to solve the problems of ambiguous materials, information, and energy flow in the ELVs recovery infrastructure.
The other partners in ELV are the material recycling industries and the material producers.
Bandivadekar, ET AL., Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2004, Vo.23/No.1, p.22

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The laser oxidation laser cutting technical problems and carbon materials processing technology were solved and improvement measures were summarized for the high laser oxidation melting cutting.
Based on the above analysis, this paper studies carbon materials laser processing technology and oxidation melting cutting.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Project fund by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014M562170).
Jounal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 155-156(2004),p.2106
[11]Chen Jimin and ZuoTiechun: Effect of Beam Incident Angle on Laser Cutting Quailty.Chinese Journal Lasers, Vol.A28, (2001),p.1037

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 26(1): 84-93
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance: 1-9
Procedia Materials Science, 5: 398-407
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 346(1): 168-177

Materials Today: Proceedings
Journal of Business Research, 116, 68-74
Journal of Business Research, 116, 68-74
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 167, 300-315
Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ)

In a study conducted by Raffic et al., they optimized FDM printing parameters for three different materials namely PET-G, PLA and HIPS using fatigue test.
The tensile strength test was cautiously conducted to ABS FDM 3D-printed materials that were printed with different parameters.
Renaud, Mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fused deposition materials.
Dizon, Application of Taguchi Methodology in Evaluating the Rockwell Hardness of SLA 3D Printed Polymers, Materials Science Forum Submitted: 2020-01-23 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vol. 1005, pp 166-173 [8] B.
Dizon, Investigation on the Effects of Acetone Vapor-Polishing to Fracture Behavior of ABS Printed Materials at Different Operating Temperature, Materials Science Forum Submitted: 2020-01-23 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vol. 1005, pp 141-149 [9] N.

An improper sintering process will lead to a bad performance of the ceramic materials.
Materials Science and engineering A. 363 (2003), 221-227
Investigation of the material removal mechanisms in EDM of composite ceramic materials.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 49 (2004), 347-352
Materials and technology. 44-1 (2010), 31–35

Experimental 2.1 Materials PS was prepared through emulsion polymerazion by our laboratory, which has a Mw of 80000.
Cao, Composites Science and Technology Vol. 65(2005), P2344
Alekseev, Journal of Materials Chemistry Vol.20 (2010) P3035
Offman, Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol.80 (1958), P1339
Yu, ACS Applied Materials Interfaces Vol.3 (2011), P918