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The microstructure of the edge layer was devoid of grain boundary cementite and the achieved nitride hardness depth (nhd) was 75 µm with a maximum surface hardness of 1000 HV0,005.
The variant V3 shows comparably small geometry deviations up to the maximum number of forging cycles.
Up to a number of 300 forgings three different variants were investigated and two variants up to 750 forgings.

EK uses the principle of electroosmosis, electromigration and electrocementation which apt for fine grained soil [14].
It is clearly shown there are a large number of mesopores and macropores distributed in the untreated DMS (see Fig. 6b).
Instead, Fig. 8b shows a large number of small nodules on the foreground and large interconnected soil particles in the background.

Stir casting setup 2.3 Machining study of RSM analysis In this research work Response Surface methodology (RSM) is selected to minimizes the numbers of experiments for the specific number of factors and its levels.
"Experimental and numerical investigations of single abrasive-grain cutting." 

Fig. 2 Vacancy cluster size distribution in terms of relative intensity of clusters as a function of the number of vacancies in the cluster Nv, deduced from experimental lifetime results for d-Si and a-Si [7].
But the presence of CoSi2 phase is not brought out clearly by the positron beam due to the formation of very small CoSi2 grains.
The formation of CoSi2 at lower temperature is facilitated by the amorphous to crystalline transformation of Si which involves defect migration together with the availability of large number of interfaces for Co to react with Si.

At the same time, in the highway construction process, large filling (square) and large digging (square) caused the roadbed collapse, mudslides or landslides, and largely borrow pits and high fill cause the destruction of the natural vegetation, which cause lots of vegetation has not been restored, land become desertification, soil erosion, embankment collapse ....after the road to be put to use for a number of years.
However, taking into account that excavation cutting would destroy the natural vegetation and trees, Liaoning Provincial Communications Department did not spare the increased number of times the investment in the construction of the tunnel.
It is said that this color road is made up by smearing a kind of polymer resin slurry on the surface, and sprinkling the surface with wear-resistant color ceramic grain.

A number of authors [5-7] have considered that the Coulomb friction law allows realistic and excellent results in investigating the thermal behaviour.
(11) The slip rate values can be achieved if equation 11 is incorporated into either equation 7 or 10 as follows, δ=τ1-τ0sinα1-sinατy (12) As a result, to estimate the friction coefficient values, the equation below is proposed, μ=τ0-τ1(1-τ1-τ0sinα1-sinατy)P0(1-sinα) (13) In the next step, the shear stress ratio (β) needs to be computed as follows, β=τ0τ1 (14) Since equation 7 and 10 being in a form of ax+by=c and a'x+b'y=c', and a, b, c, a', b' and c' being nonzero numbers
North, "Strain rates and grain growth in Al 5754 and Al 6061 friction stir spot welds," Metallurgical and materials transactions A, vol. 38, pp. 1291-1302, 2007

The thickness of the layers can be varied between 10 nm and several microns, depending on the solution chemistry and number of coating steps.
The presence or absence of an artificial nanoscale TiO2interlayer between Pt and PZT controls the preferred orientation of the PZT grains between (111) and (100) orientation.
This effort was undertaken to reduce the weight, volume, complexity and number of parts of electromechanical components.

Tab. 4 Test results of industry the location of single roll crusher the number of hammer head the thickness of prevent-split board (mm) begin date end date service life (month) average life (month) Cr25W3MoRe hammer head by integral casting - - - - - 1 2# sintering system 21 10 2001.06.10 2002.04.16 10.2 9.6 3# sintering system 21 20 2001.11.10 2002.09.01 9.7 5# sintering system 27 15 2000.10.09 2001.07.16 9.2 5# sintering system 21 20 2001.07.16 2002.05.18 10.1 5# sintering system 21 25 2002.05.10 2003.03.10 10.0(expect) 6# sintering system 21 20 2001.06.03 2002.03.20 8.6 Note: the number of hammer head of 5# single roll crusher is changed into 27 to 21 at the beginning of 2001.7.16.
With the presence of the carbide small amount, hard and steady on temperature, the effect of dispersion-strengthening on the basic material, solution strengthening of Mn and Si and the influence of fine-grain strengthening of V and Mo on the eutectic structure and carbide, the deposited metal of the PL1 welding rod have good high temperature hardness and wearability.

Accuracy of processing depends on the dimensions of the powder particles. [1,2,3,4] Laser additive manufacturing includes a number of different kinds of process parameters, like laser power, laser beam scanning speed and hatch spacing.
It can be concluded that optimum energy input to be used for this grain size (20-50 µm) is between 2000-5000 J/m when variation of average process temperature is considered, and also when as dense as possible structure is required.
Disadvantages of the active illumination system are: data amount is high due to high number of raw images that are stored in the computer memory, which also limits the length of the video; equipment is expensive (few times more than the other methods); and positioning of the system is time consuming because you have to aim both the camera and the illuminating laser precisely at the same spot.

To achieve these properties, HPC are generally designed with reduced water content and high cement dosage, optimizing grains size distribution, using super-plasticizer (SP), and possibly including mineral additions with pozzolanic activity, e.g. silica fume.
Hence it is expected that, when observed with a SEM, they should appear with a very limited number of micro-cracks and pores, and their ITZ should have developed enough strength to allow a proper bond between the aggregates and the paste.
Comparing the morphology of C400-1 and E400-1 concretes, the latter seems denser, with a reduced number of voids, thus explaining the increased strength gained by the mix with respect to the control one.