Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: June 2007
Authors: G. Senthil Kumaran, K.R. Santhi, P.M.Rubesh Anand
Renovation/Maintenance: AR can be used to overlay locations of subsurface electrical, telephone,
gas, and water lines onto real-world views.
Monitoring water quality levels in natural water bodies and artificial lakes, monitoring of the pollution levels can be done effectively by using AR.
Soil Mechanics: AR can be used in locating infrastructures for public supply networks (water, sewage, telephone, electric power) in order to avoid damage when intervention to the subsoil is necessary.
Many research works have been given emphasis to the implementation of Augmented Reality for practical applications like manufacturing, medicine, architecture, education and professional training.
Monitoring water quality levels in natural water bodies and artificial lakes, monitoring of the pollution levels can be done effectively by using AR.
Soil Mechanics: AR can be used in locating infrastructures for public supply networks (water, sewage, telephone, electric power) in order to avoid damage when intervention to the subsoil is necessary.
Many research works have been given emphasis to the implementation of Augmented Reality for practical applications like manufacturing, medicine, architecture, education and professional training.
Research on the Life Cycle Cost Control of Urban Complex Based on the Sustainable Development Theory
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Hong Yue Zhang, Jin Hua Li
The design unit also should use their own professional knowledge make the efficient use of the resources, space and energy and actively using the new construction technology, environmental protection materials and environmental protection technology to provide better design for the urban complex base on the sustainable development.
The construction units should reduce the adverse effects on the environment for construction and production and in the construction water, material selection, waste treatment process using water saving, energy saving, materials saving ideas. 2.4The cost control of urban complex in the operation and maintenance stage In the operation and maintenance phase should focus on strengthening the management of the urban complex maintenance costs, but because of the special nature of the urban complex should also be more control of its operating costs.
This can be done by orderly management system, energy conservation and carbon reduction, and the serial management, solid waste collection and processing, the management of the indoor environment, environmental health management, water saving and energy saving management to the practice of continuous effectively.
Through the timely transformation of water and energy conservation to the urban complex, rational planning replaced the removed materials, rationalize the use of resources, avoid adverse impacts on the environment.
The construction units should reduce the adverse effects on the environment for construction and production and in the construction water, material selection, waste treatment process using water saving, energy saving, materials saving ideas. 2.4The cost control of urban complex in the operation and maintenance stage In the operation and maintenance phase should focus on strengthening the management of the urban complex maintenance costs, but because of the special nature of the urban complex should also be more control of its operating costs.
This can be done by orderly management system, energy conservation and carbon reduction, and the serial management, solid waste collection and processing, the management of the indoor environment, environmental health management, water saving and energy saving management to the practice of continuous effectively.
Through the timely transformation of water and energy conservation to the urban complex, rational planning replaced the removed materials, rationalize the use of resources, avoid adverse impacts on the environment.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Ya Dong Zhu, Liang Jiang, Li Jun Yu, Yao Dong Zhou
B.T Liu et al.[4] found that none of the hydrogen-bond were suitable for the ORC such as water, ammonia and ethanol.
Nomenclature internal efficiency of the expander flow resistance in the total circulation loop mechanical efficiency of the expander and generator total resistance at condenser cooling water side overall efficiency of the working fluid pump at the operating point exergy efficiency isentropic compression efficiency of the working fluid pump product of heat transfer area and overall heat transfer coefficient mechanical efficiency of the working fluid pump compression efficiency of the working fluid pump Subscript 1-18 state points of the cycle specific power evap evaporation specific power output cond condensation specific power consumption wf working fluid , temperature h low grade heat fluid temperature difference c cooling fluid specific volumn tot total specific enthalpy sup superheating pressure sub subcooling heat exchange sys system power output cpump cooling cycle pump thermal efficiency of the ORC system amb ambient specific exergy(kJ/kg) in flow
Table 1 Assumptions for heat source and sink and power plant components Parameter Sign Unit Value The temperature of the low-grade heat flow th,i ºC 150 The temperature of cooling water tc,i ºC 25 The volume flow of low-grade heat flow qv,h m3/h 4000 Minimum heat transfer temperature difference in evaporator ΔTevap K 5 Minimum heat transfer temperature difference in condenser ΔTcond K 5 Internal efficiency of expander ηT,i 1 0.8 Mechanical efficiency of expander ηT,m 1 0.8 Isentropic efficiency of working fluid pump ηis 1 0.9 Mechanical efficiency of working fluid pump ηPm 1 0.8 Efficiency of cycling pump ηcpump 1 0.8 Steam dry degree at outlet of expander 1 >0.97 Flow resistance in the total circulation loop dprf kPa 600 Total resistance at condenser cooling water side dpcf kPa 300 3.
Professional version 8.
Nomenclature internal efficiency of the expander flow resistance in the total circulation loop mechanical efficiency of the expander and generator total resistance at condenser cooling water side overall efficiency of the working fluid pump at the operating point exergy efficiency isentropic compression efficiency of the working fluid pump product of heat transfer area and overall heat transfer coefficient mechanical efficiency of the working fluid pump compression efficiency of the working fluid pump Subscript 1-18 state points of the cycle specific power evap evaporation specific power output cond condensation specific power consumption wf working fluid , temperature h low grade heat fluid temperature difference c cooling fluid specific volumn tot total specific enthalpy sup superheating pressure sub subcooling heat exchange sys system power output cpump cooling cycle pump thermal efficiency of the ORC system amb ambient specific exergy(kJ/kg) in flow
Table 1 Assumptions for heat source and sink and power plant components Parameter Sign Unit Value The temperature of the low-grade heat flow th,i ºC 150 The temperature of cooling water tc,i ºC 25 The volume flow of low-grade heat flow qv,h m3/h 4000 Minimum heat transfer temperature difference in evaporator ΔTevap K 5 Minimum heat transfer temperature difference in condenser ΔTcond K 5 Internal efficiency of expander ηT,i 1 0.8 Mechanical efficiency of expander ηT,m 1 0.8 Isentropic efficiency of working fluid pump ηis 1 0.9 Mechanical efficiency of working fluid pump ηPm 1 0.8 Efficiency of cycling pump ηcpump 1 0.8 Steam dry degree at outlet of expander 1 >0.97 Flow resistance in the total circulation loop dprf kPa 600 Total resistance at condenser cooling water side dpcf kPa 300 3.
Professional version 8.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Jian Qiang Bao, Yang Miao, Li Li Zhang
Japan's renovation on traditional buildings covers lighting, college heat pump, solar power, solar heating and cooling systems, solar hot water systems [13].
In order to let building professionals or amateurs learn more about low-carbon building knowledge, the Japanese government also established a low-carbon building training camp in depth. 3.2.
Maximum allowable space conditioning loads for houses by climatic areas Area classification I II III IV V VI Standard annual heating and cooling load (unit: MJ/m3/year) 390 390 460 460 350 290 Source:Energy efficiency requirements in building codes, energy efficiency policies for new buildings,IEA Information Paper,2008 Table5.PAL and CEC requirements by commercial building types Building type Hotel Hospital or clinic Retail Office School Restaurant PAL(MJ/m2a) 420 340 380 300 320 550 CEC/Air-Conditioning 2.5 2.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 2.2 CEC/ Ventilation 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.5 CEC/ Lightning 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 CEC/ Hot Water 1.5~~1.9 Source:Energy efficiency requirements in building codes, energy efficiency policies for new buildings,IEA Information Paper,2008 3.3.
In order to let building professionals or amateurs learn more about low-carbon building knowledge, the Japanese government also established a low-carbon building training camp in depth. 3.2.
Maximum allowable space conditioning loads for houses by climatic areas Area classification I II III IV V VI Standard annual heating and cooling load (unit: MJ/m3/year) 390 390 460 460 350 290 Source:Energy efficiency requirements in building codes, energy efficiency policies for new buildings,IEA Information Paper,2008 Table5.PAL and CEC requirements by commercial building types Building type Hotel Hospital or clinic Retail Office School Restaurant PAL(MJ/m2a) 420 340 380 300 320 550 CEC/Air-Conditioning 2.5 2.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 2.2 CEC/ Ventilation 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.5 CEC/ Lightning 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 CEC/ Hot Water 1.5~~1.9 Source:Energy efficiency requirements in building codes, energy efficiency policies for new buildings,IEA Information Paper,2008 3.3.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Chia Wen Lin, Tzu Yi Wu, Ching Chih You, Kai Chun Hsu, Shih Huang Chen
The team comprised of two to three people from the Construction and Planning Agency, two to four professional members from social benefit societies or professional organizations, and a member from the central government agencies (Police Department, Road Building Team of Construction and Planning Agency, Central Area Building Team or South Area Building Team.
1.
Safety Safety included four analyzing items: pavement condition, pedestrian road crossing safety facility establishment and maintenance condition, pedestrian protection facility establishment and maintenance condition, and water inlet grille establishment on sidewalk.
0.447 0.418 0.375 B3 -0.144 ☆ 0.920 0.868 Eigenvalue 4.866 1.294 6.160 % of Variance 54.069 14.378 Cumulative % 54.069 68.447 Table 5 Total variable explained Compo- nent Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumula-tive % Total % of Variance Cumula- tive % Total % of Variance Cumula- tive % 1 5.179 51.786 51.786 5.179 51.786 51.786 3.258 32.583 32.583 2 1.559 15.592 67.379 1.559 15.592 67.379 2.950 29.501 62.084 3 1.228 12.280 79.659 1.228 12.280 79.659 1.758 17.575 79.659 4 0.786 7.856 87.515 5 0.383 3.828 91.343 6 0.331 3.315 94.658 Table 6 Explanation on Various Factors Factor Accessibility Safety Facility Maintenance Condition Space Planning Explained Variance 51.786% 15.592% 12.280% Factor Items BB1 Pavement Condition CC2 Green Plantation AA1 Effective Width CC1 Tidiness and Maintenance BB2 Pedestrian Road Crossing Safety Facility Establishment and Maintenance Condition BB4 Water
Safety Safety included four analyzing items: pavement condition, pedestrian road crossing safety facility establishment and maintenance condition, pedestrian protection facility establishment and maintenance condition, and water inlet grille establishment on sidewalk.
0.447 0.418 0.375 B3 -0.144 ☆ 0.920 0.868 Eigenvalue 4.866 1.294 6.160 % of Variance 54.069 14.378 Cumulative % 54.069 68.447 Table 5 Total variable explained Compo- nent Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumula-tive % Total % of Variance Cumula- tive % Total % of Variance Cumula- tive % 1 5.179 51.786 51.786 5.179 51.786 51.786 3.258 32.583 32.583 2 1.559 15.592 67.379 1.559 15.592 67.379 2.950 29.501 62.084 3 1.228 12.280 79.659 1.228 12.280 79.659 1.758 17.575 79.659 4 0.786 7.856 87.515 5 0.383 3.828 91.343 6 0.331 3.315 94.658 Table 6 Explanation on Various Factors Factor Accessibility Safety Facility Maintenance Condition Space Planning Explained Variance 51.786% 15.592% 12.280% Factor Items BB1 Pavement Condition CC2 Green Plantation AA1 Effective Width CC1 Tidiness and Maintenance BB2 Pedestrian Road Crossing Safety Facility Establishment and Maintenance Condition BB4 Water
Online since: September 2024
Authors: Khalid Alzebdeh, Mahmoud Nassar
The product was then cleansed with distilled water to remove unreacted chemicals.
Each sample, weighing 2 grams, was submerged in distilled water at room temperature, and the change in water volume was measured.
Furthermore, we assessed water absorption following the ASTM D570 standard [31].
The proportion of water adsorbed by the bio-composite specimens was determined by evaluating the change in sample weight before and after placing in water.
In order to assess the significance of a particular matter, professionals are consulted in order to obtain their expert opinions and insights.
Each sample, weighing 2 grams, was submerged in distilled water at room temperature, and the change in water volume was measured.
Furthermore, we assessed water absorption following the ASTM D570 standard [31].
The proportion of water adsorbed by the bio-composite specimens was determined by evaluating the change in sample weight before and after placing in water.
In order to assess the significance of a particular matter, professionals are consulted in order to obtain their expert opinions and insights.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Ling Li Zhu, Jin Min Guo
Table 8 The main performance of superplasticize Appearance
Appearane
PH
Paste flow [mm]
Water reduction rates [%]
Corrosion
28 days Shrinkage
ratio [%]
Tan
7~9
≧{TTP}8807
235
18~25
No
≦{TTP}8806
125
Test Method
Method.The test is carried on GB/T50081-2002 test method standards of mechanical properties of ordinary concrete.
Rapid freezing and thawing of concrete computer controlled testing machine is setted into freeze-thaw test cell with 17 ~ 23℃ water soaked for 4 days.
Then specimen barrel is setted into freeze-thaw test cell with the circular refrigerant repeated on specimens for cooling and heating, and the water inside and outside the specimen is periodically freezing and melting.
Table 10 Mix component and test results of orthogonal test Test No. gangue [%] fly ash [%] slag [%] 7dcompressi- ve strength [MPa] 28d compressive strength [MPa] 28d elastic modulus [GPa] D1 1(25) 1(15) 1(5) 20.6 33.8 23.1 D 2 1(25) 2(20) 2(10) 23.6 35.2 24.0 D 3 1(25) 3(25) 3(15) 20.8 33.5 23.2 D 4 2(30) 2(20) 3(10) 23.0 27.6 23.8 D 5 2(30) 3(25) 1(15) 24.1 38.6 24.3 D 6 2(30) 1(15) 2(5) 22.8 37.0 24.1 D 7 3(35) 3(25) 2(15) 21.5 31.5 24.2 D 8 3(35) 1(15) 3(5) 20.7 33.9 23.5 D 9 3(35) 2(20) 1(10) 20.6 28.4 22.3 28d compressive strength [MPa] 101.7 104.7 92.9 103.2 91.2 103.7 93.8 103.6 95 33.9 34.9 30.97 34.4 30.4 34.57 31.27 34.53 31.67 diff-eren-tial 3.13 4.5 3.6 28d elastic modulus [GPa] 70.3 67.6 69.7 72.2 70.1 72.3 70.0 71.7 70.5 23.43 22.53 23.23 24.07 23.37 24.1 23.3 23.9 23.5 Diff-eren-tial 0.77 1.37 0.87 Note: In the above mix, the water-cement ratio is 0.53, Sand ratio is 56%, superplasticizer takes up 0.75% of cementitious
As the B factor, the correct result about choosing the second level or the third level can not get only by mathematical analysis[3], to get realistic excellent combination which requires professional knowledge and experience.
Rapid freezing and thawing of concrete computer controlled testing machine is setted into freeze-thaw test cell with 17 ~ 23℃ water soaked for 4 days.
Then specimen barrel is setted into freeze-thaw test cell with the circular refrigerant repeated on specimens for cooling and heating, and the water inside and outside the specimen is periodically freezing and melting.
Table 10 Mix component and test results of orthogonal test Test No. gangue [%] fly ash [%] slag [%] 7dcompressi- ve strength [MPa] 28d compressive strength [MPa] 28d elastic modulus [GPa] D1 1(25) 1(15) 1(5) 20.6 33.8 23.1 D 2 1(25) 2(20) 2(10) 23.6 35.2 24.0 D 3 1(25) 3(25) 3(15) 20.8 33.5 23.2 D 4 2(30) 2(20) 3(10) 23.0 27.6 23.8 D 5 2(30) 3(25) 1(15) 24.1 38.6 24.3 D 6 2(30) 1(15) 2(5) 22.8 37.0 24.1 D 7 3(35) 3(25) 2(15) 21.5 31.5 24.2 D 8 3(35) 1(15) 3(5) 20.7 33.9 23.5 D 9 3(35) 2(20) 1(10) 20.6 28.4 22.3 28d compressive strength [MPa] 101.7 104.7 92.9 103.2 91.2 103.7 93.8 103.6 95 33.9 34.9 30.97 34.4 30.4 34.57 31.27 34.53 31.67 diff-eren-tial 3.13 4.5 3.6 28d elastic modulus [GPa] 70.3 67.6 69.7 72.2 70.1 72.3 70.0 71.7 70.5 23.43 22.53 23.23 24.07 23.37 24.1 23.3 23.9 23.5 Diff-eren-tial 0.77 1.37 0.87 Note: In the above mix, the water-cement ratio is 0.53, Sand ratio is 56%, superplasticizer takes up 0.75% of cementitious
As the B factor, the correct result about choosing the second level or the third level can not get only by mathematical analysis[3], to get realistic excellent combination which requires professional knowledge and experience.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Ai Hua Ji
Because of the lack of water and renewable resources, the proportion of non-fossil energy is clearly lower than other domestic cities.
Among them transport emissions grew rapidly and the water transport emissions toke a larger proportion. 1.3 Carbon sequestration reserves Carbon sequestration reserves of Qingdao are not abundant which mainly come from forestry.
We should accelerate the construction of shelterbelt network for coastal area, farmland, road, river together with water source, and the urban forest system.
Qingdao shall establish a public transport-oriented transport system and firmly advocate the development of water carriage, rail transport at the same time.
According to different situations and demands, the related training should be offered respectively including entrepreneurs, senior management personnel, professional and technicist.
Among them transport emissions grew rapidly and the water transport emissions toke a larger proportion. 1.3 Carbon sequestration reserves Carbon sequestration reserves of Qingdao are not abundant which mainly come from forestry.
We should accelerate the construction of shelterbelt network for coastal area, farmland, road, river together with water source, and the urban forest system.
Qingdao shall establish a public transport-oriented transport system and firmly advocate the development of water carriage, rail transport at the same time.
According to different situations and demands, the related training should be offered respectively including entrepreneurs, senior management personnel, professional and technicist.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: You Cheng, Gen Yin Cheng, Shan Feng
Introduction
China is the world's gas accident-prone countries, therefore, professional research institutions, universities and research institutes of coal system have invested a lot of manpower and material resources to carry out reaches about coal seam gas emission law, mine gas distribution law, burst danger zone and control technology [1,2].
Tab.3 A-B Judgment matrix Target layer A B1 B2 B3 B4 B1 1 3 5 4 B2 1/3 1 3 2 B3 1/5 1/3 1 2 B4 1/4 1/2 1/2 1 Target layer A Index layer X Fold structure X7 Fault structure X8 Coal seam gas distribution state A Gas occurrence conditions (B1) Regional geological conditions (B2) Coal seam dip angle X3 Coal seam outcrop X4 Coal metamorphism X5 Composite of structure X9 X9 Combination of structure X10 Hydrogeological conditions (B3) Water reservoir type X11 Unit water flow X12 Mining working conditions (B4) Mining influence stress distribution X14 Posed area of mining influence X15 X15 Coal and rock permeability X2 Burial depth of coal seam X1 Geological history of coal seam X6 Permeability coefficient X13 Mining influence rock displacement X16 Criterion layer B Fig.1.
Tab.8 Relative importance weight and sequence of each factor Target layer Criterion layer Index layer Sequence Factor Weight Coal seam gas distribution state Coal seam gas occurrence conditions Burial depth of coal seam 0.211 2 Coal and rock permeability 0.130 4 Coal seam dip angle 0.130 4 Coal seam outcrop 0.167 3 Coal metamorphism 0.0639 6 Geological history of coal seam 0.0639 6 Regional geological conditions Fold structure 0.117 5 Fault structure 0.0610 7 Composite of structure 0.0327 9 Combination of structure 0.0198 12 Hydrogeological conditions Water reservoir type 0.0468 8 Unit water flow 0.0234 11 Permeability coefficient 0.0468 8 Mining working conditions Mining influence stress distribution 0.477 1 Posed area of mining influence 0.0301 10 Mining influence rock displacement 0.019 13 As it shown in Table 8, the importance degree of each factor that impact coal seam gas distribution is different, some of these factors have a very important influence but others less affected
Tab.3 A-B Judgment matrix Target layer A B1 B2 B3 B4 B1 1 3 5 4 B2 1/3 1 3 2 B3 1/5 1/3 1 2 B4 1/4 1/2 1/2 1 Target layer A Index layer X Fold structure X7 Fault structure X8 Coal seam gas distribution state A Gas occurrence conditions (B1) Regional geological conditions (B2) Coal seam dip angle X3 Coal seam outcrop X4 Coal metamorphism X5 Composite of structure X9 X9 Combination of structure X10 Hydrogeological conditions (B3) Water reservoir type X11 Unit water flow X12 Mining working conditions (B4) Mining influence stress distribution X14 Posed area of mining influence X15 X15 Coal and rock permeability X2 Burial depth of coal seam X1 Geological history of coal seam X6 Permeability coefficient X13 Mining influence rock displacement X16 Criterion layer B Fig.1.
Tab.8 Relative importance weight and sequence of each factor Target layer Criterion layer Index layer Sequence Factor Weight Coal seam gas distribution state Coal seam gas occurrence conditions Burial depth of coal seam 0.211 2 Coal and rock permeability 0.130 4 Coal seam dip angle 0.130 4 Coal seam outcrop 0.167 3 Coal metamorphism 0.0639 6 Geological history of coal seam 0.0639 6 Regional geological conditions Fold structure 0.117 5 Fault structure 0.0610 7 Composite of structure 0.0327 9 Combination of structure 0.0198 12 Hydrogeological conditions Water reservoir type 0.0468 8 Unit water flow 0.0234 11 Permeability coefficient 0.0468 8 Mining working conditions Mining influence stress distribution 0.477 1 Posed area of mining influence 0.0301 10 Mining influence rock displacement 0.019 13 As it shown in Table 8, the importance degree of each factor that impact coal seam gas distribution is different, some of these factors have a very important influence but others less affected
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yong Qiang Su, Qiang Li Li, Lan Qiao
From the point of view of whole, the relationship of each index affecting teaching building design quality was considered at different professional angle.
As a result,the engineering design quality of the primary and secondary school teaching building can be quality assessment index system building index waterproof design and moisture-proof measures decoration design structural design pipeline engineering teaching and teaching Auxiliary room administrative office and living service room environment effect building equipment site selection building fire protection gas and electrical equipment equipment design or selection windows and doors design or selection energy saving water saving land saving material saving heating and air conditioning system maintenance structure architectural design lighting system new-type wall materials volume ratio use of renewable materials land utilization building materials recovery new technology in architectural design water-saving equipment and pipe rreusing of reclaimed water construction and installation period requirements control of construction and installation
Design document durability engineering design and follow-up work delivery time of design document design documents and construction schedule the foundation force rationality mitigation performance stress rationality of structure the foundation disaster resistance performance the calculation results of structure design mandatoryprovisions implementation development coordination the adaptive of development the integrity of design file projected depth building storey service life of architectural design school building constitution clear height area index structural safety traffic and evacuation building environment security structural material structural system the rule of structural Fireproof endurance rating and fire resistance limit the plane layout fire compartment and partition fire protection equipment evacuation from the classroom stair the corridors building entrance evacuation passage width intelligent building architecture electric water
As a result,the engineering design quality of the primary and secondary school teaching building can be quality assessment index system building index waterproof design and moisture-proof measures decoration design structural design pipeline engineering teaching and teaching Auxiliary room administrative office and living service room environment effect building equipment site selection building fire protection gas and electrical equipment equipment design or selection windows and doors design or selection energy saving water saving land saving material saving heating and air conditioning system maintenance structure architectural design lighting system new-type wall materials volume ratio use of renewable materials land utilization building materials recovery new technology in architectural design water-saving equipment and pipe rreusing of reclaimed water construction and installation period requirements control of construction and installation
Design document durability engineering design and follow-up work delivery time of design document design documents and construction schedule the foundation force rationality mitigation performance stress rationality of structure the foundation disaster resistance performance the calculation results of structure design mandatoryprovisions implementation development coordination the adaptive of development the integrity of design file projected depth building storey service life of architectural design school building constitution clear height area index structural safety traffic and evacuation building environment security structural material structural system the rule of structural Fireproof endurance rating and fire resistance limit the plane layout fire compartment and partition fire protection equipment evacuation from the classroom stair the corridors building entrance evacuation passage width intelligent building architecture electric water