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Analysis of the cooling curves recorded during solidification of these blocks showed that the solidification proceeds totally below the stable eutectic temperature and may be described in three successive steps [5, 6]: i) formation of primary graphite nodules that grow freely in the melt; ii) precipitation of austenite that grows as dendrites encapsulating the primary nodules, thus leading to a so-called initial eutectic reaction; and iii) bulk eutectic reaction where the remaining melt solidifies giving the usual nodular structure.
The microstructure shows the same features than those observed in near-eutectic alloys with: i) large (primary) nodules embedded in dendrite-like ex-austenite; ii) CHG cells that present very fine graphite precipitates; and iii) an usual structure of nodular iron with (secondary) nodules much smaller than the primary ones.
This is seen as the indication that better control of melt chemistry should be performed for a full mastering of chunky graphite formation. 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 2 4 6 8 10 not post-inoculated post inoculated VV (%) Eutectic recalescence on TA-cups (°C) Fig. 5.

Solids Structure 22 (1986), p. 1083
Solids Structures (2004), in print
Dlouhý: Matls Chemistry and Physics 53 (1998), p. 155

Rajendran, “Structure, solubility and bioactivity in TiO2-doped phosphate-based bioglasses and glass–ceramics,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 124, Nov. 2010, pp. 312-318
Montagne, “Structure and nonlinear optical properties of sodium–niobium phosphate glasses,” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 354, Jul. 2008, pp. 3540-3547

The Wenzel model is not suitable if dealing with a dual scale surface structure, thus Cassie-Baxter model was introduced.
Conclusion In summary, the wettability of surfaces is a very crucial property affected by both geometrical structure and the chemical composition, that may have various practical applications such as self-cleaning surfaces and other bionic designs [8, 9, 10, 11].
Mukhopadhyay, When PDMS isn’t the best, Analytical Chemistry, vol. 79, no. 9.

The pore structure of paper had a great impact on the migration of chemicals in paper; meanwhile, the porosity of paper was vital parameters in the calculation of diffusion coefficient. 25 mm×25 mm square kraft paper samples were soaked in benzene solution for 8h, and then these samples were adsorbed with filter papers for 30s, these samples were weighted immediately and recorded as W1.
In the process of migration, the transfer of antibacterial agent was influenced by the block of PVA and the porosity of paper, then the diffusion coefficient D was in Eq. 3 and Eq. 4: (3) (4) Paper was a porous structure material, when a kind of solute diffused through a hole, the speed may be impacted by the size and chemical properties of the hole.
Wang: Colloid and surface chemistry, (2004)

Zeolites [5], which are naturally occurring framework silicates with a three-dimensional cage structure, exhibit extraordinary adsorption properties for metal cations.
This implied the mechanism of intercalation was exchange of the interlayer Ca2+ for the polycationic species in solution, so the PAFC species could be entering the internal structure of clinoptilolite [13].
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44 (2005) 6676–6684 [15] Manohar, D.M., Noeline, B.F., Anirudhan, T.S..

Vahlas, A process-structure investigation of aluminum oxide and oxycarbide thin films prepared by direct liquid injection chemical vapor deposition of dimethylaluminum isopropoxide (DMAI), Chem.
Vahlas, Alumina thin films prepared by direct liquid injection chemical vapor deposition of dimethylaluminum isopropoxide: a process-structure investigation., Physica Status Solidi C, 12 (2015) 989-995
Vahlas, Amorphous alumina thin films deposited on titanium: Interfacial chemistry and thermal oxidation barrier properties, Phys.

When Chitosan molecules combined with fibers of a filter form an intertwined and reticulated structure, primary ammonium groups are sheltered and unrevealed.
The intertwined structure is rearranged to be a layer when straight-chain anionic surfactants are added in a mixture of Chitosan and filters [12].
Nagano: Agricultural Biology and Chemistry Vol. 53 (1989), p. 3065-3066

The sum of all the data collected was refined in order to define the structure of the HAp in tibia bone.
After the structure determination of HAp, the texture was refined using the MAUD program [10,11] and the pole figures of HAp in bone at 6 mm from the implant have been traced.
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 172(2) (2003) 339-350

X680, Pretoria, South Africa. 3Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria 4Department of Industrial Chemistry, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria 5 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Corresponding author: osfayomi@bellsuniversity.edu.nga, mojosola.nkiko@elizadeuniversity.edu.ngb ktdauda@bellsuniversity.edu.ngc, excetom@gmail.comd Keywords: Ni-based composite, electrodeposition, time difference, coating, corrosion Abstract.
Fig. 5: Potentiodynamic Polarization curve for co-deposited Ni-P-Zn-5ZrB2 at different time variation in 3.5 % NaCl Fig. 6: Open circuit potential curve for co-deposited Ni-P-Zn-5ZrB2 at different time variation in 3.5 % NaCl Table 5: Tafel data for co-deposited Ni-P-Zn-5ZrB2 at different time variation in 3.5% NaCl Sample Label Ecorr (V) Jcorr (A/cm2) Corrosion Rate (mm/year) Polarization Resistance (Ω) Ni-P-Zn-5ZrB2 -1.2954 0.009921 1.5721 73.142 Ni-P-Zn-5ZrB2 -1.2850. 0.009711 1.5685 75.134 Ni-P-Zn-5ZrB2 -1.2560 0.009531 1.5621 79.234 Ni-P-Zn-5ZrB2 -1.21018 0.009021 1.5121 82.231 With the improved structure developed, the as-corroded samples of all deposited coating were subjected to microstructure optical examination to examine the extent of pitting or uniform evolution over time.
The impact of time of the deposition and crystallography of nanoparticles on the deposit was seen from the SEM/EDS structure.