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This element is used as alloy element in biomaterials [3], in superconductivity alloys [4,5] and ultrahigh temperature alloys [6-14] The refractory metals have strong interaction with oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), water steam (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO) and with gases that are present on environment [15].
JOM, Journal of Metals.
Rodrigues Jr.: Journalof alloys and compounds Vol 491 (2010),p. 187
Chen: Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol 402 (2005), p. 118
Ramos: Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol 434–435 (2007), p. 530

In this study, Zn-3Mg alloy was prepared using conventional casting method and followed by homogenization treatment (370oC for 10hr) with the aim to improve the microstructure uniformity.
Due to this limitation, researchers keep investigating other types of potential metallic biomaterials including Mg and Zn based alloys.
Elemental and compound analyses were conducted using energy dispersion x-ray analysis (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively.
Compound analysis was conducted on the cast alloy using XRD and the results of x-ray diffraction patterns are shown in Fig.3.
[19] X Wang, H Lu, X Li, L Li, Y Zheng, Effect of cooling rate and composition on microstrcutures and properties of Zn-Mg alloys, Trans.

Ceramic coatings consist of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 predominantly with little Al-Si-O compounds known as mullite.
The Al peak increases firstly and decreases afterwards, suggesting lots of Al change into Al2O3 and other compounds with Al.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 504(2010),p,519-526 [2] T.S.
Wu: Characterization and property of the microarc oxidation of aluminum and titanium alloys.
[7] Zozulin A J, Bartak D E: Anodized coating for magnesium alloys.

Laser Surface Treatment of Cast Aluminium-Silicon Alloys K.
Duszczyk, The influence of cast method and anodizing parameters on structure and layer thickness of aluminium alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 157-158 (2004) 718-723
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 468/1-2 (2009) 285-289
Janicki, Effect of laser feeding on heat-treated light alloys, International Journal of Materials Research 108/2 (2017) 126-132 [17] G.
Sieniawski, Influence of heat treatment on the micrustructure and mechanical properties of 6005 and 6082 aluminium alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 162-163 (2005) 367-372

Binary tin-alloys (MxSny) are a perspective alternative of pure Sn.
[2] Jianchao He, Hailei Zhao, Jing Wang, Jie Wang, Jingbo Chen, Hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical properties of nano-sized Co-Sn alloy anodes for lithium ion batteries, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 508 (2010) 629-635 [3] Heon-Young Lee, Serk-Won Jang, Sung-Man Lee, Seung-Joo Lee, Hong-Koo Baik, Lithium storage properties of nanocrystalline Ni3Sn4 alloys prepared by mechanical alloying, Journal of Power Sources, 112 (2002) 8-12
[4] Chunhui Tan, Gongwei Qi, Yeping Li, Jing Guo, Xin Wang, Delong Kong, Hongjun Wang, Shuyong Zhang, Performance enhacement of Sn-Co alloys for lithium-ion battery be electrochemical dissolution treatment, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 574 (2013) 206-2011
Kelder, Sn-Co compound made via advanced electrospraying, Journal of Power Sources, 174 (2007) 428-434
[6] Bo-Ok Jang, Seok-Hwan Park, Wan-Jin Lee, Electrospun Co-Sn alloy/carbon nanofibres composite anode for lithium ion batteries, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 574 (2013) 325-330

An electric resistance furnace was used to produce alloys.
It is therefore, this study aimed for understanding the effect of Sn addition up to 1 wt% on corrosion properties of as-cast, homogenized and hot-rolled Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) magnesium alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution.
Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 1, 2–22
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 461, (2008) 209–215
International Journal of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering 1, (2015)

The present research activity aims at studying different conditions for the circumferential friction stir welding of cylindrical components in aluminium alloy.
The activity here described is a part of a wider research aiming at achieving the objectives already reported.
In this framework, the present investigation aims at studying different initial conditions for the circumferential friction stir welding of cylindrical components in aluminium alloy exploiting the axes allowed by a turning center.
MS F0 a -0.942 3.553 1 3.553 7.651 b 0.06 0.0144 1 0.0144 0.031 c 0.145 0.084 1 0.084 0.181 ab -1.65 10.89 1 10.89 23.449 bc -0.077 0.024 1 0.024 0.052 ac -0.33 0.435 1 0.435 0.938 abc 0.993 3.940 1 3.940 8.484 SSres 3.715 8 MSres: 0.464 SStotale 22.656 15 Summary The present investigation aims at studying different conditions in the circumferential friction stir welding of cylindrical components in aluminium alloy exploiting the axes allowed by a turning center.
Sazgari, Microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum/copper lap joints, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 460 (2008) 535–538 [4] Bo Li, Yifu Shen, A feasibility research on friction stir welding of a new-typed lap–butt joint of dissimilar Al alloys, Materials and Design, Materials and Design 34 (2012) 725–731 [5] M.

The structure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al intermetallic compound were studied in this article.
The aim of this work is to study and compare the structure and the mechanical properties of Ni3Al intermetallic compounds, fabricated by different combinations of mechanical activation of Al and Ni powders, self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) and SPS.
After 3 minutes of mechanical alloying (without SPS and SHS) XRD patterns demonstrated only Ni and Al peaks (Fig. 1b).
De, Effect of alloying on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 265 (1-2) (1998) 249-256
Kirchner, Spark Plasma Sintering of Metals and Metal Matrix Nanocomposites: A Review, Journal of Nanomaterials.1 (2012) 13

However, severe plastic deformation of magnesium alloys is more difficult to implement than in aluminum alloys due to their hexagonal lattice and hence a limited number of slip systems and resultant formability [7, 8].
The common feature of above studies is that the ECAP process was applied to magnesium alloys in as-cast state.
Hao, Microstructural evolution during partial remelting of equal channel angular pressed ZW21 magnesium alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 486 (2009) 124–135
Shoujing, Microstructure evolution of AM60 magnesium alloy semisolid slurry prepared by new SIMA, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 497 (2010) 62–67
Dańko, Characterization of the after thixoforming microstructure of a 7075 aluminum alloy gear, International Journal of Material Forming 3 (1), 771-774 [17] Ł Rogal., J.

Characterization and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress in Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys Welded by the FSW Process D.B.
The aim of this work was to evaluate residual stress levels and mechanical properties of welded joints of Aluminum-Magnesium alloy AA 5083-O using the Friction Stir Welding process.
Aluminum, considered the most frequently used non-ferrous metal in modern industry, combines with various chemical elements with the aim of increasing some properties such as mechanical and corrosion resistance, forming the aluminum alloys.
The traditional processes of fusion welding promote the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC) of FexAly type, which significantly decrease the joint tenacity [2].
Pyzalla: Journal of Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 42, (2007), p. 4205.