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Materials science forum 2005:475-479;963-966 [4] Ravi Chandran KS, Panda KB.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2005; 160:374-81
Journal of Materials Research 1999;14:4214-23
Materials Science ad Engineering A 2011; 528: 3849-3853
Materials Science ad Engineering A 2012; 532: 505-510

Centrifugal Casting and Characterisation of Primary Silicon and Mg2Si Dispersed Aluminium Functionally Graded Materials P.
Introduction Functionally graded materials belong to group of inhomogeneous composites consisting of two or more phases, which varies in composition and microstructure in some spatial directions, leading to functional performance of component [1].
Experimental Al-20 Si alloy and pure Mg were used as raw materials and used to process Al-20Si-3Mg alloy.
Applied Surface Science, 2005, 244: 330333
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2008, 462: L28L31 [7] Humberto Melgarejo Z, Marcelo Suarez O, Sridharan K.

Brittle failure constitutive relation For the Gauss point where tensile failure occurs, the stress along the maximum principal tensile stress direction reduces to zero, cracking surface normal along the direction of maximum principal stress, the material is anisotropy after cracking, crack plane normal stiffness is zero.
Strength criterion In order to suit the conventional arch dam design criterion, three kinds of strength criterion of uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial for concrete material failure criteria are used.
References [1] Tongchun Li, Renkun Wang, Qisheng You: Shuili Xuebao Vol.38 (2007), p.78 [2] Guoxin Zhang, Yi Liu, Bofang Zhu: Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering Vol.31 (2012), p.167 [3] Tony C Y Liu, Arthur H Nilson, Floyd O Slate: Journal of the Structural Division.
Vol.98 (1972), p.1025 [4] S S Hsieh, E C Ting, W F Chen: International Journal of Solids and Structures.
Vol.18 (1982), p.181 [5] Tongchun Li, Zhiqiang Wang, Lanhao Zhao: Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering Vol.29 (2010), p.35 [6] Tongchun Li, Miao Li, Zhaowang Wen: Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences).

Valvular leaflets made with polymer materials of porcine or bovine pericardial can be opened or closed by ejected blood.
We take the thickness of the leaflets 0.2mm and 0.4mm for comparing.We assume valve leaflets material’s modulus of elasticity which is 5.4Mpa and its Poisson’s ratio is 0.48[5].
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30700693) and the Technic Development Foundation of Shandong Province (2009GG10002082).
References [1] Zhao Shixiong,Luo Zhengxiang.The statue of arificial heart valve[J],Journal of Biomechnical Engineering 1991,(8):259-262
[6] Wang Keqiang, Yu Yanzheng, Ren Changyu,The dissussion of factors affect Bioprosthetic Heart Valve[J],Journal of Anatomy,1994,17(1):18-19

Fyodorov, Building materials, NOU DPO«CIPK», St.
Vaisman, Methodological Approaches to Development of Ecologically Safe Usage Technologies of Ferrous Industry Solid Waste Resource Potential, World Applied Sciences Journal 22 (Special Issue on Techniques and Technologies), 2013 28-33
Pugin, Environmental issues of the use of solid waste materials in the steel industry in building materials, Stroymaterialy, 8(2012) 34-36
Meek, Characterization of ZrO2–Al2O3 composites sintered in a 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field, Journal of Materials Science, 26 (1991) 6309-6313
Oreshkin, Problems of construction materials and construction materials production, Stroymaterialy, 11(2010) 6 - 8

So materials can be a very good fusion, and does not appear Weld.
Pantani :European Polymer Journal,Vol.41/7 (2005), P.1484
Koszkul: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.157-158 (2004), p.183
Hieber: Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 42/7 (2002), p.1387
Mohamad: International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Vol. 4 (2009), p.70

New Method for Preparing Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites Jinghua Tan, Xiaoping Wang*, Yuanfang Luo , Demin Jia College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China *Corresponding author e-mail: wangxp@scut.edu.cn Keywords: Montmorillonite reinforcement; Latex dispersion; Masterbatch;Nanocomposites; Abstract.
Materials The Ca-MMT, with a cationic exchange capacity of 93 meq/100 g, is supplied by Nanhai Inorganic Factory (China, Guangdong).
“Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials,” Materials Science & Engineering, vol.28, pp.1-6, Spt.2000, doi:10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00012-7
,Engelhardt, Martin., “Clay nanolayer reinforcement of cis-1,4-polyisoprene and epoxidized natural rubber,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.82, pp.1391-1403, Jun.2001, doi: 10.1002/app.1976
“Preparation and Properties of Natural Rubber Nanocomposites with Solid-State Organomodified Montmorillonite,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science,vol.107, pp.2786–2792, Mar.2008, doi:10.1002/app.26539

School of Materials Science and Technology,Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 2.ChongQing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400715, China.
Wang.: Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol.124(2002) p. 19−24
Hsieh and Weite Wu:Metals and Materials International, Vol. 13(2007) No. 3, p. 201-205
[6] Y.K.Hao,J.Y.Xiao: High Performance Composite Materials (Chemical Industry Press, China 2004).
(In Chinese) [7] B.Q.Hu,J.C.Niu: Advanced Composite Materials (National Defence Industry Press, China 2006).

The results provide references and theoretical basis for the welding technology of dissimilar materials.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2004, (156): 1235-1241
Welding Journal, 2000,79 (11):324-330
Materials Science and Engineering, 2009,499 (1):287-292
Materials and Design, 2009,30:359-366

Thermal sensitivity is the reaction rate of materials when heated.
According to Eq. (1), the existence of pores in composites will reduce the thermal sensitivity of materials.
Tomchuk: Surface Science, Vol.600 (2006) No.20, pp.4702-471
Sharma: Advanced engineering materials, Vol.10 (2008) No.4, pp.366-370
Maccormick: Materials Forum, Vol.16 (1992), pp.91-95