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Online since: October 2007
Authors: Akihisa Inoue, Hisamichi Kimura, Jeong Jung Oak
Introduction
A number of Titanium base alloys have been developed over five decades [1].
Meanwhile, one of the currently available materials is metallic glasses which have unique properties, i.e. superior specific strength form high atomic packing density, potential storage function form free volume in matrix, relaxation of the mutual atomic bonding is due to bulk forming ability and fatigue transformation as well as high corrosion resistance by absence of grain boundary [3-4].
Meanwhile, one of the currently available materials is metallic glasses which have unique properties, i.e. superior specific strength form high atomic packing density, potential storage function form free volume in matrix, relaxation of the mutual atomic bonding is due to bulk forming ability and fatigue transformation as well as high corrosion resistance by absence of grain boundary [3-4].
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Masaki Yasuoka, Takaaki Nagaoka, Koji Watari, Takashi Shirai, Yutsuki Nisimura
With the microwave drying,
the pores are smaller in number and size than those obtained for other drying methods in Figs. 2-(d) -
2-(f).
(4) Grain growth was influenced slightly by irradiation method.
(4) Grain growth was influenced slightly by irradiation method.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Hans Berns, A. Tyshchenko, Sascha Riedner
This allows to report a
mean wear rate (total mass loss/total
number of impacts) in Table 2.
It is well known from Hadfield steel [8] and austenitic high nitrogen steels [9], that high interstitial austenite tends to decompose upon retarded cooling, usually starting at grain boundaries, where nucleation of carbides or nitrides is eased.
It is well known from Hadfield steel [8] and austenitic high nitrogen steels [9], that high interstitial austenite tends to decompose upon retarded cooling, usually starting at grain boundaries, where nucleation of carbides or nitrides is eased.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Jian Hua Wang, Yu Zhong Guo, Fei Luo, Lin Zhang
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 system is most pervasively investigated due to the elimination of Mn3+by Ni2+ occurrence on 16d lattice sites of LiMn2O4, which suppresses largely Mn dissolution and the resulting capacity fading, accordingly slow down the related cyclic capability degradation [13-16].However, a large number of Ni2+ on Mn sites (16d) will be prone to exchange with Li+ (8a), leading to a blockage of 3D-network of Li+ immigration passage ways [17].
Y.K.Sun [6] found that the Ni, Cr substitutions for Mn into crystalline spinel lattice would make the grain size of sintered powders smaller, this is concurrent behavior in companion with lattice parameter getting smaller.
Y.K.Sun [6] found that the Ni, Cr substitutions for Mn into crystalline spinel lattice would make the grain size of sintered powders smaller, this is concurrent behavior in companion with lattice parameter getting smaller.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Przemysław Tyczewski
Online since: August 2018
Authors: Thitinai Gaewdang, Ngamnit Wongcharoen
Acknowledgment
This work is supported by King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang under grant number A118-61-038.
Serin, The change in the electrical transport mechanism from the grain boundary conduction to the nearest-neighbor hopping conduction in SnO2, J.
Serin, The change in the electrical transport mechanism from the grain boundary conduction to the nearest-neighbor hopping conduction in SnO2, J.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Klaudiusz Gołombek, Leszek Adam Dobrzański, Grzegorz Matula, Błażej Tomiczek
On the other hand, it is suggested in the work [8] that – due to a larger number of the investigated particles – ultrasound mixing of the suspension during measurement and the fact that the angle between the measured particle and the measuring beam is completely accidental, the value measured indeed corresponds to the average particle diameter.
Apparent density (a) and microhardness (b) of milled composite powders As shown, the use of mechanical alloying leads to a high degree of deformation, which – coupled with a decreased size of grain below 100nm [9] and the dispersion of the reinforcing refined particles - reinforces the material, as best illustrated by increased hardness of composite materials powders (Fig. 5b).
Apparent density (a) and microhardness (b) of milled composite powders As shown, the use of mechanical alloying leads to a high degree of deformation, which – coupled with a decreased size of grain below 100nm [9] and the dispersion of the reinforcing refined particles - reinforces the material, as best illustrated by increased hardness of composite materials powders (Fig. 5b).
Online since: April 2013
Authors: Alexander Gorokhovsky, J.I. Escalante, P. Ponce, M.A. Escobedo, M.A. González
Introduction
Glass-ceramics can be obtained by controlled crystallization of glasses, this permit to obtain materials with free pore, fine grained microstructure and specific properties, for these reasons, glass-ceramics have obtained great importance in the last decades in applications as structural, electronic materials, etc. [1].
Glasses Losses [Weight %] Glass-ceramics Losses [Weight %] Number of group Neutral Acid Basic Neutral Acid Basic G5 6.8 17.7 11.0 10.3 17.2 15.5 1 G6 5.7 15.2 10.8 11.0 13.7 12.3 G7 0.2 15.5 1.0 5.8 13.5 6.7 G8 1.0 18.8 9.0 8.0 8.5 11.3 G9 1.0 18.0 10.7 13.5 13.3 17.5 G10 9.0 19.0 14.5 8.8 13.2 8.7 G11 5.7 17.5 4.7 9.7 16.3 14.5 G12 14.5 18.7 19.7 13.8 22.0 16.7 G14 2.0 23.7 18.2 13.7 15.3 15.5 G1 1.3 26.3 1.5 4.0 30.8 6.2 2 G2 2.2 30.7 5.8 3.2 33.0 5.7 G3 1.5 27.0 12.8 4.8 28.5 10.2 G4 1.0 24.5 15.3 3.3 27.0 13.0 G13 3.2 21.3 7.2 12.7 21.2 18.3 On the other hand, Table 3 presents mechanical strength results of some glasses and glass-ceramics obtained in the investigated system.
Glasses Losses [Weight %] Glass-ceramics Losses [Weight %] Number of group Neutral Acid Basic Neutral Acid Basic G5 6.8 17.7 11.0 10.3 17.2 15.5 1 G6 5.7 15.2 10.8 11.0 13.7 12.3 G7 0.2 15.5 1.0 5.8 13.5 6.7 G8 1.0 18.8 9.0 8.0 8.5 11.3 G9 1.0 18.0 10.7 13.5 13.3 17.5 G10 9.0 19.0 14.5 8.8 13.2 8.7 G11 5.7 17.5 4.7 9.7 16.3 14.5 G12 14.5 18.7 19.7 13.8 22.0 16.7 G14 2.0 23.7 18.2 13.7 15.3 15.5 G1 1.3 26.3 1.5 4.0 30.8 6.2 2 G2 2.2 30.7 5.8 3.2 33.0 5.7 G3 1.5 27.0 12.8 4.8 28.5 10.2 G4 1.0 24.5 15.3 3.3 27.0 13.0 G13 3.2 21.3 7.2 12.7 21.2 18.3 On the other hand, Table 3 presents mechanical strength results of some glasses and glass-ceramics obtained in the investigated system.
Online since: November 2021
Authors: Ajchara Imkum Putkham, Apipong Putkham, Suwanan Chuakham, Sukaranan Kanokwan
High density of quicklime normally leads to large particles due to lime grain fusion mechanism [12].
Figure 5 FTIR spectra of and functional group analysis for calcium oxide products from eggshells, industrial-grade calcium oxide, and laboratory-grade calcium oxide Table 4 FTIR waveform numbers comparing the calcium oxide functional groups CaO ES-1 CaO ES-2 Industrial grade CaO Laboratory grade CaO CaO [1] CaO [11] CaO [10] Assignments - - 3641 3641 3642 3600 3641 -O-H 1410 1410 1416 1416 1410 1414 1428 CO32- 1050 1050 1022 - 1053 1063 - -C-O 876 876 876 876 875 - 875 CO32- 719 719 713 - - 710 712 CO32- 500-580 500-580 500-580 500-580 Ca-O bonds 4.
Figure 5 FTIR spectra of and functional group analysis for calcium oxide products from eggshells, industrial-grade calcium oxide, and laboratory-grade calcium oxide Table 4 FTIR waveform numbers comparing the calcium oxide functional groups CaO ES-1 CaO ES-2 Industrial grade CaO Laboratory grade CaO CaO [1] CaO [11] CaO [10] Assignments - - 3641 3641 3642 3600 3641 -O-H 1410 1410 1416 1416 1410 1414 1428 CO32- 1050 1050 1022 - 1053 1063 - -C-O 876 876 876 876 875 - 875 CO32- 719 719 713 - - 710 712 CO32- 500-580 500-580 500-580 500-580 Ca-O bonds 4.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Ji Cai Feng, Qing Jie Sun, Hai Feng Hu, Xin Yuan
There even exist a large number of blow holes in the weld joint.
Fig. 2 A laser-arc compounding narrow-gap precision welding method [17] Fig. 3 A narrow-gap laser-arc compounding welding method of using filler wire [18] TIG welding with controlled magnetic arc In 1962, Brown studied the influence of electromagnetic stirring on welding stainless steel, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy and found the phenomenon of grain refinement [20].
Fig. 2 A laser-arc compounding narrow-gap precision welding method [17] Fig. 3 A narrow-gap laser-arc compounding welding method of using filler wire [18] TIG welding with controlled magnetic arc In 1962, Brown studied the influence of electromagnetic stirring on welding stainless steel, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy and found the phenomenon of grain refinement [20].