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One is to improve models and characterization of material structure.
Type III robust design considers sensitivity to uncertainty embedded within a model (i.e., model parameter/structure uncertainty).
Model parameter/structure uncertainty is typically different from the uncertainty associated with noise and control factors, because it could exist in the parameters or structure of constraints, meta-models, engineering equations, and associated simulation or analysis models.
Surrogate / Approx Model Construction Robust Design Specifications Uncertainty Analysis Search / Optimization Algorithms Design Space Structure Design Variables Behavior Performance Requirements Constraints Goals Overall Design Requirements Design Process Performance Property Structure Process Process-Structure-Property Relations Figure 8.
Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 37 (2000), p. 293. 2.

The incorporation of lightweight materials in mortars can affect the porous structure and the open porosity.
With this purpose, physical tests were performed on mortars with incorporation of lightweight materials, and their porous structure was characterized.
Physical tests in cement based-mortars and their porous structure characterization were carried out.
Rosa, Nanostructured silica/polymer subcritical aerogels, Journal of Materials Chemistry 19 (2007) 2195-2198
Gil, Cork agglomerates as an ideal core material in lightweight structures, Materials and Design 31 (2010) 425-432

The migration mechanism in turn depends on the grain boundary structure.
Some simulations of grain boundary structures at 0K showed multiplicity of nearly degenerate structures [86-89] which indicated that at high temperatures the stable structures might be represented by random distribution of the structural units.
Frank, in Metal Surfaces: Structure, Energetics, and Kinetics, edited by W.D.
Wortis, in Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VII, edited by R.
Dahmen, in Interface: Structure and Properties, edited by S.

The conducted modelling allows understanding of how particles interact, form phase structures, or remain in liquid or gaseous phases.
Such a distribution suggests that the potential interactions between the particles do not lead to aggregation or clustering, which is characteristic of hydrodynamic and gaseous systems. 3) if particles cluster or form structured regions, it may indicate a more organized structure typical of a solid phase.
Ivanov, Using various methods of imaging and visualization for studying heterogeneous structures at micro- and nanoscales.
Assessment of fire resistance of fireproof reinforced concrete structures. 
International Journal of Solids and Structures. 286–287 (2024) 112562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2023.112562 [42] B.

Development of devices requires optimization of (1) ink chemistry, (2) inkjet process, (3) substrate ink interaction, and (4) new device structures.
Inkjet printing is a technique based on ink chemistry, so choice of solvent and its purity is crucial.
Fig. 2 shows the device structure schemes used for all inkjet printed transistors.
It was observed that changing the ink chemistry of PEDOT:PSS improves the thin film transistor property.
Mobility of 0.1-0.2 cm2/Vs was reported. [34] Novel device structure for printing.

Kokot, Effect of aluminium on amyloid-beta aggregation in the context of Alzheimer’s disease, Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 12(8) (2015) 2897-2904
Mandal, Wastewater Treatment using plant-derived bioflocculants: green chemistry approach for safe environment, Water Science Technology, 83(8) (2021) 1797-1812
Chemical synonyms, molecular structure and toxicological risk assessment of synthetic textile dyes: A critical review, Journal of Developing Drugs, 5(2) (2016) 57
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26(3) (2014) 911-914
Hindawi Journal of Chemistry.

Additional post processing steps offer a powerful tool to control surface structure of the particles formed.
This is represented by the fabrication of nanoparticles with core-shell structure or hollow particles.
Composites may be produced by doping or core-shell structuring for sophisticated applications.
Better Ceramics through Chemistry IV, MRS Symp.
Lee, Journal of Solid State Chemistry Vol. 179 (2006), p. 1171. 40.

The icosahedral alloys belong to a growing class of materials know as quasicrystals, which have been defined as structures with long-range aperiodic order and crystalographically forbidden rotational symmetries (e.g. fivefold, eightfold, tenfold and 12-fold rotation axes)[1].
During the rapid solidification of alloys, the growth of icosahedral phase, which constitutes the matrix structure, was directionally solidified in most parts of the ingot generating columnar dendrites.
The increase in the percentage of icosahedral phase and the ordering of atomic structure in general caused an increment in the hardness.
[12]¨ Elina Huttunen-Saarivirta and Tuomo Tiainen, “Corrosion behaviour of Al–Cu–Fe alloys containing a quasicrystalline phase”, Materials Chemistry and Physics 85 (2004) 383–395 [13] D.J.

Preparation and characterization of rare earth solid superacids SO42-/TiO2-SnO2-Dy2O3 Haifu Guo 1, a, Xiang li 1,b, Zhisheng Chen 1,c, Peng Yan 1,d Shumin ,Li 2,e, 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing Guangdong 526061, China 2 Northwest Rresearch Institute of Engineering,Investigations and Design, Xian Shanxi, 710003,China aguohaifu@zqu.edu.cn, b lix@zqu.edu.cn, c 190354050@qq.com, dpeng507@163.com, e184488609@qq.com Keywords: rare earth; solid superacids; SO42-/TiO2-SnO2-Dy2O3; preparation condition; esterification reaction.
FTIR, TG-DTA, XRD and BET will be adapted to characterize the structure and morphology of the rare earth solid superacids catalyst.
When a further investigation was focused on the intensity and amount of the diffraction lines, don't find the change obviously with increase of calcinations temperature from 400 to 600 ˚C, this shows the sample has stable crystal structure in this temperature range, namely, thermal stability of sample is better.
For SO42-/TiO2-SnO2-Dy2O3 in Fig. 6, the DTA curve showed four endothermic peaks in 40~ 900 ˚C range. the endothermic peaks around 47.08 ˚C due to elimination of adsorbed water, the endothermic peaks around 145.44 ˚C due to dehydration from micropores and dehydroxylation from the sample, which shows that some porous structures exist in the SO42-/TiO2-SnO2-Dy2O3, The endothermic peaks around 576.54 and 785.97 ˚C be decomposition of surface sulfate groups at higher temperatures.In a word, rare earth mixed with other oxides will influence the thermal stability of sample.

Mass and Heat Transfer in Multi-Pulverizing RPB Hai-hui Chen1, a，Xu-guang Min2,b* 1College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, JingGangShan University, Ji’An, 343009, P.R.C 2Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R.C aemail: chenhaihui68@126.com, b*email (corresponding author): minxuguang@163.com Keywords: Multi-pulverizing; Rotating Packed Bed; Mass transfer; Heat transfer Abstract.
Mass transfer 1.1 Structure The cross-sectional view of the new typical cross-flow RPB is shown in Fig.1, whose rotor is shown in Figure 2.
Fig.1 Cross section of Cross-Flow RPB Fig.2 Rotor of Cross-Flow RPB Fig.3 Process of Mass Transfer 1,2,3—Nylon packing; 4—Motor; 5—Axial fan； 1,2,3—The first, second, third 1—Water tank;2—Rotor flow-meter;3—Rotor of RPB; 6—Sparger;7—Rotating axle；8—Liquid inlet； nylon net packing 4—Liquid inlet;5—CO2 inlet;6—Gas outlet;7—CO2 measurer; 9—Gas inlet pipe；10—Liquid outlet pipe 8—CO2 adjuster;9—CO2 cylinder; 10—Liquid outlet11—Air inlet Heat transfer 2.1 Structure and Experiment The equipment of heat transfer test is similar as shown in Fig. 1, 580mm OD and 660 mm axial-length.
36.8 34.3 35.5 Dry temp. of inlet air /℃ 21 21 21 21 21 21 Wet Temp. of inlet air /℃ 19 19 19 19 19 19 Temp. of outlet air /℃ 24 28.4 29.7 31.8 30.9 32.2 Temp. of outlet water /℃ 27.8 30.5 30.8 32.1 30.9 32.4 Area per volume /m-1 144 136 140 141 143 143 Heat transfer coefficient per volume /103 W·m-3·K-1 73.8 76 76 76 77 75 Table 4 Results of three layers pulverizing Water flow rate VL/m3·h-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Air flow rate Vg /m3·h-1 1500 1400 1290 1250 1230 1180 Temp. of inlet water /℃ 35 30 30 30 30 20 Dry temp. of inlet air /℃ 18.3 18.5 18.5 19 19 17.5 Wet Temp. of inlet air /℃ 15.5 15.5 15.5 16 16 15.5 Temp. of outlet air /℃ 22.3 24.7 26 26.2 27.5 20 Temp. of outlet water /℃ 24.3 24.5 25.5 26 26.5 19 Aver. area per volume /m-1 184 198 210 194 198 189 Heat transfer coefficient per volume /103 W·m-3·k-1 97 101 97 98 97 102 Conclusions The enhancement of multi-pulverizing RPB to gas-liquid mass and heat transfer process has been investigated with different liquid flow rate and rotor structures