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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Chao Yang Feng, Zhi Rong Zheng, Shi Hai Lv, Jun Jing Gao
In recent years, there are several kinds of approaches to assess management effectiveness of nature reserves abroad, such as the Rapid assessment and Prioritization of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM) program recently established by WWF’s Forest for Life program [7], assessment index of EU Natura[9], Threat Reduction Assessment (TRA)[10], seven disturbance parameters to quantify the current threats of management[11].
Based on the data collection and field survey, we will propose an effective evaluation index system and criteria.
Thread reduction assessment: a practical and cost-effective approach to evaluating conservation and development projects.
Based on the data collection and field survey, we will propose an effective evaluation index system and criteria.
Thread reduction assessment: a practical and cost-effective approach to evaluating conservation and development projects.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Jeremiah C. Millare, Carlo S. Emolaga, Melvin Dayao, Dean Robin De Leon
Statistical Treatment of Data.
The reduction of the 3345 cm⁻¹ O–H peak suggests decreased moisture retention from the cellulose structure and impurities, while the diminished 1029 cm⁻¹ and 2904 cm⁻¹ peaks indicate partial lignin and hemicellulose removal [13].
This treatment yielded the most pronounced improvements among all tested conditions, as evidenced by the greatest reduction in surface impurities, enhanced thermal stability, and superior surface modification, making the fibers more suitable for composite reinforcement applications.
The reduction of the 3345 cm⁻¹ O–H peak suggests decreased moisture retention from the cellulose structure and impurities, while the diminished 1029 cm⁻¹ and 2904 cm⁻¹ peaks indicate partial lignin and hemicellulose removal [13].
This treatment yielded the most pronounced improvements among all tested conditions, as evidenced by the greatest reduction in surface impurities, enhanced thermal stability, and superior surface modification, making the fibers more suitable for composite reinforcement applications.
Online since: January 2020
Authors: Doaa M. Abdullah, Farhad Mohammed Othman, Alaa Aladdin Abdul-Hamead
The atomic force microscopy, AFM, was used with digital devices; distinctive data were obtained from the images of height, including the Roughness and Root Mean Square (RMS), model AA300220V and made in USA.
a b c d e f g Fig. 3: The AFM results of cement class “G”: (a) Cement without addition, (b) with 0.25% Zno Nano rods, (c) with 1% Zno Nano rods, (d) with 0.25% cement dust (e) with 1% cement dust, (f) with 0.25% Zno Nano rods +cement dust, and (g) with 1% Zno Nano rods +cement dust Table 2: The AFM results of Class “G” only and with additives Percentage (%) Roughness (nm) Diameter (nm) Zero sample 18.79 103.01 0.25% Zinc oxide 37.21 136.23 1% Zinc oxide 20.17 101.75 0.25% cd 15.38 103.85 1% cd 29.97 110.01 0.25% cd+NR 16.61 184.82 1% cd+NR 14.59 185.3 SEM Result: In the control sample, regular and prominent granules of Ca(OH)2 and distributed homogeneously and clearly appear within the base material of C-S-H, which appears in a small percentage The existence of many CH crystals connected to the C-S-H gel indicates that the hydration process is not completed and also explains the reduction of mechanical properties for the reference mixture.
The effect of carbon-supported nickel nanoparticles in the reduction of carboxylic acids for in situ upgrading of heavy crude oil Energy Fuels (2017), 31, 6045–6055
a b c d e f g Fig. 3: The AFM results of cement class “G”: (a) Cement without addition, (b) with 0.25% Zno Nano rods, (c) with 1% Zno Nano rods, (d) with 0.25% cement dust (e) with 1% cement dust, (f) with 0.25% Zno Nano rods +cement dust, and (g) with 1% Zno Nano rods +cement dust Table 2: The AFM results of Class “G” only and with additives Percentage (%) Roughness (nm) Diameter (nm) Zero sample 18.79 103.01 0.25% Zinc oxide 37.21 136.23 1% Zinc oxide 20.17 101.75 0.25% cd 15.38 103.85 1% cd 29.97 110.01 0.25% cd+NR 16.61 184.82 1% cd+NR 14.59 185.3 SEM Result: In the control sample, regular and prominent granules of Ca(OH)2 and distributed homogeneously and clearly appear within the base material of C-S-H, which appears in a small percentage The existence of many CH crystals connected to the C-S-H gel indicates that the hydration process is not completed and also explains the reduction of mechanical properties for the reference mixture.
The effect of carbon-supported nickel nanoparticles in the reduction of carboxylic acids for in situ upgrading of heavy crude oil Energy Fuels (2017), 31, 6045–6055
Characteristics of Fluoride Based Conversion Coating Film on Al-Alloy for Metal Forming Applications
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Pongpan Niyomrit, Varunee Premanond
The Al6063 rings of 31.75 mm outside diameter, 15.88 mm inside diameter and 10.85 mm height coated by AlF-soap and phosphate-soap were compressed between two flat die to 50% reduction in height.
The remaining lubricant thickness (T) and % reduction of lubricant film (% re) at three positions on the compressed rings.
The factors influence lubricant thinning The corresponding normal pressure and sliding length at each position was determined by finite element simulation to the same die stroke achieve in experiments as shown in figure 9 and the data is presented in table 3.
The remaining lubricant thickness (T) and % reduction of lubricant film (% re) at three positions on the compressed rings.
The factors influence lubricant thinning The corresponding normal pressure and sliding length at each position was determined by finite element simulation to the same die stroke achieve in experiments as shown in figure 9 and the data is presented in table 3.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Khaled Mohamed Mostafa, Azza Awad El-Sanabary, Heba Abed El Meged Ameen
The lower thermal stability of SNPs may be due to the reduction in particles size (80–100 nm).
The thermal analysis data revealed that the resultant copolymer was more thermally stable than that un-grafted one.
Transitional properties of starch colloid with particle size reduction from micro-to nanometer, J.
The thermal analysis data revealed that the resultant copolymer was more thermally stable than that un-grafted one.
Transitional properties of starch colloid with particle size reduction from micro-to nanometer, J.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Xiao Hou Shao, Ting Ting Chang, Wei Na Wang, Wei Li, Xin Yu Mao
There is more than 5 billion of agricultural food reduction caused by sea water invasion every year (Wang et al., 2008).
(3) 1.4 Statistical analysis All data were processed with Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0.
The decrease of T6 compare to T5 can be explained that excessive irrigation water will lead to soil nutrient loss and crop yield reduction.
(3) 1.4 Statistical analysis All data were processed with Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0.
The decrease of T6 compare to T5 can be explained that excessive irrigation water will lead to soil nutrient loss and crop yield reduction.
Online since: January 2018
Authors: Alva Peled, Ehud Cohen, Gabriela Bar Nes
Chemical composition of QD and FA determined by XRF analysis, particle size data from laser diffraction and specific gravity by means of LeChatelier’s flask measurements.
An additional explanation for this finding might be the reduction in the water to solids weight ratio, as presented in Table 3.
A minor reduction in the heat evolution as the result of QD addition appears at the later reaction times, perhaps due to changes in the specific heat capacities of the materials.
An additional explanation for this finding might be the reduction in the water to solids weight ratio, as presented in Table 3.
A minor reduction in the heat evolution as the result of QD addition appears at the later reaction times, perhaps due to changes in the specific heat capacities of the materials.
Online since: May 2021
Authors: Z. Akhmetshina, P. Pantyukhov, Elena E. Mastalygina
.%), which provides a significant reduction in the material cost.
Most studies devoted to the modification of semi-crystalline polymers with solid powder fillers have reported a significant reduction in toughness compared to pure polymers [5,6].
According to the data from FTIR analysis, the rate of degradation under environmental factors for the composites with calcium carbonate was higher than this parameter for pure polyethylene.
Most studies devoted to the modification of semi-crystalline polymers with solid powder fillers have reported a significant reduction in toughness compared to pure polymers [5,6].
According to the data from FTIR analysis, the rate of degradation under environmental factors for the composites with calcium carbonate was higher than this parameter for pure polyethylene.
Online since: May 2021
Authors: Vladimir N. Malikov, Alexey V. Ishkov, Maxim Ananyev, Nikolay Karpov
All this results in a decrease in the quality of agrotechnical measures and soil cultivation, prolongation of the of field works and downtime of equipment, increase in tillage costs and FCM consumption, reduction of working tools life cycle and increase in operating costs [3-5].
With a reduction of the DFT wings width due to their wear, the traction resistance will go down, therefore, the friction processes occurring at the interface between the DFT blade and the bottom of the furrow will have the greatest influence on its change.
As follows from the data presented in Table 1, fiberglass is 4.33 times lighter and 2.35 times more resistant than steel in an abrasive environment simulating the first category soil, has 1.75-2 times better bending strength and also more resistant to the main types of corrosive environments.
With a reduction of the DFT wings width due to their wear, the traction resistance will go down, therefore, the friction processes occurring at the interface between the DFT blade and the bottom of the furrow will have the greatest influence on its change.
As follows from the data presented in Table 1, fiberglass is 4.33 times lighter and 2.35 times more resistant than steel in an abrasive environment simulating the first category soil, has 1.75-2 times better bending strength and also more resistant to the main types of corrosive environments.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Yong Sheng Fan, Xiao Hua Li, Yi Xi Cai, Wei Dong Zhao, Hai Yun Yin
Conversion, α, is normalized form of weight loss data of sample and is defined as follows:
(4)
where mi is the initial mass of the sample, mα is the actual mass and mf is the mass after pyrolysis.
It results in significant mass reduction.
The heating rate should not too low either, or it would cause the reduction of the pre-exponential factor A, which is unhelpful to improve the reaction rate.
It results in significant mass reduction.
The heating rate should not too low either, or it would cause the reduction of the pre-exponential factor A, which is unhelpful to improve the reaction rate.