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Online since: December 2013
Authors: Xin Liu, Zhong Qiang Sun, Zai Xing Li, Jin Feng Zhang
It is essential to identify the hazardous and harmful factors in CCPP, and carry out effective safety risk assessment [1].
Risk factors can cause casualties to human or unexpected property damage.
Research results at home and abroad show that creep, oxidation and corrosion are the major factors affecting the life of units for continuous load-operation units, while thermal-mechanical fatigue and corrosion are the main factors affecting the life of units for peaking load-operation units.
These factors can lead to boiler Water Pipe Bursting Accident, so the probability of the accident and the degree of risk is higher, fault tree analysis method is used to analyze the accident.
The hazardous and harmful factors in process are identified.
Risk factors can cause casualties to human or unexpected property damage.
Research results at home and abroad show that creep, oxidation and corrosion are the major factors affecting the life of units for continuous load-operation units, while thermal-mechanical fatigue and corrosion are the main factors affecting the life of units for peaking load-operation units.
These factors can lead to boiler Water Pipe Bursting Accident, so the probability of the accident and the degree of risk is higher, fault tree analysis method is used to analyze the accident.
The hazardous and harmful factors in process are identified.
Online since: April 2013
Authors: Mohd Hilmi Othman, Sulaiman Hasan, Mohd Izuan Kamaruzamend, Nor Mazlana Main
On hot air chamber, folding endurance is highly affected by heat ageing more than the other mechanical properties.
The increment of chamber temperature gave more elasticity properties, that made the hinges area soften.
From Fig. 5 and 6, the result shown that the temperature rank first (most affecting factor) in humidity and hot air environment as compared with other factors.
The next most affecting factor os breaking time, followed by motor speed and relative humidity.
These affecting factors are related to the folding numbers obtained in this experiment.
The increment of chamber temperature gave more elasticity properties, that made the hinges area soften.
From Fig. 5 and 6, the result shown that the temperature rank first (most affecting factor) in humidity and hot air environment as compared with other factors.
The next most affecting factor os breaking time, followed by motor speed and relative humidity.
These affecting factors are related to the folding numbers obtained in this experiment.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Ji Ke Liu, Wen Juan Gu, Ying Li
However, the stability of the impregnant emulsion is affected by many factors.
Research on the factors that affect it stability is valuable for us to prolong the storage term and improve the performance of the product.
Through comparative analysis, it was found that there were three factors which affect its stability, which were studied separately in this paper.
Effect of pH on the stability of the paste like impregnant The acid & base property is an important factor that affect the stability of silicone water repellent paste.
The factors that affect the stability were studied.
Research on the factors that affect it stability is valuable for us to prolong the storage term and improve the performance of the product.
Through comparative analysis, it was found that there were three factors which affect its stability, which were studied separately in this paper.
Effect of pH on the stability of the paste like impregnant The acid & base property is an important factor that affect the stability of silicone water repellent paste.
The factors that affect the stability were studied.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Paul Jonathan Hazell, M.G. Rashed, Mahmud Ashraf
Numerical simulation of the built parts also becomes difficult due to irregular physical properties including geometry and anisotropic nature of mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties of metallic microlattices depend on various factors including mechanical properties of the parent material itself, unit cell geometry and their connectivity, relative density, and the manufacturing technique used.
The effect of build angle plays a crucial role on the final mechanical properties of the microlattices [11].
The presence of these micro-voids and their stochastic nature of distribution introduce anisotropy in mechanical properties.
Hazell, Metallic microlattice materials: A current state of the art on manufacturing, mechanical properties and applications, Mater.
The mechanical properties of metallic microlattices depend on various factors including mechanical properties of the parent material itself, unit cell geometry and their connectivity, relative density, and the manufacturing technique used.
The effect of build angle plays a crucial role on the final mechanical properties of the microlattices [11].
The presence of these micro-voids and their stochastic nature of distribution introduce anisotropy in mechanical properties.
Hazell, Metallic microlattice materials: A current state of the art on manufacturing, mechanical properties and applications, Mater.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Zhao Ji Hu, Ting Zhang
Introduction
Material properties are affected by the weld structure of high temperature and pressure pipes which are used in chemical industry.
Therefore, just getting two parameters-the stress intensity factor and limit load values solve the value of the creep fracture mechanics parameters C*, and the value of the value of C* is nothing to do with material properties.
Crack length a could be changed for getting different model size factors a/w in design calculation.
This phenomenon indicates the structure of specimen affects the creep crack property of material.
Compared with FEM, RSM has much more intuitive factors.
Therefore, just getting two parameters-the stress intensity factor and limit load values solve the value of the creep fracture mechanics parameters C*, and the value of the value of C* is nothing to do with material properties.
Crack length a could be changed for getting different model size factors a/w in design calculation.
This phenomenon indicates the structure of specimen affects the creep crack property of material.
Compared with FEM, RSM has much more intuitive factors.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Tamara Datsuk, U. Ivlev, Viktor Pukhkal
At the stage of building design it is essential to undertake complex analysis allowing revealing quantitative values of the governing factors and forecasting their joint influence affecting indoor microclimate formation.
At the stage of building design it is essential to undertake complex analysis allowing revealing quantitative values of the governing factors and forecasting their joint influence affecting indoor microclimate formation.
Neglecting of the said factors during design stage may cause violation of technical requirements in respect of natural ventilation air exchange rate.
Phase transitions occurring in construction materials pores considerably affect both thermal insulation properties and structures service life duration.
On one hand, such approach allows increasing natural illumination; on the other hand, thermal properties of outer structures are affected due to irregular indoor microclimate parameters distribution because rated resistance of translucent structures to thermal transmission is 6 times lower than that for outer walling.
At the stage of building design it is essential to undertake complex analysis allowing revealing quantitative values of the governing factors and forecasting their joint influence affecting indoor microclimate formation.
Neglecting of the said factors during design stage may cause violation of technical requirements in respect of natural ventilation air exchange rate.
Phase transitions occurring in construction materials pores considerably affect both thermal insulation properties and structures service life duration.
On one hand, such approach allows increasing natural illumination; on the other hand, thermal properties of outer structures are affected due to irregular indoor microclimate parameters distribution because rated resistance of translucent structures to thermal transmission is 6 times lower than that for outer walling.
Online since: March 2006
Authors: Seung Boo Jung, Sang Su Ha, Dae Gon Kim
Growth of the IMC layers followed the parabolic law, while the IMC layer growth was not highly
affecting the mechanical properties of the solder joints.
This is primarily due to the combined merits of low cost, good soldering properties, adequate melting temperature range, and proper physical, mechanical, metallurgical and fatigue properties.
Among various Pb-free solder candidates, Sn-Ag-Cu solder is considered to be the most promising candidate owing to its superior mechanical properties and thermal reliability [1].
Cu has been widely used in the under bump metallurgy (UBM) of chip and substrate metallization for chip packaging because of its low cost, good mechanical and electrical properties.
Summary Variations of microstructural and mechanical properties of Pb-free solder joints with Cu UBM during isothermal aging were investigated.
This is primarily due to the combined merits of low cost, good soldering properties, adequate melting temperature range, and proper physical, mechanical, metallurgical and fatigue properties.
Among various Pb-free solder candidates, Sn-Ag-Cu solder is considered to be the most promising candidate owing to its superior mechanical properties and thermal reliability [1].
Cu has been widely used in the under bump metallurgy (UBM) of chip and substrate metallization for chip packaging because of its low cost, good mechanical and electrical properties.
Summary Variations of microstructural and mechanical properties of Pb-free solder joints with Cu UBM during isothermal aging were investigated.
Online since: April 2023
Authors: Abderrahmane Younes, Amirouche Bouamer, Rachid Amraoui, Nadia Metidji, Mounia Guessoum, Abderahim Abada
Therefore, after considering these factors, the Fe80Ni20 alloy was chosen.
It has received much attention because of its exceptional physical and chemical properties, especially its high electrical conductivity [20], higher mechanical properties [21], and substantial theoretical particular surface area [22].
The addition of graphene affects structural properties such as crystallite size being reduced to 6.65 nm and the lattice parameter increasing to 0.28704 nm.
Zandrahimi, Microstructural and magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe and Fe50Co50 powders prepared by mechanical alloying, J.
He, Structure and magnetic properties of Fe1− x C x, solid solution prepared by mechanical alloying.
It has received much attention because of its exceptional physical and chemical properties, especially its high electrical conductivity [20], higher mechanical properties [21], and substantial theoretical particular surface area [22].
The addition of graphene affects structural properties such as crystallite size being reduced to 6.65 nm and the lattice parameter increasing to 0.28704 nm.
Zandrahimi, Microstructural and magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe and Fe50Co50 powders prepared by mechanical alloying, J.
He, Structure and magnetic properties of Fe1− x C x, solid solution prepared by mechanical alloying.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Adel A. Abdel-Wahab, Vadim V. Silberschmidt
Factors such as the mass of bone, its material properties and geometry as well as the magnitude and orientation of the applied loads affect this behaviour.
Numerous previous studies have been devoted to analysis of quasi-static mechanical properties of a cortical bone tissue, but less attention has been paid to its dynamic mechanical characterization.
More recently, the effect of the strain rate on the mechanical properties of human cortical bone was investigated by Hansen et al. [3].
Material Properties.
Rho, J.Y., Kuhn-Spearing, L., Zioupos, P., Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone.
Numerous previous studies have been devoted to analysis of quasi-static mechanical properties of a cortical bone tissue, but less attention has been paid to its dynamic mechanical characterization.
More recently, the effect of the strain rate on the mechanical properties of human cortical bone was investigated by Hansen et al. [3].
Material Properties.
Rho, J.Y., Kuhn-Spearing, L., Zioupos, P., Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Yong Zang, Qin Qin, Di Ping Wu, Jing Yun Zhao
Mechanical stress and thermal stress distribution on the steel armour of vessel will affect its lifetime.
There are swell gaps between the refractory bricks which may affect the stress distribution during the preheating and transportation.
Characteristic values of thermo-physical properties and mechanics properties used in this model are presented in Table 1 and Table 2 [4,5,6].
Table 1 Thermo-physical properties of the materials in torpedo cars model Material Thermal conductivity [W.m-1℃-1] Specific heat [J.kg-1.℃-1] Linear expansion coefficient[10-6℃-1] 16Mn 48 480 11.3~13 ZG275-485H 48 480 11.3~13 Insulating board 0.2 72.4 -2.8 45%Al2O3 insulating bricks 1.006 969 11.8 Fireclay bricks 1.4 837 5.2 Permanent lining castable 1.1 750 5.6 ASC bricks 1.6 800 3.695 Steel fiber enhanced castable 1.1 750 5.2 Table 2 Mechanics properties of the materials in torpedo cars model Material Density [kg.m-3] Elastic modulus [Mpa] Poisson’s ratio 16Mn 7850 2.1e5 0.3 ZG275-485H 7800 2.06e5 0.3 Insulating board 1300 3975 0.15 45%Al2O3 insulating bricks 2100 7563 0.15 Fireclay bricks 2070 7500 0.15 Permanent lining castable 1400 2426 0.15 ASC bricks 2900 3.75e4 0.15 Steel fiber enhanced castable 2400 3200 0.15 Loading and Constraint The temperature curve during preheating process is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 Time-Temperature curve Fig. 6 Temperature field Influence factors on thermal stress The temperature field is introduced to the model to analyze the thermo-mechanical coupling stress.
There are swell gaps between the refractory bricks which may affect the stress distribution during the preheating and transportation.
Characteristic values of thermo-physical properties and mechanics properties used in this model are presented in Table 1 and Table 2 [4,5,6].
Table 1 Thermo-physical properties of the materials in torpedo cars model Material Thermal conductivity [W.m-1℃-1] Specific heat [J.kg-1.℃-1] Linear expansion coefficient[10-6℃-1] 16Mn 48 480 11.3~13 ZG275-485H 48 480 11.3~13 Insulating board 0.2 72.4 -2.8 45%Al2O3 insulating bricks 1.006 969 11.8 Fireclay bricks 1.4 837 5.2 Permanent lining castable 1.1 750 5.6 ASC bricks 1.6 800 3.695 Steel fiber enhanced castable 1.1 750 5.2 Table 2 Mechanics properties of the materials in torpedo cars model Material Density [kg.m-3] Elastic modulus [Mpa] Poisson’s ratio 16Mn 7850 2.1e5 0.3 ZG275-485H 7800 2.06e5 0.3 Insulating board 1300 3975 0.15 45%Al2O3 insulating bricks 2100 7563 0.15 Fireclay bricks 2070 7500 0.15 Permanent lining castable 1400 2426 0.15 ASC bricks 2900 3.75e4 0.15 Steel fiber enhanced castable 2400 3200 0.15 Loading and Constraint The temperature curve during preheating process is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 Time-Temperature curve Fig. 6 Temperature field Influence factors on thermal stress The temperature field is introduced to the model to analyze the thermo-mechanical coupling stress.