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For coarser-grained concretes, in the extreme case dam concrete with aggregates as large as 100-150 mm, special specimen sizes are required.
Note that in Figure (b) the central crack would develop along the interface along one of the two neighbouring grains.
After a number of phenomenological tests [2], more detailed experiments are currently conducted using a scaled-down test device fitted for use in a table-top X-Ray tomograph (SCANCO Medical).

The position of the cutting blade was vertical to the specimen, while the direction of the cutting line with respect to Machine (grain) direction of the paperboard was chosen as .
Where, the experiment was carried out under the following conditions; Feed velocity: 1mm/min, room temperature: 291K, room humidity: 44%, number of samples: fives pieces.
It seems that the TD compression of the tip contributes to restrict the lateral (In-plane) elongation to the surface layer due to the grain inside friction.

A universal interpretation of the term 'clay' leads up to assert that it is a natural, earthy, fine-grained material that develops plasticity when mixed with a limited amount of water.
Reeves et al. [5] have tried to summarize the numerous definitions by the following statement: The term 'clay' refers to a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals, which is generally plastic at appropriate water contents and will harden when dried or fired.
The GDR included earth construction in a number of DIN standards but these were mostly withdrawn in 1971.

The most relevant characteristics for these applications are a good thermal insulation by a low thermal conductivity based on an optimal density and a well-engineered porosity (large number of pores with dimensions below 1 micron) and high mechanical stability that is maintained on heating, since the mineral xonotlite converts at high temperature into wollastonite and this process hardly involves any dimensional change due to a high resemblance in crystal structure.
A: Big grain with a C-S-H gel composition given by the red spectrum; B: Small grain with a C-S-H gel composition given by the black spectrum Fig. 5.

Several innovations had to be made for treating a large number of poles at once.
Also special types of cutters, including carbide tipped ones, were to be designed for special type of operations like for rotary machines, dovetail joints, finger joints, cutting along the grain and across the grain of wood etc.

This furnace system has the clear advantage as well that very high heating rates are possible because only a small number of parts are inside the furnace at any one time and heat up rates are therefore very fast.
These precipitates form rapidly and densely within the aluminum grains, as very fine, thermally stable laths.
This rapid age hardening behavior at 220ºC and the advantageous change to the work hardening rate was found to arise due to the dominance of Q¢ precipitates (Al5Cu2Mg8Si6) within the aluminium grains [4,5].

Composition and properties of heavy concrete B 25 Control composition Main properties Number of components [kg] Property Value cement Crushed stone sand water density [kg/m3] 2325 405 1130 620 203 Cone sediment (CS) [cm] 16 Results and Discussion The molecular structure of disaccharide determines the level of absorption of the latter by the hydrosilicate matrix [24].
Thus, in mixing the Cement-sSCD SC, sucrose adsorption is observed on free silicate surfaces of cement grains and hydrated neoplasms, which violates the adsorption equilibrium and releases new portions of sucrose.
Goreva, Nanosilica based on hydrothermal solutions: characteristics, results of increasing the strength of fine-grained concrete, Modern high technology, 8 (2018) 54–58

The average grain size of this composite is 27.33 nm, comprising clusters of Fe3O4, ZnO, and TiO2 nanoparticles.
The composition of the TiO2 nanoparticles in Fig. 7 is consistent with the research reported by Singh et al., which found that TiO2 nanoparticles had little aggregation but a grain size below 100 nm [28].
Acknowledgment Our research received full support from the 2020 Malang State University PNBP funding in the thesis publication scheme with contract number 4.3.514/UN32.14.1/LT/2020 on behalf of SN.

i, n, Xi and yi are the serial number, the group number, the vector of dependent variables and the result values for the observed data, respectively. φ(Xi, β) is the theoretical values.
Setting the initial value β(0), the next searching point is determined by Eq. 11. . (11) where, k is the serial number of searching step. λk is the searching step size.
The stop criterion is defined as: . (14) where, ε is the given error requirement of small positive number.
GF, GW, CHS, CLS, MLG and SC are the soil type names, including gravel containing fine grained soil, well graded gravel, clay of high liquid limit containing sand, clay of low liquid limit containing sand, silt of low liquid limit containing gravel, and clayey sand, respectively.
The linear regression was analyzed to obtain the multiple correlation between the two as below: . (19) where, n is the sample number.

In a previous work [15], replaced 100% of natural sand with three different types of RA which is recycled aggregates with a maximum grain size equal to 5 mm.
The number of cube specimens used in the compression tests is shown in (Table 2).
A series of specimens had formed, which was masonry prism with different types of bricks, mortar joint and span length (number of joint).
Fig. 7: Collapse load with different number of mortar joint.
This result had shown that increase in number of joint is not necessarily decreases the bonding strength of masonry prism.