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According to the data in some relevant materials, when adding rare earths into aluminum alloys, rare earths can not only form the compounds (REAl4) which has a role in strengthening the matrix with the aluminum, but form the stable intermetallic compound with iron and silicon.
These compounds are precipitated in the grain boundaries, which make silicon and iron concentration increased in grain boundaries and the reduction of the impurities in crystals, accompanied with the reduction of resistance and the increase of conductivity.

Experimental Procedure Three microalloyed steels were laboratory melted, reheated to 1250 °C, laboratory control-rolled from 80 mm to 13 mm thickness (approximately 50% reduction below 850°C), and air-cooled.
The HiC and HiMn alloys were nominally identical to the Base steel, except for the higher level of carbon in the HiC alloy (and a compensating reduction in manganese to maintain a similar Bs temperature), and a higher level of manganese in the HiMn alloy to suppress diffusional transformations and lower Bs.
EDAX-TSL OIM Data Collection 5.1 software was used for analysis.

However, present of an apparent defect on the surface of the thin films (observed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) upon annealing at 160°C contributed to the reduction of remnant polarization.
The presence of “separations” on AN160 thin film caused a significant reduction in Pr , which was probably due to the observed defects observed in the film.
Prabu, "Ferroelectric P(VDF/TrFE) Ultrathin Film for SPM-based Data Storage Devices " Solid State Phenomena, vol. 124-126, pp. 303-306, 2007

As to AgGO Alginate composite, after the microwave irradiation a new peak appeared at 260 nm, indicating the partially reduction of functional group of GO.
The data revealed that the Alginate layers was covered to graphene oxide and Ag nanoparticles simultaneously deposited on the cellulose with the size of 20 nm in size.
Yoshimura, Chemical reduction of graphene oxide using green reductants. 119 (2017) 190-199

As the outside fiber undergoes a uniaxial compressive stress state, then the effective strain rate εei+1can be calculated using the radius reduction Δi-i+1 which is calculated using Δi+1=(ri-ri+1)ri×100%, as approximated in Eq. 18.
Er=4EEt(E+Et)2 (25) Similar with the calculation of effective strain rate, for a given forming temperature, when the material is drawn from rito ri+1, the outside fiber experiences a certain strain which can be calculated using the radius reduction, then the tangent modulus Et can be obtained using the CDM material model as shown in Fig. 4 (a) and the reduced Young’s modulus.
The stress-strain data for the AA5754 at different temperatures and different strain rates were input into Pamstamp via look up table.

The EOS of type 8 is used, which inputs tabulated the pressure-volumetric strain data points in addition to the instantaneous bulk modulus for unloading at these points.
Fig. 5-b shows the relation between the ratio of the thickness of the HS-ECC layer to the total slab thickness and the reduction factor of displacement.
(a) Displacement-time histories of layered slabs; (b) Reduction-factor with the ratio of HS-ECC layer thickness relationship.

Sample, mm Zeta potential, mV Specific surface,m2/g Specificporevolume,cm3/g less than 0.1 -10.2 13.5 0.006 0.5-1 12.1 0.006 1.5-2.5 10.5 0.005 Data presented in Table 1 indicate that the hematite-based sorbent sample with 1.5-2.5 mm particle size possesses minimum specific surface and specific pore volume as compared with two other samples.
The first endo effect, characterizing considerable mass reduction of sample, was identified in the interval of temperatures from 50 to 2000С.It is likely to be connected with the removal of physically-combined water from the sample in the temperature interval (50-150°С), and at temperatures above 150 0С it is connected with the removal of chemically-combined water.
If time of contact solution with sorbent increases, gradual reduction of solution purification efficiency from Fe3+ions is observed.

In the process of friction-cyclic loading there is an increase in temperature, according to our data – up to 160 - 180 °C, depending on the loading rate.
Firstly, in the contact area of friction micro-roughness, there is a contact significant increase of an actual contact area; this leads to reduction of stress concentration, and thus, to the probability of cracks.
Increase in wear-fatigue characteristics of the composition "Steel - a material with shape memory" is explained by pseudoelasticity of surface layers made of shape memory materials in the friction zone and the reduction of stress concentration by increasing the contact area at friction.

A Photron Fastcam Mini AX200 with Navitar 12xZoomXtender optics was used for the data acquisition, allowing to capture video of up to 7000fps.
Although nanoparticles normally flow worse, the reduction of the time to flow can be related with the smooth morphology achieved after mixing due to the use of balls to increase the mixing.
As consequence of the ceramic addition, thermal conductivity is decreased promoting the enlargement of the tail (thermal conductivity of TiC is around 6 times lower [14,15] due to the reduction of cooling speed.

For example, in Europe, according to 2007 data, 400,000 cases of infections caused by bacteria with multidrug resistance were registered, resulting in 25,000 deaths.
Penetrating inside, essential oils apparently destruct cytoplasmic membrane of microorganisms, which leads to reduction in their permeability and reduction in microorganism aerobic respiration activity [21].