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Online since: May 2012
Authors: Xiao Li Hou, Jing Wang, Chang Jing Xiao
This paper thinks, to clear the carbon footprint is the premise of implementing carbon reduction measures, low carbon supply is the core for reducing carbon emission, and low-carbon consumption contributes to achieve carbon reduction goals and enhance the effectiveness.
By calculating the carbon footprint can obtain these data.
By calculating the carbon footprint can obtain these data.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Retno Ardhani, Elylla Oktaviana, Heribertus Dedy Kusuma Yulianto
The reduction in roughness of a surface will result in minimizing of biofilm formation.
Meanwhile the smooth surface will lead to reduction in surface free energy of the substratum, and eventually will result in a decrease plaque growth rate.
Until recently there was no data associated with the effect of brush material on the surface roughness of dental resin composites surface.
Meanwhile the smooth surface will lead to reduction in surface free energy of the substratum, and eventually will result in a decrease plaque growth rate.
Until recently there was no data associated with the effect of brush material on the surface roughness of dental resin composites surface.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Vasily Ploshikhin, A. Prikhodovski, A. Ilin, C. Heimerdinger, F. Palm
The real solidification range for aluminium alloys as well as the liquid phase
fraction is calculated on the basis of the Scheil-Gulliver model [27] using the THERMOCALC
Software [28] and The AL-DATA Thermotech Database [29].
As seen from Fig. 10, according to the present approach the use of the additional beam leads to the sufficient reduction of the displacement accumulation.
The Prokhorov's model reveals the similar tendency to the reduction of the accumulated strain by the multi-beam welding.
As seen from Fig. 10, according to the present approach the use of the additional beam leads to the sufficient reduction of the displacement accumulation.
The Prokhorov's model reveals the similar tendency to the reduction of the accumulated strain by the multi-beam welding.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Xue Xia Xu, Wei You, Bing Zhe Bai
Therefore hardness of the four steels quenching at average cooling rate of 0.18oC/s were also predicted applying ANN models and the data are HV245, HV276, HV290 and HV305 respectively, corresponding to tensile strength about 790MPa, 890MPa, 935MPa and 1010MPa[8], meaning that when tungsten content is 0.3% enough strength has been obtained and too much tungsten may lead to overhigh strength.
Table 3 Chemical composition of experimental steels Steel number Chemical composition[mass%] C Mn Si Ni Mo W E1 0.17 1.50 0.26 0.62 0.47 0.26 E2 0.16 1.50 0.20 0.73 0.48 0.92 Table 4 Tensile properties of the experimental steels at T/2 of model forging Steel number Tensile strength [MPa] Yield Strength [MPa] Elongation [%] Reduction in area [%] E1 664 543 26 73 E2 730 590 23 67 It can be seen that with the tungsten content increases, tensile strength and yield strength increase, elongation and reduction in area decrease.
Table 3 Chemical composition of experimental steels Steel number Chemical composition[mass%] C Mn Si Ni Mo W E1 0.17 1.50 0.26 0.62 0.47 0.26 E2 0.16 1.50 0.20 0.73 0.48 0.92 Table 4 Tensile properties of the experimental steels at T/2 of model forging Steel number Tensile strength [MPa] Yield Strength [MPa] Elongation [%] Reduction in area [%] E1 664 543 26 73 E2 730 590 23 67 It can be seen that with the tungsten content increases, tensile strength and yield strength increase, elongation and reduction in area decrease.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Tommi Varis, Erja Turunen, Ulla Kanerva, Helena Ronkainen, Kimmo Ruusuvuori, Jani Peräntie, Jussi Putaala, Jari Juuti, Heli Jantunen
XRD data with angles of 2θ= 20-70° for as-deposited coatings are shown in Fig. 1.
Similar effects were found here as TiO2 addition resulted in increase of loss level close to 0.04 already at 1 MHz which refers to an increased conductivity possibly through the reduction of TiO2.
On the other hand, the spraying parameters and powder processing leading to the dissolution of TiO2 into Al2O3 and possible formation of mixed amorphous phases may also hinder the reduction of TiO2 and prevent the Al2O3+13%TiO2 sample from showing excessive conduction.
Similar effects were found here as TiO2 addition resulted in increase of loss level close to 0.04 already at 1 MHz which refers to an increased conductivity possibly through the reduction of TiO2.
On the other hand, the spraying parameters and powder processing leading to the dissolution of TiO2 into Al2O3 and possible formation of mixed amorphous phases may also hinder the reduction of TiO2 and prevent the Al2O3+13%TiO2 sample from showing excessive conduction.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Xin Gang Li, Sheng Nan Li
It can formulate more route choice modes by adjusting the parameters of the algorithm, but the model just has some disadvantages that in the process of evacuation, pedestrians would prefer to walk stick inside rather than go ahead when they arrive at the corner of a channel, so they formed a bottleneck naturally where there should be no bottleneck, resulting in the capacity reduction and increasing the evacuating time.
Density parameter The original model above can formulate more route choice modes by adjusting the relevant parameters, but through simulations, we find that the model just has some disadvantages that in the process of evacuation, pedestrians would prefer to walk stick inside rather than go ahead when they arrive at the corner of a channel, so they formed a bottleneck naturally where there should be no bottleneck, resulting in the capacity reduction and increasing the evacuation time.
It can be seen that for the three groups of data, the evacuation time increases with the increase of N-value.
Density parameter The original model above can formulate more route choice modes by adjusting the relevant parameters, but through simulations, we find that the model just has some disadvantages that in the process of evacuation, pedestrians would prefer to walk stick inside rather than go ahead when they arrive at the corner of a channel, so they formed a bottleneck naturally where there should be no bottleneck, resulting in the capacity reduction and increasing the evacuation time.
It can be seen that for the three groups of data, the evacuation time increases with the increase of N-value.
Online since: June 2020
Authors: Jung Min Park, Seung Jo Lee
CFTs, however, have a somewhat low self-weight reduction effect; thus, they require a structure that can simultaneously lighten their weight further and improve their load carrying capacity.
The objective of this study was to provide basic research data about CFDT beam members through the evaluation of their structural mechanical properties and flexural shear strength under multiple variable conditions.
Me=2kfck3 (R0 3cos3a0-R0 3cos3ai)+4fsy (R02t0cosa0+Ri2ticosai) (2) where fsy is the yield strength of the steel tube; fck is the compressive strength of the filled concrete; k is the reduction factor of concrete (=0.85); R0 and Ri are the radii of the outer tube (=D0/2) and the inner tube (=Di/2), respectively; to and ti are the thicknesses of the outer and inner tubes, respectively; and ai and a0 are the angles between the neutral and compressive regions of the inner and outer tubes, respectively (however, Sinai=(R0/Ri)sina0).
The objective of this study was to provide basic research data about CFDT beam members through the evaluation of their structural mechanical properties and flexural shear strength under multiple variable conditions.
Me=2kfck3 (R0 3cos3a0-R0 3cos3ai)+4fsy (R02t0cosa0+Ri2ticosai) (2) where fsy is the yield strength of the steel tube; fck is the compressive strength of the filled concrete; k is the reduction factor of concrete (=0.85); R0 and Ri are the radii of the outer tube (=D0/2) and the inner tube (=Di/2), respectively; to and ti are the thicknesses of the outer and inner tubes, respectively; and ai and a0 are the angles between the neutral and compressive regions of the inner and outer tubes, respectively (however, Sinai=(R0/Ri)sina0).
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Jilt Sietsma, Maria Jesus Santofimia, Lie Zhao, Yoshiki Takahama
Introduction
The new requirements on safety and fuel reduction imposed to the automotive industry are leading
to the development of new steels with higher combinations of strength and formability.
Figs. 2a and 2b show simulations considering an immobile interface (CCE conditions) whereas Figs. 2c and 2d refer to simulations performed assuming an activation energy for iron migration on the martensite-austenite interface of 140 kJ/mol (from data of austenite to ferrite transformations [17-18]).
The model predicts the formation of epitaxial ferrite during the first quench (as was also experimentally confirmed [6,19]) leading to a substantial reduction of the volume fraction of austenite prior to the formation of martensite.
Figs. 2a and 2b show simulations considering an immobile interface (CCE conditions) whereas Figs. 2c and 2d refer to simulations performed assuming an activation energy for iron migration on the martensite-austenite interface of 140 kJ/mol (from data of austenite to ferrite transformations [17-18]).
The model predicts the formation of epitaxial ferrite during the first quench (as was also experimentally confirmed [6,19]) leading to a substantial reduction of the volume fraction of austenite prior to the formation of martensite.
Online since: February 2006
Authors: Leszek Adam Dobrzański, Witold T. Kierkus, Jerry Sokolowski, Rafał Maniara, Wojciech Kasprzak
Standard errors calculated for each measured data point have also been included in the graph.
The increase of the cooling rate with an increase amount of the nucleation primers and reduction of the recalescence temperature is well established fact.
The reduction of secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) is clearly evident from this pictures.
The increase of the cooling rate with an increase amount of the nucleation primers and reduction of the recalescence temperature is well established fact.
The reduction of secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) is clearly evident from this pictures.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Akira Shimamoto, Ryo Kubota, Fumio Nogata, Do Yeon Hwang
The steering wheel and the sheet frame of a vehicle contribute to
reduce environmental burden since their light weight enable gas consumption reduction.
One of the purposes of using magnesium alloy is weight reduction.
To obtain detailed data, more accurate, specialized strain gauge is necessary
One of the purposes of using magnesium alloy is weight reduction.
To obtain detailed data, more accurate, specialized strain gauge is necessary