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Strength is also improved due to a variety of mechanisms, including grain refinement, creation of additional obstacles to dislocation movement, etc.
Slow cutting advance rate (feed) of 20µm min -1 minimised the damage and avoided wire breaking, and ensured the collection of sufficient number of data points.

Moreover, the volume fraction of g was 16 vol% and the grain size of prior g was 210 mm.
Acknowledgement This research was supported by “JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP19H02455” and “The NAGAI Foundation for Science & Technology”.

Table 1 Experimental arrangements Test number Synthesizing temperature ºC Soaking time min Nitrogen flow rate L/min 1 1400 0 0.6 2 1500 0 0.6 3 1600 0 0.6 4 1700 0 0.6 5 1600 30 0.6 6 1600 60 0.6 7 1600 120 0.6 8 1600 180 0.6 9 1600 240 0.6 10 1600 300 0.6 Fig. 1.
As shown in Fig. 3, with the heat treatment temperature increasing, the particles of different raw materials gradually react with each other to form the reaction products, leading to the formation of hexagonal grains at 1700ºC.

The higher coherent length of MgB2 gives the possibility to attain high critical current densities in the polycrystalline material structure in contrast to Y123 in which the high jc can be attained in textured single-crystalline structure only, because the coherence length in MgB2 is smaller than grain boundaries and the boundaries are not the obstacles for superconductive current flow.
We thoroughly investigated in [8] that they really are titanium hydride inclusions and some proves are seen in Fig. 5, which shows the NanoSIMS ion maps of the distribution of hydrogen, boron and magnesium ions and 48Ti1H ion clusters from a region of the MgB2 matrix containing a number of Ti-rich particles.

Since pure silver is quite soft and easy to stick together a number of silver alloys are developed for sliding contacts to improve mechanical properties and hardness.
Chosen alloy additives should slow down dislocation movement and grain boundaries migration, causing improvement in mechanical properties.

Fluorinated films obtained on DC frequency plasma can present a number of organic functionalities, with a variety of chemical properties and cross-link grade [6].
The HFE plasma generated the same organic functionalities on the covered surface, no matter whether starch grains or HMDS plasma deposited particles.

GRAZING INCIDENT X-RAY DIFFRACTION In diffraction methods the mean interplanar spacing {hkl} averaged only for reflecting grains which possess the scattering vector normal to the {hkl} crystallographic planes is determined.
Possible values of ψ{hkl} angles are limited to the number of hkl reflections used in the experiment [10,11].

The grain-size distribution is 87.6% silt and 12.4% clay.
The relationship between number of blows and depth of penetration is plotted.

An increasing number of auto parts have been made by aluminum alloy instead of steels to gain the effects of energy saving and emission reduction.
When the solution temperature exceeds the melting point of Al2Cu phase with respect to Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy, the Al2Cu at the grain boundaries will melt, which will lead to the decrease of mechanical properties significantly[7].

In the method of micro-electrolysis, waste iron and carbon grains in the water can form countless small galvanic cells which produce electrode reaction to make the organic macromolecular chain broken, chromophoric groups decolorized.
In addition, the aeration process would produce a large number of bubbles, which may lead to low utilization rate of ozone.