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The analysis is predominantly simulation based which focused mainly on the root cause of the failure of boiler tubes exposed to operating condition.
Methodology Based on the availability of functions, information or details, convenience etc the simulation was carried out using several available software.
Pro ENGINEER was used to do the drawing only whilst ALGOR did the simulation on mechanical and material testing and GAMBIT (Geometry and Mesh Building Intelligent Toolkit) and Fluent were used for temperature distribution simulation.
Fig. 2: Heat Flux distribution along the tube Fig.3: Contour of total pressure in boiler tube CFD Analysis Modelling.
The input values of heat generation rate, heat flux, inlet temperature, material properties were taken from online sources to carry out simulation and CFD analysis.

This study investigates the characteristic of spatially averaged mean velocity profile and the flow pattern within urban canopy layer especially in pedestrian level using CFD technique.
Because of the complexities of experimental set-up, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have become a popular technique for investigation of flow pattern.
Numerical Simulation Simulation Setup.
Table 1 shows the geometry of the arrays used for this simulation.
The validation of current simulation work has shown in Abd Razak et al. [10].

Numerical Simulation on Cylinder Flow Field of Diesel Yindong Song1,2,a, Yinnan Yuan1,3, Chunping Wu2, Yongwang Li2, Pengzhe Qi2, Shuangbo, Wang2 1School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 2School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003 China 3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019 asongyindong@163.com Keywords: diesel, numerical simulation, k-ζ-f model Abstract.
Three dimensional transient numerical simulation on cylinder flow field of 4B26 diesel was done by AVL FIRE.
This paper calculated the air motion of diesel cylinder by AVL FIRE CFD software.
Dynamic grid technology was used in this simulation.
Simulation results Inorder to analyse the flow field in cylinder, this paper select 5°CA BTDC, TDC, 5°CA ATDC, 10°CA ATDC and 20°CA ATDC typical moment.

This is usually a time consuming process, with a lot of system simulation calculations and material simulation calculations.
The temperature, data will be used for this simulation to see how the γ and γ' changes during engine operation.
The creep and dimensional γ and γ' formation nal CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), and the dislocation model.
VJE includes some material simulation models which will be developed with the aid of material testing to give practical results.
Evaluation Model Engine Simulator Temp Stress Analysis Material Simulator 1st Phase 1-D 2-D FEM Creep Strain 2nd Phase 1-D 3-D FEM Creep Fatigue Coating Spallation 2-D γ/γ' 3rd Phase 3-D CFD 3-D FEM 3-D γ/γ' Dislocation Behavior Fig. 13 Development plan

The Finite Volume Method (FVM) is a discretization method which is well suited for the numerical simulation of various types (elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic, for instance) of conservation laws; it has been extensively used in several engineering fields.
Governing Equation of fluid motion in The integral conservation laws Following fundamental laws can be used to derive governing differential equations that are solved in a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study, below the variables are denoted by p, r, u, v, E and H which they are representing the pressure, density, Cartesian velocity components, total energy and total enthalpy respectively.
Blazek, CFD Principles and Applications, 2nd Ed.,” Switzerland, 2001 [3] J.
Anderson, Jr, CFD, the basics with applications, McGraw- Hill, 1995

CFD Analysis on Fire Feature of Subway Station with Different Location of Ticket Machine Xin Han1, Chongyu Li2, and Beihua Cong3 Shanghai Institute of Disaster Prevention and Relief, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Tongji Antai R&D Center of Engineering Disaster Prevention, Shanghai 200032, China 1hanxin@tongji.edu.cn, 2lichoyou@163.com, 3bhcong@tongji.edu.cn Keywords: subway station; ticket machine; fire; space; FDS Abstract.
The total simulation time of fire scenario is 1200s. 2.2 Setting of Measuring Points Three measuring points A, B and C are set up during the fire simulation, as shown in Fig. 1.
The height of these points is 2m above the floor ground and the simulating results of fire temperature, smoke density and visibility could be given out. 3 FDS Simulation Results and Analysis Through the simulation calculation of four different operation scenarios, s=12m, s=15m, s=18m, s=21m (s is the space between the ticket machine fire and evacuation exit), the corresponding simulation results of ticket machine fire in the subway station are demonstrated, including fire temperature, smoke density distribution as well as visibility, as shown in in Fig.2, Fig.3 and Fig.4 while the simulation time is 900s.
From the simulation analysis, some results could be concluded.
Through FDS simulation, the fire feature is analyzed considering different location of ticket machine.

Analysis of the full flow field of Torque Converter Yulong Lei 1, a,Chang Wang 1,b ,Zhengjie Liu 1,c and Xingzhong Li 1,d 1 State Key Laboratory of Automatic Dynamic Simulation, Jilin University (Campus Nan Ling), Renmin Str. 5988, 130025 Changchun, China aleiyl@jlu.edu.cn, bwang.c1987@163.com, c lzj10082838@163.com, dwhdxjx@126.com Keywords: Torque Converter, full passage, single passage, flow field Abstract.
As complexity of the structure and the flow field of the Torque Converter, its designation is mainly based on the simplified one-dimensional beam theory, experience data, and the CFD simulation with single-flow model, which ignores the impact of the cascade area that the oil flow in a single channel to do rotary movement, assumes one oil flow completely flows into another channel, ignores the non-cascade diffusion zone, ignores the interaction between the two flow channel, and then get a simplified computational model.
Full-flow modeling CFD Simulation is based on the Finite-volume grid computing system.
By the external characteristics experiment can get the experimental external characteristics curve of torque converter, shown in Fig.7 Fig.7.Experimental and calculated curves Through the comparison with experimental results in Fig.7 can verify the correctness of simulation results.The full passage flow model is more closer than the single passage approaching the experiment date.
[3] Chinwon Lee, Wookjin Jang, Jang Moo Lee, Won Sik Lim: Three Dimensional Flow Field Simulation to Estimate Performance of a Torque Converter.SAE 2000-01-1146.

This paper put forward a simulation model of churning losses and compared the simulation results with theoretical value.
Simulation results testified the simulation model is pretty accurate and is feasible to be used for churning loss simulation.
And these factors will influence the results of experiment and simulation and also will decrease the accuracy of experiment and simulation.
ICEM CFD Gridding.
Lu, Theoretical analysis and simulation of power loss characteristics for EV Driveline.

Simulation Study about Impact of Building Density on Heat Island Effect Xiao-yu LUO1,a *, Jian GE1,b and Yun ZHANG1,c 1 Room506, Yueya Buiding, Zijinggang Campus, Zhejiang University, China a120819598@qq.com, bgejian1@zju.edu.cn, c35136794@qq.com *Corresponding author Keywords: Numerical simulation, Heat island effect, Building density.= Abstract.
In this research the relationship between the heat island effect and the building density has been studied by CFD software with other factors such as the building height and construction shape unchanged.
Through a series of simulation and data analysis it is revealed that the effect of building density on the thermal conductivity is obvious.
The simulation of temperature changes was made only regarding building density, which ranges from 8% to 46%.
In the study, the computational simulation software we applied was Phoenics.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an emerging technique for fluid/structural analysis by numerical simulations.
CFD substantially reduces the lead time and costs in design and production compared to traditional wind-tunnel testing approach.
Despite its capabilities, CFD has not yet found many applications in civil engineering.
An attempt [15] was recently made to integrate the latest developments in BESO with CFD for the conceptual design of building structures.
The wind fluid analysis was simulated using CFD and the structural response to the wind load obtained from CFD was calculated with FEA.