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It is widely discussed in professional literature that the problem with durability of the blocks of flats made of prefabricated concrete slabs was based on poor quality products and negligence in a building process.
Reactions of cover in elements exposed to strongly aggressive environmental conditions (salt water, cycle of freezing and thawing) strongly influence increasing of the cross-section, it may also extort transfer of the reinforcement to the next row, which as a result may change the position of the center of gravity and cause creation of higher sections.
Mixture badly compacted in a boarding creates a penetration slots for water, which gradually but constantly destroys a given element lowering its bearing capacity.

Cross-boundary and Cross-water Ecology Management Mechanism.French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy shoulders the whole responsibility to supervise the waters over the country, sets up 4-level decentralized management, divides into 6 watersheds nationwide with respective supervising agencies.
German government adopts the strategy of financial transfer cross-payment, i.e. 75% sales tax is allocated directly to the states according to their local population, and a bilateral cooperation has been established to control water pollution.
The committee has three professional teams, Seoul Issue 21 Implement Team, Sustainable Development Policy Team and Environment and Protection Education Team, to formulate action issues and plans.
Water resource paid-use system is regulated strictly by the three red-line principle.
With the implementation of the three red-lines principle, the water resource paid-use system and water use permission mechanism should be practiced thoroughly indexed with the total water use control, water use efficiency control and permissible quantity of pollutants in water function zones, and great efforts should be made to promote the water resource management standardization and to enforce the sewage outfall control.

Water absorption from the mortar by the brick changes the mechanical key's development to establish the bond strength [6].
Both material arrangements are made of portland cement and fine sand mixed with water in a certain ratio.
Professional bricklayers constructed all two-layer masonry walls and concrete block units material for test specimens under controlled laboratory conditions.
Water was added to the dry ingredients in a mixer to achieve the desired consistency based on the bricklayers' experience, with all recorded water additions.
The mortar's average volumetric water content was 24.5%, with a coefficient of variation of 0.14 [6].

., their gradual transformation into the final simple inorganic compounds, which are carbon dioxide, water and the corresponding mineral acids.
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process (AOP), applicable to the disinfection and cleaning of water, air and solid surfaces.
Eventually, even the most complicated organic molecules will transform into harmless simple inorganic compounds, including carbon dioxide, water and the relevant mineral acids.
Fig. 7 Experimental setup for automatic spray of the specimens by a water with inoculation medium.
Following their introduction, it will be interesting to track the interest of the professional and lay public in the benefits of these materials in terms of self-cleaning properties of their surfaces, antimicrobial function and also possible local decrease of content of airborne pollutants in the air.

Of such applications, solar energy is primarily used in solar water heater and the market is concentrated in suburbs (the popularizing rate in suburban countries is nearly 30%) and the popularizing rate is only 8% in cities while it is more than 85% in villages and towns.
The problems of solar water heater in technology and product R&D are that 1) the heater can't be installed in high buildings of more than 6 stories due to limit of technical factors of the self-volume and weight capacity of the collector, 2) temperatures of hot water supplied by solar water heater is not stable due to the uneven heating of the heater on different stories and 3)currently, water temperature supplied by solar water heater can reach to 70-80℃ in summer and only 40-50℃ in winter.
The hot water can be used only for home bath not for drinking or industry which needs steam.
Currently, the cost of solar power generation is about RMB3.5yuan/kw/h which is much higher than power generation by marsh gas, wind, water, nuclear and coal traditionally.
Possession of gathered high technological, high level, professional and experienced talents provide the resources condition for the R&D of photovoltaic power generation.

In order to ensure the construction quality of Jing-Jin-Tang Highway’s bridge pavement and prolong its service life, professional engineering and technical personnel of our company positively explore new materials and technology to apply to the highway’s repair and maintenance.
Under the repeated function of motor vehicle loading, the infiltration of water is the main reason to the destruction of surfacing layer.
Vertical and horizontal slopes of the bridge were used to drain water away.
So, in the process of repair and maintain the bridge, the bridge deck waterproof layer should be designed to reduce the damage from water.
The distributing should begin from the side close to the edge of bridge, which prevent the pouring water on the tires of road roller flowing into the unpaved premixed aggregate.

Reflecting the earth developmental history, this site, the earliest spectacular cone karst ever developed, was formed from Carboniferous to Permian period However, a large part of it has been submerged by water erosion, and the original cone karst collapsed, gradually evolving into towers, thus forming tropical sea -invaded Karst landscapes .Therefore, it is safe to say that the Libo karst(Fig. 2.2) takes on unrivalled features although exceptional karst cones are found in other humid tropical landscapes [10].
Fig. 4 Some issues of China South Karst Studies on Sustainable Development in South China Karst Studies on Management and World Heritage Application Strategies South China Karst is distributed in two southwestern provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, one city of Chongqing, and because of its massive coverage, it is confronted with several problems, like the lack of unified management, the shortness of professional management talents and the complex of more-than-one management authorities.
Measures on Rocky restoring should be taken along with the highly-efficient use of water and utility of land resources so as to improve agricultural production and rural living conditions [23].
Also a networked monitoring system is supposed to be established, equipment installed and professional staff assigned to prevent potential natural disasters.
What is more significant is that measures like monitoring, forecasting, analysis and processing should be taken to deal with problems concerning the geological disasters, environment, hydro-geology, earthquakes, floods, atmosphere, water quality, thus minimizing effects and losses of natural disasters.

The water-cement ratio is in a range from 0.15 to 0.30.
Its processability under the minimum water content can be improved with proper superplastic additives.
According to the present-day research and professional literature, there are some possibilities on how to design and produce concrete of the UHPC type.
The lowest amount of superplasticizer was in formula 1, but it has also the highest amount of water.
Conversely, the highest value of the water-cement ratio is 0.43 in the case of formula 2, where the amount of binding elements is 729 kg/m3, with a water amount of 228 kg/m3 and the amount of superplastic additive reaches 0.34% from the cement

This is an invaluable resource for academics, professionals, and policymakers seeking continued progress in graphene technology. 1.
The ID/IG intensity ratio shows a value of 1.09, indicating a higher oxidation level and increased water solubility.
They are essential to the environmental sector's monitoring of water quality.
Alahi et al. (2018) described how carbon-printed sensors are made and the benefits of measuring the amount of nitrate-N in water using a graphene sensor [49].
Kosuvun et al., "Nanoflowers on Microporous Graphene Electrodes as a Highly Sensitive and Low-Cost As(III) Electrochemical Sensor for Water Quality Monitoring," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 6, p. 3099, 2023.

With the rapid growth of Chinese economy, chemical industry parks have been built by making full use of the rich water resources along rivers and seas, and taking advantage of deepwater wharfs.
If the explosion and leakage of dangerous substances fails to be dealt with promptly, it will result in casualties and property damage, or even pollute the eco-environment of the entire water area.
In 2005, the explosion accident occurred in the Dipheny l Plant of CNPC Jilin Petrochemical Company caused a pollution accident of the water and soil to Songhua River, which sounded the alarm of the public environmental risk awareness.
The joint risk management organization consists of relevant administrative departments at prefecture and country levels, persons in charge of major enterprises along the river, and related professional consultants etc., and is mainly responsible for the coordination, organization, management and technical support of the joint prevention.
(2) Prediction early-warning An emergency monitoring network for mutual assistance and support shall be established based on the existing environment monitoring network, to closely monitor the quality of water and air environment by automatic water quality monitoring stations, automatic air stations, automatic monitoring system of key pollution sources, and the supervisory monitoring system of daily environment.