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Optimum intensity of radiation may induce radical/ion formation in the epoxy polymeric structure [5].
The amorphous structure of epoxy may block the radicals or else can allow these to combine with other radicals.
Megusar, Low temperature fast-neutron and gamma-irradiation of glass fibre-epoxy composite: Part 2: Structure and ChemistrY, J.
Li, Effect of gamma irradiation on the mechanical behavior, thermal properties and structure of epoxy/glass-fiber composite, J.

Therefore, issues on forming the alloy properties is an issue on the optimal cluster structure forming to form the target properties.
Electrochemical deposition is a convenient way for the targeted formation of structure and cluster composition.
Instability constants of the complex compounds of cobalt Complexing substance Ligand Composition of complex рН Kн Сo2+ WО42− [Со(WO4)2]2− 6.3÷7.2 5.7·10-4 MoО42− [Со(МоO4)2]2− 6.3÷7.2 8·10-4 WО42-, P2O74− [WO4Со(P2O7)]4- 9.14÷9.9 1.8·10-10 WО42-, Cit3− [WO4Со(Cit)]3- 8.9÷9.7 5.67·10-7 МоО42-, P2O74− [MоO4Со(P2O7)]4- 8.8÷9.7 2.82·10-10 МоО42-, Cit3− [MоO4Со(Cit)]3- 8.2÷8.7 5.87·10-7 Co–Mо–W alloy electrodeposited coatings, refractory components content, surface structure and morphology as well as physical and mechanical properties of which are dependent on the electrolyte composition and electrolysis conditions are formed from the citrate-diphosphate electrolyte.
A low content of tungsten (Fig.4.) in alloy provides coatings with fine-crystalline structure and reduces the internal stresses level [9].
Slobodskoj, The study of microarc discharge electric characteristics in wastewater treatment, Coke and chemistry, 9 (1997) 32–34

The microstructure of 304L stainless steel typically contains a variety of complex austenite (g Fe) and metastable ferrite (d Fe) structure.
This complicated structure is the result of a consequence of both solidification performance and metaphase transformations in the solid state that is controlled by composition and cooling rate. [5, 6].
The base metal chemistry shown in Table 1 was used to calculate chromium and nickel equivalent by the following equations [12].
Whether RSW has been performed in the air or in a nitrogen atmosphere, the SEM micrograph of the re-solidified nuggets (see Fig. 7) show zone 1, starting with primary d-ferrite close to HAZ, followed by columnar structure towards to nugget center.
Figs. 6 and 7 show the microstructure of this region presented an austenitic structure with lathy d-ferrite, and skeletal d-ferrite.

Geochemical synthesis takes place through oligomers (dimmers and trimers), which form the structure of one unit of three dimensional macromolecular structure.
Liapor has the form of granules with nearly spherical grains, homogeneous inner structure of pores and sealed vitrified surface.
Lightweight porous aggregate Liapor has open pore structure, therefore it is necessary to soak it with water before applying to prevent taking of water (or activating agent) in mix, which necessary for reaching suitable consistency. [3] Small lightweight porous aggregate Liapor 0 – 4/525 was used.
Davidovits: Geopolymer, Chemistry and Applications, Institute Geopolymere (2008) [2] EN 1363-1 Fire resistance tests - Part 1: General requirements [3] Information on http://www.liapor.cz [4] L.

Aside from its low biodegradability, the wide classification of oils from hydrocarbons to fatty acids and their complex structures makes oil one of the most difficult pollutants to handle.
Kapok fiber is a known low-density sorbent material with a waxy cutin surface and hollow fiber structure [16].
The hollow tubular structure of KF was preserved after coating with calcium stearate as seen from the cross-sectional images in Fig. 1b, d, and f.
The preservation of this structure benefits the holding capacity of the treated fibers for oil retention [11].
Aside from the surface chemistry and oil viscosity, the sorption performance of kapok fibers is also influenced by the compactness of the fiber matrix [11].

On the previous study, it has already stated that bone inorganic element is CO3Ap (Ca10(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2-x) which contains 4–8 weight% of carbonate in its apatite structure.
Carbonate content inside the apatite structure has a close relationship with osteoclast resorption.
Gelatin is obtained by thermal denaturation or physical and chemical degradation of collagen through the breaking of the triple-helix structure into random coils.
Genipin couldn't afford 100% extent of cross-linking because of the shielding effect of the gelation tertiary structure, which prevents genipin to react with some of the lysine residues [9].
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 26 (2012) 697

The Potential Applications of W– and Mo–doped VO2 Nanobelts to the Functional Packaging Materials Yifu Zhang1,a, Meijuan Fan2,b, Chi Huang1,c, Xinghai Liu2,d,*, Xin Liu3,e and Houbin Li2,f 1College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R.
For the VO2 material, it exhibits infrared transmission with a monoclinic structure at T < Tc.
However, VO2 material becomes infrared reflection with a tetragonal rutile structure at T > Tc.
With the concentration of W–doped fractions increased, the crystal structure of VO2(B) becomes weaker and weaker compared with the XRD patterns of undoped VO2(B).
Compared with the XRD patterns of undoped VO2(M), W doping has little influence on the crystal structure of VO2(M), which greatly differs from that of VO2(B) due to the thermal treatment.

Life cycle cost (LCC) Upstream Downstream Raw material Usage Abandon Production Fig. 2 Framework for life cycle costing of chemical product design A model for integrated assessment of economical and environmental performance The structure of the AHP model.
The AHP combined qualitative and quantitative aspects of complex problem by means of a hierarchical structure.
The structure of the AHP model for integrated assessment of environmental and economical performance of chemical products for the scenarios alternatives is formed.
Table 1 The structure judgement matrix B1 B2 . . .
Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, Vol. 122 (2003), p.105

The essence of grain growth is a process that the element of crystal structure deposit onto interface of the crystal.
As the surface energy of the nuclei and small grain is huge, the structure unit migrated to surface is easy to enter the lattice site which leads to low activation energy of crystal growth.
In addition, the activity of the surface structure unit is better under high temperature.
When two or more microcrystal are approaching closely, the active structure elements of their surface can be rearranged, leading to formulation of large crystal grain by two microcrystal through interconnecting to each other.
Materials Chemistry and Phyisics.

However, these structures are exposed to one of the most aggressive environments: the marine atmosphere.
Furthermore, the remote offshore location of these structures greatly complicates maintenance operations.
Steel R3 exhibited a classic ferrite-pearlite structure.
Steel B1 showed a ferrite-pearlite structure with some bainitic areas, likely due to its copper and nickel content.
Li, Corrosion behavior of weathering steel in marine atmosphere, Materials Chemistry and Physics 77 (2002) 603-608