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Averaging the normalized material densities of the neighboring elements are followed as: (2) Where, is the density of the k-th node, is the number of neighboring elements at this node, is the normalized material density of the e-th neighboring element of the k-th node.
References [1] Zhang Xian-min, Topology optimization of compliant mechanisms, Chinese journal of mechanical engineering, 2003, 39(11), pp. 47-51.
Journal of south china university of technology(Natural Science Edition), 2007,35（12），6-10
[9] Pei Ling,Guo Wei-zhong, Density contour-oriented profile extraction for topology optimization of compliant mechanisms [J].Journal of shanghai Jiao tong university2009,43（5）:811-815
Reliability-based topology optimization of a compliant micro-gripper with geometrical nonlinearity [J].Journal of south china university of technology (Natural Science Edition),2008,36（8）,110-116.

Among all WBG materials, 4H-SiC stands out as the most promising for power devices.
Our findings closely matched those of a previous study (1.97 eV) for Ni-based materials, whereas this study, focused on Ti-based materials (1.15 eV) [3].
Furno, Design, Fabrication and Characterization of 1.5 mΩcm2, 800 V 4H-SiC n-Type Schottky Barrier Diodes, Materials science forum, 483–485 (2005) 941–944
Umesh Chand, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), IME Focused on analysis of electrical and material characterization results.
Surasit Chung, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), IME Provided insights into material behaviour and supported data validation.

Introduction The Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive in prohibiting the use of lead in electronic circuit resulted to the development of alternative solder materials such as SAC.
Science and Engineering A 646 (2015) 82-89 [2] F.X.
Sato, Interfacial reactions and impact reliability of Sn-Zn solder joints on Cu or electroless Au/Ni(P) bond-pads, Journal of Materials Research 19 (Oct 2004) 2887-2896 [6] Y.W.
Lee, Effect of Cu addition on interfacial reaction between Sn-9Zn solder and Ag, Journal Materials Research 21 (Dec 2006) 2986-2990 [7] L.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

The material of thin-walled workpiece is 6061-T61, whose elastic modulus E=7×104 Mpa, poisson’s ratio μ=0.33 and material density ρ=2.7×103 kg/m3.
T is the temperature of the material, Tmelt is the melting point of the material and Troom is the room temperature.
An overview of modeling and simulation of the milling process [J], Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1991, 113, 169–175
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2011, 211: 24–34
Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2005, 39(3): 368–372.

For materials whose tensile strength and compressive strength are different, in the field of strength calculation standards, it needs two material strength coefficients, namely the tensile ultimate strength ft and the compressive strength limit fc.
In the unified strength theory, if taking tension-compression ratio of materials α=1, unified strength theory was reduced to unified yield criterion.
This formula is not only applicable to metal material of same tension-compression ratio, also is applicable to a large number of materials of different tension-compression ratio.Compared the results of the paper with the literature tests，both coincide in good condition.
Journal of Structural Engineering, 2004, 130(2): 180-188 [8] Li Xiao-wei, Zhao Jun-hai.
Beijing:Science Press,1982.

Introduction Surface roughness in high precision machining materials becomes more important especially in lens and optics industry.
It has the highest oxygen permeability value compared to all available lathe cut hydrogel materials which is achieved from an exclusive blend of fluorosilicone and hydrophilic monomers.
Conclusion This experimental study was performed to investigate the surface roughness obtained in diamond machining of advanced polymeric materials used for making contact lenses.
Li: Journal of Industrial Technology, 15 (1), (1998), pp.1-6
Vinayagam: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 36 (7) (2011), pp.1407-1422.

Models Meshing and Materials Properties All the created models are meshed with ten-node tetrahedral element (C3D10) based on a mesh convergence investigation (Fig. 5).
Albedah, The Effect of Dynamic Loading from Routine Activities on Mechanical Behavior of the Total Hip Arthroplasty: Design and Computation of Modern Engineering Materials, Advanced Structured Materials 54 (2014) 73-87
Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Behaviour of a Reinforced PMMA-Based Hip Spacer", Advanced Materials Research. 1105 (2015) 36-40
Ageing and moisture uptake in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 32 (2014) 76-88
Benbarek, The Effects of Cracks Emanating from Micro-Void and Bone Inclusion in Cemented Total Hip Replacement, Advances in Bio-Mechanical Systems and Materials, Advanced Structured Materials (2013) 41-57

The focus of the flexible protective measure is to choose the energy-absorbing materials and dissipate the inputting energy as possible[3-5].
Fig. 1 Dimension of the reinforced concrete beam Table 1 Mechanical parameters of materials Materials Elastic Modulus (GPa) Shear Modulus (GPa) Poisson's Ratio v Density (kg/m3) Area （mm2） Compression steel bar Φ6 210 0.3 7.85 x 10-6 28.5 Tension steel bar Φ12 200 0.3 7.85 x 10-6 113 Stirrup Φ4 205 0.3 7.85 x 10-6 12.56 Drop hammer 210 0.3 7.85 x 10-6 Steel plate 210 0.3 7.85 x 10-6 Rubber plate 1.04 1.15 x 10-6 Results Analysis The strain of the beam with different protective measures is shown in Fig. 2.
Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2008, 34(3): 278-287
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2013, 57: 159-172
Building Science, 2009, 25: 82-85

Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 287-290 (2011), p. 738 [2] Y.
Materials Protection, Vol. 43 (2010), p. 44 (in Chinese) [4] Y.X.
Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection, Vol. 27 (2007), p. 119 (in Chinese) [6] C.
Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), Vol. 26 (2005), p. 85 (in Chinese) [8] L.
Henan Science, Vol. 23 (2005), p. 877 (in Chinese)

Materials.
The two upper materials have similar thermal conductivity.
Gu, in: Advanced Materials Research, 2012, pp. 77-79
Li, Footwear Science, 9 (2017) S76-S77
Hao, in: Advanced Materials Research, 2013, pp. 313-316