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Enhancement of Surface Properties on Films of Waterborne-Polyurethane Hybridized by Highly Dispersed and Aluminate-Modified Silica Sol Sang Nam Lee1,2, Dae Sung Kim1,a, Ki Bong Lee2, Seung-Ho Lee1, Hyung Mi Lim1, Seong Soo Park3 and Gun Dae Lee3 1Eco-Composite Materials Team, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology (KICET), Seoul 153-801, South Korea 2Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea 3Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, South Korea adskim@kicet.re.kr Keywords: Waterborne-polyurethane(WPU), aluminate-modified silica (Al-SiO2), Hardness, Chemical and abrasion resistance, VOC free, Sol-gel, Silica sol Abstract.
Al species on Al-SiO2 was identified by the EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) instrument and crystal structure of aluminate could not detected due to amorphous phase by the XRD instrument (not shown here).
This is due to improved dispersion of aluminate modified silica particles in WPU resin, and thereby the higher density of nano structured film.

Several peat structure degradation methods were developed for more efficient extraction of HSs: mechanical, ultrasound, hydrodynamic, etc.
Such treatment causes cavitation and generates shear forces that degrade the complex structure of peat.
Serzane, Methods for analysis of aquatic humic substances, Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. (1999)

Some Exploitation Properties of Wood Plastic Composites Based on Mixtures of Virgin and Recycled High Density Polyethylenes and Birch Plywood Sanding Dust Janis Kajaks1,a*, Karlis Kalnins1,2,b, Martins Zalitis1,a and Juris Matvejs3,c 1Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, LV-1048, P.Valdena str.3/7, Latvia 2Troja LTD, Riga, LV-1004, Bauskas str.143, Latvia 3Latvijas finieris JSC, Riga, LV-1004, Bauskas str.59, Latvia ajanis.kajaks@rtu.lv, bkarlis.kalnins@finieris.lv, cjuris.matvejs@finieris.lv Keywords: composite; mixtures of virgin and recycled high density polyethylene; birch plywood sanding dust; exploitation properties.
Marttila, Characterization of wood plastic composites manufactured from recycled plastics blends, Composite Structures. 161 (2017) 469-476
Gonzalez-Sanchez, Mechanical recycling and composition effects on the properties and structure of hard wood cellulose reinforced high density polyethylene eco-composites, Composites: Part A. 69 (2015) 94-104

Introduction Metal and alloys are widely used in industrial and engineering structures because of their strength and ductility properties.
The m-aminophenol and poly(m-aminophenol) chemical structures were determined by FTIR (Perkin Elmer FTIR Model 2000) spectrophotometer using KBr pellets of solid sample.
Yahya, Effects of dissolved oxygen on the integrity of industrial chlorinated rubber based primer used in rubber/metal composites, Rubber Chemistry and Technology 88 (2015) 502-514.

For the study of products obtained on the basis of microphase separation, the methods of DSC and DMA for detecting and semi-quantitative evaluation of the formed phases, and thermoporometry methods for studying their porous structure are considered.
In [14], the influence of oligomeric silsesquioxanes of various structures on the heat resistance, strength properties, and curing process of the epoxy anhydride composition was studied.
Series: Chemistry and chemical technology. 50 (2007) 36-41

The Synthesis of Renewable Hydrocarbons from Different Vegetable Oils and Soapstock by Hydrotreatment over High Metal Loading Supported Ni Catalyst Kristaps Malins1,a*, Ilze Malina1,b, Mara Legzdina1,c 1Riga Technical University, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Paula Valdena Str. 3, Riga, Latvia amkrist@inbox.lv or kristaps.malins@rtu.lv, bmalina.ilze1@gmail.com, cmara.legzdina@rtu.lv Keywords: Nickel, supported catalysts, hydrocarbons, hydrotreatment, deoxygenation, vegetable oil Abstract.
Bioethanol is significantly different than other two biofuels by application, chemical structure and utilized feedstock for production.
However, the chemical structure and production technologies for both are quite different.

The structure of ceria nanocrystal was analysed using X-ray diffractometer (PANanalytical).
The identified diffraction peaks correspond to the cubic fluorite structure of cerianite (JCPDS:43-0394) which was consistent with other studies [4-10].
Based on the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the hysteresis loop identified as a type IV isotherm of mesoporous materials.

Taufiq-Yap1, 2, c 1Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat); Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia akreem.alsultan@yahoo.com, b ckin_mijan@yahoo.com, c taufiq@upm.edu.my Keywords: deoxygenation, waste cooking oil, Activated carbon, Biofuel.
Fig. 1 shows the XRD patterns for AC and CaO/AC, in which an amorphous structure is observed at around 25°, which is typical for AC [7].
The AC amorphous structure pattern reduced significantly after being impregnated with the Ca solution.

The oxide scales formed after oxidation in Ar-CO2 atmophere exhibit a crystalline structure with the faced shape oxide.
The oxide scales formed after oxidation in Ar-CO2 with water vapour contents exhibit a crystalline structure with the faced shape oxide. 2.
Allendorf, Theoretical and experimental investigation of the thermochemistry of CrO2(OH)2(g), The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 111 (2007) 1971-1980

According to Chen and some collaborators [9], the applications of calcite are determined by a number of defined parameters (morphology, structure, size, brightness, oil adsorption and chemical purity).
This is more present in the phyllosilicates (crystalline silicate structure with lamellar layers) [12].
Anaissi: Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry Vol. 5 (4) (2013), p. 1.