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Several innovations had to be made for treating a large number of poles at once.
Also special types of cutters, including carbide tipped ones, were to be designed for special type of operations like for rotary machines, dovetail joints, finger joints, cutting along the grain and across the grain of wood etc.

This furnace system has the clear advantage as well that very high heating rates are possible because only a small number of parts are inside the furnace at any one time and heat up rates are therefore very fast.
These precipitates form rapidly and densely within the aluminum grains, as very fine, thermally stable laths.
This rapid age hardening behavior at 220ºC and the advantageous change to the work hardening rate was found to arise due to the dominance of Q¢ precipitates (Al5Cu2Mg8Si6) within the aluminium grains [4,5].

Composition and properties of heavy concrete B 25 Control composition Main properties Number of components [kg] Property Value cement Crushed stone sand water density [kg/m3] 2325 405 1130 620 203 Cone sediment (CS) [cm] 16 Results and Discussion The molecular structure of disaccharide determines the level of absorption of the latter by the hydrosilicate matrix [24].
Thus, in mixing the Cement-sSCD SC, sucrose adsorption is observed on free silicate surfaces of cement grains and hydrated neoplasms, which violates the adsorption equilibrium and releases new portions of sucrose.
Goreva, Nanosilica based on hydrothermal solutions: characteristics, results of increasing the strength of fine-grained concrete, Modern high technology, 8 (2018) 54–58

The average grain size of this composite is 27.33 nm, comprising clusters of Fe3O4, ZnO, and TiO2 nanoparticles.
The composition of the TiO2 nanoparticles in Fig. 7 is consistent with the research reported by Singh et al., which found that TiO2 nanoparticles had little aggregation but a grain size below 100 nm [28].
Acknowledgment Our research received full support from the 2020 Malang State University PNBP funding in the thesis publication scheme with contract number 4.3.514/UN32.14.1/LT/2020 on behalf of SN.

The stated is evidenced by the large number of studies carried out in the framework of such models, both in our country and abroad.
Studies, performed based on the phenomenological approach, facilitate obtaining valid and reliable results for a large number of materials (usually – quite homogeneous structure).
As shown in the introduction, the vast number of existing approaches to the analysis stress-strain state of masonry is based on a limited list of three types of destruction mechanisms (see Ref. [2]).
It is shown that in the process of deep plastic strain occurs not only the change of structurally homogeneous "grains" that make up the composite, but also (most importantly!)
the change of the properties of boundaries between the "grains" of composite material, i.e. change of interface elements.

The number of components manufactured in this way is continuously increasing.
A fully martensitic and fine-grained microstructure was obtained for all processes.

The precipitates are known to be formed in specified orientations within each grain.
However, the effect of this directionality in macroscopic properties is negligible for polycrystalline alloys since the grains are randomly orientated.
Acknowledgments This work presented is supported by NSF through the grant ‘DMREF: Accelerating the Development of High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys’ under the Award Number: 1534534.

Yan-hong Mu et al. studied the effects of hot stamping process parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of 30MnB5 and 22MnB5 after quenching [9], Chen et al. studied the effects of two key process parameters of holding pressure and holding time on B1500HS steel in hot stamping and quenching stage [10], Yu Wugang et al. used scanning electron microscopy and an attached EDS spectrometer to study the effects of different prealloying time on microstructure and composition distribution of hot-formed steel 22MnB5 zinc-based coatings [11], Zhu et al. developed a new model to predict grain growth during heating process and the flow stress of 22MnB5 with high hardenability through Gleeble simulation experiments [12].
Therefore, the removal of boron element is beneficial to avoid formation of boron carbide at the grain boundary and does not affect the hardenability of the required steel sheet, and the addition of niobium element is beneficial to the precipitation strengthening of the steel sheet, and is beneficial to the increase of the elongation of the steel sheet, thereby improving the processing performance of the hot formed steel for automobiles.
It can be seen from the figure that there is a certain amount of ferrite in the quenched structure in addition to a large number of martensite matrix.

Furthermore, the ions need to enter into the lattice and get substituted for a complete grain crystallization and growth.
The increase in relative density may be caused by the decrease in the number of pores and able to increase the εr [16].
Normally, the factors are likely to affect the density of specimens such as sintering condition, grain size, ordering and the lattice defect [8].

In the future, a short boriding time in case of HFC heating application may suggest the use of this method of boriding at production lines for mass serial production with large numbers of parts to be hardened per shift.
Major characteristics of boride coatings obtained on 65G steel using high-speed HFC heating Composition Boriding Agent main faction particle diameter, µm Coating thickness, µm Microhardness HV100, MPa Coating/base interface state 1 75 340 15332 diffuse 1 150 320 13315 expressed 1 315 290 12057 expressed 2 75 360 7817 absent 2 150 600 9194 absent 2 315 350 13778 presence of interlayer 3 315 195 10970 presence of interlayer 5 - 675 26275 expressed 6 - 80 11678 expressed 7 - 110 8464 diffuse 8 - 800 20117 diffuse 4 75 20 4826 absent 4 150 30 4204 discontinuity 4 315 400 10325 discontinuity As can be seen from Fig. 1.a, when using a composition consisting of boron carbide with fraction size of not exceeding 75 μm at a ratio of 92% by weight and P-0.66 flux at a ratio of 8% by weight, the formation of a boride coating with a fine-grained ledeburite-like iron-boride eutectic structure is observed.
However, unlike other coatings in the form of an iron-boride eutectic with closed carbide regions, the grain size of these eutectics is much larger, and the microhardness of this coating is also much higher, which indicates the formation of a structure of a different type.