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Furthermore, compared to randomly-oriented particulate TiO2, vertical charge transport in well-aligned TiO2 nanotubes structure greatly contributes to better photocatalytic efficiency due to the grains of TiO2 are stretched in the tube growth direction and low recombination losses at grain boundaries [6-9].
Among the vast number of different MOSs or cationic, WO3 is one of the most capable candidates to be coupled with TiO2 photocatalyst for enhancement in numerous diverse applications as discussed above, such as photocatalytic related applications, solar cell related applications, electrochromic devices as well as sensing related applications.
However, the sol-gel technique has some drawback, such as the raw materials currently used are expensive, time consuming, and existence of a large number of pores in the gel during the drying process. 6.3- Wet impregnation technique Among various preparation techniques available as mentioned earlier, wet impregnation has been commonly used technique for the preparation of the WO3-TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst [26].
However, the amorphous WO3 shows poor durability in acidic electrolyte solution after a number of repeated cycles due to the dissolution of material.
Scientific reports, 4 (2014) Article number: 4043

This degree of variation provides researchers with a vast number of possible sources for inspired bionic designs [[] Hepburn HR.
Journal of Zhengzhou Grain College 2 1987. ,[] Jiang YC, Zhu PY, Wang XP.
Fig. 5 (d) shows the average number of layers across 11 images that were taken in the same region.
The number represents the lamina order from the surface.
In Fig. 12, a number of saw-tooth peaks can be observed along the peeling curve.

The reactivation peak current and peak potential were calculated by using a grain size number of 1 and a grain boundary area of 0.0058 cm2 [31, 32]. 2.3.5.
As shown in Fig. 3, the current fluctuated between +1 mA and -1 mA during a given time in the 1 M HCl environment, indicating that the corrosion processes are fast and that many free ions are formed on the surface of the steel, and a large number of free ions on the surface of steel impact the increase in corrosion current force.
When IMD was added to the corrosion environment, the current fluctuated between +140 µA and -131 µA during a given period, confirming that inhibitor molecules form a thin layer and dramatically reduce the free ion number on the steel surface.
ZCPE=Y0-1(iω)-n (16) where, Y0 and i are the constant phase element magnitude and an imaginary number, respectively, ω is an angular frequency, n is the empirical constant and it is responsible for identifying the heterogeneity on the metal electrode.

In covalent solids, bond angles and bond lengths, as well as a number of the nearest neighbors, are all part of the appropriate bonding scheme.
Namely, the amorphization frequently begins at grain boundaries, surfaces or other defect sites, as does ordinary melting.
Furthermore, due to a number of uncertainties, a reproducibility of such experiments is poor; thus, the plasma spaying technique is not considered as a valuable method to produce ACPs.
Theoretical investigations on the stability of different calcium orthophosphate clusters with an increasing number of ions have confirmed that Posner’s clusters are the most stable arrangement [139].
Determination of the specific surface area of ACP generally leads to surprisingly low numbers.

As mentioned in the previous research works, low water pressure and traverse speed were noticed to give better SR, whereas the proper value of standoff distance must be chosen, since it decides the number of abrasive particles reaching the machining spot which decides the SR.
MRR SR Water Pressure Travesrsing speed [63] Hybrid natural fiber reinforced composites with cellulose micro filler incorporation SR Kerf angle Water Pressure Travesrsing speed Standoff distance [64] Natural fiber reinforced nano clay filled green composites MRR SR Kerf taper Jet pressure Standoff distance Traverse speed wt % of nano clay particles [65] Pineapple filler based reinforced polymer composites MRR SR Standoff distance Work pressure Nozzle speed Abrasive grain size [66] Hybrid natural fiber composite material Kerf wall inclination MRR Water jet pressure Traverse speed Standoff distance [67] Cotton–viscose hybrid composite SR Water pressure Nozzle transfer speed Abrasive flow rate [68] Turkey fiber reinforced polyester composites SR Taper angle Pressure Standoff distance Feed rate [69] Arunkumar et al [68] estimated the SR of cotton-viscose hybrid composite after machining with AWJM process.
Water pressure, abrasive mass flow rate, size of the abrasive grain particle, traverse speed and standoff distance are the major input parameters affecting the machining performance of the NFRCs.

Soldan et al. [18] reported that the grain size and hardness of the coatings decrease with the increasing Si content in the coating.
The size and number of macroparticles that determine the surface roughness of the coating depend on the evaporated material and the duration of the evaporation.
The lower value of the melting point of the vaporized material leads to the increase in the number and size of the macroparticles.
Addition of Cr and Ti led to a reduction in the number of macroparticles, but the amount of Cr or Ti did not have a significant influence on the surface morphology.
They led to the reduction in the number of macroparticles, as well as to the changing the resistance of the coating to the plastic deformation and its plasticity index.

Few others have investigated alcohol as a solvent to produce cement grains fully covered with clusters of CNTs [11,12,13].
MWCNTs are categorized based on the number of concentrically rolled-up graphene sheets.
The CNTs' diameter depends on the walls' number.
It was observed that CNTs could reduce the number of mesopores [78].
The addition of well-dispersed CNTs decreases the number of pores.

The composition of the hydrate-forming gas used in experimental studies Gas composition Percentage content, % Methane 94.5 Ethane 2.0 Propane 2.5 Butane 1.0 To study the impact of thermobaric parameters on the gas hydrates formation, depending on the concentration of methane at the Pokrovskoye Shakhtoupravleniye, a limited number of 6 samples of gas mixtures have been selected from degassing holes.
Based on the existing data [39], in the solid phase of a substance at a temperature above 0°C there are always various voids, the equilibrium concentration of which is varied and is determined in accordance with the value of their energy of formation by this way: , where n – number of voids; N – total number of atoms in a crystal; α – coefficient, which takes into account the degree of chaotic nature in the crystal when forming the voids; e – base of natural logarithm, e = 2.72; E – energy of voids formation; R – universal gas constant; T – temperature of existence of the formed voids.
The heat release when returning stretches to a wider temperature range, while during the recrystallization, the nucleation of new grains and their growth occur in a narrower temperature range (Trecr ≈ 0.4 Tmelt) and are similar to the processes that occur during phase transformations.
The bias of the equilibrium temperature after the substitution of the values Tʹ and T from equations (1) and (2) and a number of transformations takes the following form:
Gas hydrate dissociations in Mallik hydrate bearing zones A, B, and C by depressurization: Effect of salinity and hydration number in hydrate dissociation.

This difference is partly due to the change of h, which depends on the coordination number (CN) of the specific atom [26].
The second and the third produce a combination of surface energy or grain-boundary energy and size effects.
This difference is partly induced by the change of h, which depends on the coordination number of a lattice CN [26] .
Note that Fe and β-Sn films in Figs. 14(a) may refer to finely granular structures with high densities of inner surface/grain boundaries and cannot be described by a continuous film [130].
Na is Avogadro's number and Z coordinate number of an atom.

BMP-2 presented only a low number of contacts with the surface while the first layer of water exhibited repulsive force towards BMP-2 which was stronger than the attractive force from the surface towards BPM-2 [57].
They also pointed out that if cell adhesion is to happen a specific number of integrins must cluster together and couple via actin filaments in order to stabilize adhesion.
Kunzler et al study focused on the density of nanoparticles, concluding that osteoblast number as well as spreading increased with decreased nanoparticle density [83].
In Gittens et al study despite the fact that osteoblastic maturation was enhanced and MSCs number was increased, MSCs osteoblastic differentiation was suppressed by micro/nanostructures [92].
Siegel et al in their study with nanoscaled ceramic surfaces where hMSCs adhesion was dependent upon both chemistry and nanophase topography (50-100nm grain size) reduced hMSCs adhesion and proliferation.